Aphex Studio Dominator 700 Bedienungsanleitung

•

••

STUDIO DOMINATOR™

MODEL

700

_.... STUDIO DOMINATOR-'

...

'O'~'~'~

_ •

OPERA

TING

GUIDE

SERVICE

MANUAL

•

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

THE

STUDIO

DOMINATOR

TABLE

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

Multi-Band

Processing

vs.

Wideband

ALT

(Auto

Limit

Threshold)

EQ,

Release

Time

and

TEC

The

Gain

Control

Circuits

The

Tracking

Control

Output

Ceiling

Control

Factory

Options

A DISCUSSION

GAIN REDUCTION

3.1

Leveling

3.2

Compression

3.3

Compression

Ratio

3.4

Operating

Threshold

3.5

Attack

and

Release

times

3.6

Limiters

and

Limiting

3.6.1

Program

Limiters

3.6.2

Peak

Limiters

3 . 7

Clippers

APPLICATIONS

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

Broadcast.ing

Recording

and

Mastering

Live

sound

Other

Applications

Use

with

the

COMPELLOR

Frequency

Response

Tailoring

INSTALLATION

5.1

Unpacking

5.2

Input

Sensitivity

Set

5.3

Mounting

5.4

Connectors

5.5

I/O

Considerations

5.5.1

Impedances

5.5.2

Balanced

vs.

Unbalanced

Operation

5.6

Line

Connector

5.6.1

Voltage

Select.ion

5.6

. 2

Fuse

Selection

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

FRONT PANEL CONTROLS

6.1

Drive

6.2

Output

Ceiling

6.3

Secondary

Controls

6.3.1

6.3.2

X-over

6.3.3

6.3.4

X-over

6.3.5

Process

On-Off

6.3.6

Tracking

6.3.7

Release

Time

6.3.8

TEC

6.4

The

Section

6.5

The

TEC

Function

FACTORY

OPTIONS

7.1

Model

702

With

Matrix/De-Matrix

7.2

Model

703

With

Pre/De-Emphasis

7.3

Model

704

-W/

Pre/De-Emphasis

and

Lowpass

Fltr

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS/SET-UP

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

8.6

8.7

Beginning

Drive

Output

Set

Drive

Set

Release

Time

TEC

Equalization

TECHNICAL

DESCRIPTION

9.1

Input

Circuit

9.2

Crossover

9.3

VCA

Limiters

9.4

Summing

Final

Limiter

9.5

Process

Sample

Rectifier

9.6

Output

Ceiling

circuit

9.7

Output

Line

Amplifier

9.8

Automatic

Limit

Threshold

(ALT)

circuit

9.9

Transient

Enhancement

Circuit

(TEC)

9.10

Metering

Circuit

10.0

TEST

PROCEDURES

10.1

Main

Board

10.2

Power/Metering

Board

11.0

BLOCK

DIAGRAM

12.0

SCHEMATICS

and

PARTS

LISTS

12.1

Input/Bandsplit/L1miters

and

Power

12.2

Summing/Peak

Ceiling/Output/TEC/ALT

13.0

EXPLODED

VIEW

and

MECHANICAL

PARTS

LISTS

14.0

SPECIFICATIONS

15.0

WARRANTY

and

SERVICE INFORMATION

16.0

APPLICATION

NOTES

Supply

Studio

Dominator

Owner's

Manual

1.0

INTRODUCTION

The

studio

Dominator

from

Aphex

Systems,

Ltd.

stereo

multiband

peak

limiter

designed

fit

wide

range

audio

aoplications.

~hrough

the

use

multiband

techniques

along

~~h

new

proprletary

circuits

the

audibility

limiting

action

has

been

greatly

reduced,

especially

when

compared

conventional

limiters.

This

means

that

greater

limiting

depth

possible,

resulting

higher

loudness

with

maintained

audio

quality.

virtually

any

limiting

depth,

the

Studio

Dominator

free

"hole

punching",

"dullness!I,

and

most

other

sound

deterioration

normally

associated

with

limiters.

As a

peak

overshoot

protection

limlter,

the

Studio

Dominator

undetectable

line

while

absolutely

prevents

peak

levels

from

exceeding

user

settable

output

level.

addition,

the

desired

limiting

effects

greater

audio

density,

increased

"punch",

etc.,

are

readily

available

with

the

Studio

Dominator.

