AUREL RTX-24EM Bedienungsanleitung

RTX-24EM

User guide

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Contents

1. General description ..................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Features ..................................................................................................................................... 3

2. RTX-24EM pin out ........................................................................................................................... 4

3. Reference ocumentation .............................................................................................................. 5

4. European Reference Standards ....................................................................................................... 5

5. Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 5

5.1 RF transceiver ............................................................................................................................. 6

5.1.1 Frequency synthesizer / Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) ..................................................................... 6

5.1.2 Receiver .................................................................................................................................. 6

5.1.3 Transmitter ............................................................................................................................. 6

6. Electrical characteristics .................................................................................................................. 9

6.1 General Operating Conditions ..................................................................................................... 9

6.2 Supply currents on Vcc ................................................................................................................ 9

6.3 RF characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 10

7. Functional modes ......................................................................................................................... 11

7.1 Power own ............................................................................................................................. 12

7.2 Standby Mode .......................................................................................................................... 12

7.3 RAM2 Init ................................................................................................................................. 12

7.4 Auto-cal .................................................................................................................................... 12

7.5 Transmit ................................................................................................................................... 12

7.6 Receive ..................................................................................................................................... 12

8. igital interface ............................................................................................................................ 13

RTX-24EM

User guide

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8.1 SPI operations ........................................................................................................................... 13

8.2 SPI Commands .......................................................................................................................... 15

9. Programming interface ................................................................................................................. 19

9.1 RAM2, RAM1 reset .................................................................................................................... 19

9.2 RAM2 Initialization ................................................................................................................... 19

9.3 Internal PTAT current auto calibration ....................................................................................... 19

9.4 VCO auto calibration ................................................................................................................. 20

9.5 Channel ata Rate .................................................................................................................... 21

9.5.1 Bit stuffing ........................................................................................................................... 21

9.6 RF operating frequency ............................................................................................................. 22

9.7 Address byte ............................................................................................................................. 22

9.8 TX Power level .......................................................................................................................... 23

9.9 Packet (TX and RX) payload ....................................................................................................... 23

9.9.1 Mode payload size in the header ........................................................................................... 23

9.9.2 Mode payload size in RAM2 ................................................................................................... 23

9.10 Register TXFIFO and RXFIFO ................................................................................................... 24

9.11 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) ............................................................................... 24

9.12 Frequency error register : FT_Mes[7:0] ................................................................................ 25

10 Transmission programming flow ................................................................................................ 25

10.1 Transmission flow, mode payload size defined in header ........................................................ 25

10.2 Transmission flow, mode payload size defined in RAM2 ......................................................... 26

11 Reception programming flow .................................................................................................... 27

11.1 Reception flow, mode payload size defined in header ............................................................ 27

11.2 Reception flow, mode payload size defined in RAM2 .............................................................. 28

12 RAM2 Registers ......................................................................................................................... 29

13 RF Packet format ....................................................................................................................... 37

14 Revision History ........................................................................................................................ 38

RTX-24EM

User guide

The technical characteristics can change without notice. AUR°EL S.p.A doesn’t assume the responsibility to the damages caused by an improper use of the de ice.

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1. General description

The RTX-24EM is a 1.5kbps to 72kbps low-power, low-voltage 2.4GH ISM band RF transceiver module ideal

for battery operated wireless applications such as wireless sensors and control.

The RTX-24EM module embeds the EM Microelectronic EM9209 Radio SOC device.

The EM9209’s built in custom low power microcontroller supports the proprietary wireless protocol links in

the license free 2.4000GH to 2.4835GH ISM band. It includes a low-IF receiver architecture and uses FSK

modulation. A SPI interface provides a simple control of the baseband using an external host

microcontroller.

The EM9209 provides two communication modes with normal sensitivity (NS) or high sensitivity (HS) and

programmable bit rate from 1.5kbps to 72kbps.

The RTX-24EM module is pin to pin compatible with Aurel previous models XTR CYP 2.4 GH , XTR VF 2.4 LP,

XTR VF 2.4PA-LNA and XTR VF 2.4 HP.