The

Studio

Dominator

easy

adjust

and

use.

recommended,

however,

that

the

user

read

this

operating

manual

order

fully

understand

the

capabilities

the

device

and

how

best

set

for

operation.

The

Studio

Dominator

will

find

applications

all

parts

the

audio

industry.

Some

examples

are:

Sound

Contracting-

protection

amplifiers

and

speakers

from

overload;

increased

loudness;

maximized

use

avail-

able

power.

Recording

preventing

sudden

recorder;

tightening

tracks;

peak

overload

mixer

special

effects,

etc.

Digital

Sampling

Obtaining

good

full

scale

samples

free

from

peak

overload,

i.e

. ,

missed

samples.

Digital

recording

insuring

clean

recording

AID

clipping

peaks

and

overshoots.

Satellite

Uplink

Modulation

control

splattering

high

frequency

audio,

reduced

better

signal-to-noise

ratio.

stopping

prevent

distortion,

Broadcasting

and

Modulation

control

loudness;

cleaner

sound;

use

production

consistency

tapes,

punchier

voiceovers.

for

greater

tor

greater

Location

Film

Shoots

anti-crash

for

dialog

and

sound

effects

recording.

Post

Production

difficult

dialog;

Soundtrack

peak

control;

managing

controlling

transient

sound

effects.

Optical

Recording

preventing

"valve

clash"

with

higher

average

level

for

low

distortion

and

better

signal-to-no!se

performance.

Analog

Disk

Mastering

peak

control

for

higher

allowable

average

cutting

levels;

less

limiter

degradation

the

program;

brighter,

punchier

sound.

* C/D

Mastering

peak

and

density

control

for

accurate

digitizing,

cleaner

sound

requiring

less

error

correction

playback;

limiter

induced

sound

degradation.

2.0

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Traditionally,

limiters

have

been

designed

specifically

for

particular

application,

with

mUltitude

interacting

controls

that

must

adjusted

adapt

the

unit

particular

purpose.

Because

the

Studio

Dominator

circuitry

"intelligent",

only

few

basic

adjustments

are

necessary

get

proper

results

any

application.

The

user

simply

sets

the

OUTPUT

CEILING

the

level

where

peaks

must

absolutely

stop

(such

100%

modulation

just

under

system

overload),

and

sets

the

DRIVE

control

obtain

the

desired

amount

limiting.

Some

additional

controls

are

provided,

but

they

are

mainly

for

those

who

wish

obtain

effects

from

the

limiter.

2.1

Multiband

vs.

Wideband

processing

Much

the

studio

Dominator's

high

performance

due

newly

created

multiband

processing

technique

that

overcomes

the

problems

previously

encountered

with

both

wide-

and

multi-band

limiting.

One

the

main

problems

wideband

limiting

"spectral

gain

intermodulation"

"hole

punching",

the

audible

effect

the

powerful

low

frequencies,

such

bass

drum,

causing

the

whole

program,

including

the

high

frequencies,

'to

drop

momentarily

level.

Wideband

limiters

also

tend

sound

dull

for

this

reason.

Multiband

limiting

attempts

solve

this

problem

splitting

the

audio

into

two

bands,

and

processing

them

separately.

But

bands

means

parameters

control

and

the

summing

the

separate

bands

deal

with.

For

three

band

limiter,

the

number

controls

could

easily

run

twelve

per

channel!

The

Studio

Dominator

uses

program

dependent,

intelligent"

circuits

eliminate

all

but

the

most

necessary

controls.

This

dynamic

control

also

tends

make

the

limiting

less

audible

providing

the

right

amount

processing

the

right

time.

2.2

ALT

(Automatic

Limit

Threshold)

Though

free

"hole

punching"

multiband

limiters

generally

not

keep

the

output

peak

amplitude

consistent

level.

This

due

the

varying

amount

band

energies

being

added

together

with

different

amounts

limiting

each

band.

Such

characteristic

usually

unacceptable

(at

least

broadcast

applications),

final

clipper

added

chop

down

the

final

level

reliable

amplitude

the

expense

added

distortion.

Another

solution

add

wideband

limiter

the

output,

but

that

only

re-introduces

wideband

limiting

and

negates

the

advantages

new

solution

had

found.

the

problems

multiband.

The

answer

new

circuit

concept

termed

ALT

(Automatic

Limit

Threshold,

Pat.

pending).