The RTX-24EM module is available in the following variants:

Aurel Code Technical name reference escription

650201476G AUREL RTX-24EM-AI/V Integrated PIFA antenna, vertical mounting

650201495G AUREL RTX-24EM-AE/V UFL connector for external antenna, vertical mounting

650201496G AUREL RTX-24EM-AI/H Integrated PIFA antenna, hori ontal mounting

650201497G AUREL RTX-24EM-AE/H UFL connector for external antenna, hori ontal mounting

1.1 Features

•Low voltage: 1,9 to 3,6 V

•Low power: 7mA in RX normal sensitivity mode (NS), 8mA in RX high sensitivity mode (HS).

•TX mode: 11mA at -1dBm, 36mA at +10dBm.

•< 1µA in power down mode.

•High performance:

-115dBm sensitivity at 1.5kbps,

Programmable output power from -20dBm to +10dBm

•Operating temperatures: -20°C to +70°C

•Flexible interface:

SPI interface for microcontrollers

Fully programmable link layer

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2. RTX-24EM pin out

Pin escription

1 GND GND connection.

2 VCC

Positive Voltage supply connection

3 IRQ Interrupt output

signal

4 nRESET

1

Reset signal (ac

tive low

forced to low level, the device is resetted and in power down mode.

5 MOSI

Master Out Slave In. SPI signal

6 SS

Slave Select signal (active high)

7 SCK SPI clock

from the external host microcontroller

8 MISO

Master In Slave Out. SPI signal from the radio module

9 GND GND connection.

10 ENABLE

1

Enable Pin

(active high)

mode.

Note 1: nReset

(Pin 4) and ENABLE (Pin 10) are present on the XTR

both XTR CYP 2.4 GH and XTR VF 2.4 Aurel modules. They are used for the same functionality (force the

power down mode) and they are

both connected to EN_REG pin of EM9209 radio SoC.

It is therefore recommended to manage only one of them with the host microcontroller.

Pin 1

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GND 1

IRQ 3

MOSI 5

SCK 7

GND 9

NC 11

Figure 1

Positive Voltage supply connection

.

signal

for external host microcontroller.

tive low

) from the external host microcontroller

to the radio module

forced to low level, the device is resetted and in power down mode.

Master Out Slave In. SPI signal

from the external host microcontroller

to the radio module.

Slave Select signal (active high)

from external host microcontroll

er to the radio module

from the external host microcontroller

to the radio module.

Master In Slave Out. SPI signal from the radio module

to the external host microcontroller

(active high)

.

If this pin is forced to low level, the device is resetted and in power down

Table 1: Pin description

(Pin 4) and ENABLE (Pin 10) are present on the XTR

-

24EM to maintain the hardware compatibility with

both XTR CYP 2.4 GH and XTR VF 2.4 Aurel modules. They are used for the same functionality (force the

both connected to EN_REG pin of EM9209 radio SoC.

It is therefore recommended to manage only one of them with the host microcontroller.

Pin 1

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2 VCC

4 nRESET

6 SS

8 MISO

10 ENABLE

12 NC

to the radio module

. If this pin is

to the radio module.

er to the radio module

.

to the external host microcontroller

.

If this pin is forced to low level, the device is resetted and in power down

24EM to maintain the hardware compatibility with

both XTR CYP 2.4 GH and XTR VF 2.4 Aurel modules. They are used for the same functionality (force the

RTX-24EM in

RTX-24EM

User guide

The technical characteristics can change without notice. AUR°EL S.p.A doesn’t assume the responsibility to the damages caused by an improper use of the de ice.

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3. Reference ocumentation

The RTX-24EM module embeds the EM Microelectronic EM9209 Radio SOC device.

For information on technical details of the Radio SOC such as register settings, timing, application interfaces

and clocking refer to the device data sheet available on the website:

http://www.emmicroelectronic.com

Here below the link of the documentation:

http://www.emmicroelectronic.com/products/wireless-rf/proprietary-protocols/em9209

4. European Reference Standards

The module RTX-24EM complies with the European standards EN 300 440 and EN 301 489-3 with

maximum power supply of 3.6V.

The transceiver must be supplied by a very low voltage safety source protected against short circuits.

The usage of the transceiver is foreseen inside enclosures that assure the overcoming of the rule EN 61000-

4-2, not directly applicable to the module itself.

This device is compliant with EN 62479, connected to the electromagnetic field human exposition.