Incorporated

the

Studio

Dominator,

ALT

accurately

manages

output

summing

levels

way

that

produces

distortion

and

maintains

the

full

advantages

multiband

limiting.

the

ALT

system,

the

limiter

peak

output

co~stantly

monitored

and

adjusted

reference

level

controlling

the

limiter

thresholds.

Below-threshold

gain

not

changed,

low

level

signals

are

not

modified

the

ALT

process.

Since

ALT

has

finite

reaction

time,

soft

"catch

clipper"

used

following

the

final

summing

stop

any

brief

overshoot

transients.

This

does

not

produce

any

audible

distortion

because

the

ALT

prevents

all

but

the

briefest

overshoots,

too

short

hear.

these

methods,

the

summed

signal

peak

ceiling

guaranteed

remain

calibrated

value.

The

maximum

output

level

can

now

made

accurately

adjustable

single

front

panel

control.

This

highly

desirable

feature

not

commonly

found

limiters.

Due

intelligent

interplay

between

the

ALT

control,

the

attack

timing

the

individual

bands

and

the

catch

clipper,

the

"come

on"

the

limiter

extremely

smooth

sounding

can

heard

all.

2.3

EQ,

Release

Time

and

TEe

allow

for

variations

operating

conditions

and

tailoring

the

sound,

several

features

are

available

the

Studio

Dominator.

The

band

crossover

frequencies

are

selectable,

with

the

drive

levels

into

the

low

and

high

bands

adjustable

± 6dB.

This

allows

static

and

dynamic

equalization

effects

obtained.

the

bands

get

deeper

and

deeper

into

limiting,

the

effect

will

diminish

all

bands

approach

equal

amplitude.

The

release

time

allows

the

user

obtain

less

density

(loudness)

under

heavy

limiting.

quicker

release

time

gives

greater

loudness

maintaining

small

peak-to-average

ratio.

The

release

time

may

also

used

for

maximum

transparency

different

average

amounts

limiting.

All

limiters,

their

nature,

remove

transients

that

create

the

live

feel

audio.

unique

circuit

called

TEC

(Transient

Enhancement

Circuit,

Pat.

pending)

restores

some

this

transient

"feel".

Output

level

psychoacoustic

effect

accomplished

modification

the

components

below

switched

out

desired.

2.4

The

Gain

Control

Circuits

not

changed,

but

through

slight

envelope

threshold.

TEC

may

Extremely

low

distortion

limiting

accomplished

the

use

type

1537A

VCAs

each

band

coupled

with

individual

precision

comparator/pulse

charge

gain

control

circuits.

The

attack

time

sufficiently

fast

prevent

audible

overshoot

clipping

(with

the

help

ALT)

but

slow

enough

prevent

"hole

punching"

transients

such

record

pops,

etc.

The

limiting

thresholds

for

all

bands

are

equal

and

are

programmed

the

ALT

bus.

Release

time

likewise

equal

and

controlled.

2.5

Tracking

Control

TRACKING

locks

the

gain

control

signals

together

for

each

band.

This

provides

the

most

stable

stereo

image

However,

greatest

average

loudness

acheived

when

the

two

channels

are

operated

independently.

2.6

Output

Ceiling

Control

The

calibrated

OUTPUT

CEILING

control

the

only

control

the

studio

Dominator

that

not

control.

precision

attenuator

that

adjustable

ldB

steps

from

-2dBU

+21dBU.

In-between

levels

can

accomplished

internal

trimpot

desired.

This

setting

represents

the

actual

peak

voltage

the

output

signal,

not

RMS

voltage.

This

limit

will

not

exceeded

under

ANY

conditions

limiting

The

RANGE

control

selects

LOW

range

the

OUTPUT

CEILING

knob.

2.7

Factory

options

adapt

the

Studio

Dominator

the

widest

varjety

applications,

several

factory

options

are

available.

Pre/De-emphasis

Allows

insertion

precise

preemphasis

curve

prior

limiting.

Oeemphasis

jumper

selectable

restore

flat

response

desired.

uSee

standard,

others

available.

Lowpass

Filter

addition

the

above,

overshoot

corrected

lowpass

filter

exceptional

quality

may

installed

restrict

bandwidth

for

broadcast

digital

recording.

15kHz

standard.

Matrix/Dematrlx

For

stereo,

this

option

allows

L+R

and

L-R

limiting

with

selectable

de-matrixing.

These

options

are

available

factory

installed

only,

and

are

identified

separate

model

numbers.

Refer

Section

7.0

for

further

information.

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