5. Overview

The EM9209 is a low-power, low-voltage, single chip 2.4GH RF transceiver ideal for battery operated

wireless applications. The EM9209 employs a FSK modulation scheme which is directly applied to the

2.4GH transmitter. RF output power is digitally tuned over a wide range (-20dBm to +10dBm) to optimi e

current consumption and transmitted power for the application. The on-air transmission rate is digitally

programmable from 1.5kbps to 72kbps.

The EM9209 features a fully integrated low-noise, high-sensitivity 2.4GH front end with -115dBm at

1.5kbps in high sensitivity mode. The integration of an agile frequency synthesi er makes the EM9209 well

suited for frequency hopping applications.

The major blocks that build the EM9209 are:

1. the RF transceiver;

2. the digital interface including custom microcontroller;

3. the power management circuitry.

An overview of each of these blocks is provided in this section.

RTX-24EM

User guide

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5.1 RF transceiver

The highly integrated multi-channel RF transceiver is ideal for wireless applications in the world-wide,

license-free, ISM frequency band at 2.4000GH to 2.4835GH . Its robust low-IF architecture and direct FSK

modulation scheme are designed for proprietary communication protocols. The EM9209 supports data

transmission rates of 1.5kbps to 72kbps for up to 20 channels.

The RF transceiver can be programmed to one of two primary modes:

Transmit mode: the entire transmit-chain is active and the digital baseband data can be up-converted to a

2.4GH FSK modulated signal.

Receive mode: the frequency synthesi er and the entire receive-chain are active and ready to receive a

packet.

The RF transceiver consists of three major subsystems:

•the frequency synthesi er/phase-locked loop (PLL)

•the receiver

•the transmitter.

Each of these is described below.

5.1.1 Frequency synthesizer / Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)

The frequency synthesi er provides an accurate, low jitter (-100 dBc @ 1MH offset) 2.4GH RF signal used

for both up conversion (in Transmit mode) and down-conversion (in Receive mode). Up to 20 different RF

channel frequencies can be synthesi ed in high sensitivity mode. Additionally, the PLL supports direct FSK

modulation for use in the Transmit mode.

An auto-calibration mechanism is included in the PLL to center the VCO control voltage.

5.1.2 Receiver

The receiver achieves high sensitivity (-115dBm at 1.5kbps in high sensitivity (HS) mode) and supports a

wide input signal range (up to +10dBm at 2.4GH ). It is comprised of a low noise amplifier (LNA), followed

by a down-conversion mixer and an IF-filter. The output of the IF-filter is fed to a limiting-amplifier which

feeds the digital FSK demodulators (normal and high sensitivity).

The receiver includes a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), which can measure the down-converted

RF power after the IF filter. The average power on the channel or burst power of a packet can be read via

the SPI after the single-shot RSSI measurement has been completed (see Section 9.11).

5.1.3 Transmitter

The transmitter consists of an FSK modulator with a programmable bit-rate (1.5kbps to 72kbps) which is

included in the frequency synthesi er and a programmable Power Amplifier (PA) output stage.

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5.2 igital interface

The Digital Interface is shown in Figure 2. It includes:

•A four pin

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).

•A Custom microc

ontroller with built in CODEC, FIFO

•Two RAMs

(Program and Registers).

•One ROM

and its Boot machine.

The SPI can operate at up to 10MH for reading and writing to the configuration (

(RAM1) memories.

The custom microc

ontroller drives an interrupt pin (

of the EM9209 (e.g.,

that a packet has bee

functionality allows the host micro

controller to

mode.

The RAM memories are reset through internal POR.

5.2.1 Baseband microcontroller

The baseband custom micro

controller is the

modes of the EM9209 through

RAM2

RXFIFO

operations. Furthermore, it configures

from the demodulator (what is commonly referred to as the link

execute different subrouti

nes which are handling

Those different subroutines are stored in a

and activated through SPI interface.

There are various communication subroutines available for EM9209 (either high sensitivity or normal

sensitivity). Most

communication subroutines will set the EM9209

an

d turn on the Receiver. A simple

back to Standby mode with crystal oscillator enabled.

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The Digital Interface is shown in Figure 2. It includes:

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).

ontroller with built in CODEC, FIFO

’s and timers.

(Program and Registers).

and its Boot machine.

The SPI can operate at up to 10MH for reading and writing to the configuration (

ontroller drives an interrupt pin (

IRQ

) which can be programmed to indicate the status

that a packet has bee

n sent or received or that auto

calibration has finished). This

controller to

complete other operations or even enter its own low power

The RAM memories are reset through internal POR.

Figure 2: igital interface

controller is the

central digital control system of the EM9209. It manages all

RAM2

register memory and controls the RF transceiver and

operations. Furthermore, it configures

digital data for transmission and processes packets

from the demodulator (what is commonly referred to as the link

layer). The micro

nes which are handling

auto-calibration,

communication (and FIFO control).

Those different subroutines are stored in a

ROM memory and are loaded in the

RAM1

and activated through SPI interface.

There are various communication subroutines available for EM9209 (either high sensitivity or normal

communication subroutines will set the EM9209

frequency synthesi er in Receive mode

d turn on the Receiver. A simple

communication subroutine allows the EM9209 to transmit and to go

back to Standby mode with crystal oscillator enabled.

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The SPI can operate at up to 10MH for reading and writing to the configuration (

RAM2) and program

) which can be programmed to indicate the status

calibration has finished). This

complete other operations or even enter its own low power

central digital control system of the EM9209. It manages all

register memory and controls the RF transceiver and

TXFIFO or

digital data for transmission and processes packets

received

layer). The micro

controller is able to

communication (and FIFO control).

RAM1

program memory

There are various communication subroutines available for EM9209 (either high sensitivity or normal

frequency synthesi er in Receive mode

communication subroutine allows the EM9209 to transmit and to go

RTX-24EM

User guide

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5.2.1.1 In Communication mode:

The TXFIFO can be written at any time by the host microcontroller. When the SPI command Send_TXFIFO is

activated, the internal microcontroller will transmit all the content of the TXFIFO (or, depending on the

subroutine used, a predefined number of bytes, stored in RAM2) on the selected channel at the selected

data rate.

The EM9209 will wait for any packet on the selected channel at the selected data rate. When a packet is

received, the EM9209 examines the packet si e header, and stores the corresponding number of bytes in

the RXFIFO (or, depending on the subroutine used, a predefined number of bytes, stored in RAM2) and sets

the IRQ signal Pin high.

The EM9209 RXFIFO and RXFIFO_Size can be read through SPI.

The IRQ bit can be reset through the SPI Clear_IRQ command.

5.2.1.2 In Auto-calibration mode:

The center frequency of the VCO is tuned for a chosen channel frequency.

The result of the auto-calibration is directly written in the VCO center frequency register VCO_Code[3:0].

5.2.1.3 In Standby mode:

The EM9209 control registers (RAM2) can be read or written.

5.2.1.4 In RAM2 initialization mode

The EM9209 configures it’s RAM2 to default value and sets IRQ pin high when this action is finished.

5.3 Power management

The power management system of the EM9209 provides the necessary supplies, voltage and current

references for reliable operation in all modes. It includes low drop-out voltage regulators (LDO) for the RF

transceiver.

5.3.1 RF transceiver supply

There are 2 on-chip regulators, for the transceiver and the synthesi er’s analog part, which supply all

analog circuits in the RF transceiver. The voltage reference for these regulators is derived from a low noise

bandgap circuit. The regulators are enabled individually when needed.

5.3.2 igital supply

A low power regulator generates the supply for all digital parts in the system (base-band, frequency

synthesi er logic and demodulator).

5.3.3 Bias generator

The EM9209 features a bias generator that utili es a temperature compensated on-chip bandgap reference

and a calibrated, temperature dependent, PTAT reference current.

RTX-24EM

User guide

The technical characteristics can change without notice. AUR°EL S.p.A doesn’t assume the responsibility to the damages caused by an improper use of the de ice.

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6. Electrical characteristics

6.1 General Operating Conditions

Parameters

Symbol

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Supply Voltage

V

CC

1.9 3.0 3.6 V

Temperature Range T

A

-20 +70 °C

Table 2: General Operating condition

6.2 Supply currents on Vcc

Operating

Mode Notes Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

Power Down I

CC_PWDOWN

ENABLE (Pin 10) or nRESET (Pin 4) = 0 1 µA

Standby I

CC_STDBY

ENABLE (Pin 10) or nRESET (Pin 4) = 1

and 26MH crystal oscillator disabled 140 µA

Auto-

calibration I

AUTOCAL

Auto-calibration mode 4.2 mA

Transmit 1,2

I

CC_TX3

P

OUT

= 1.1 dBm, 2440MH 11 mA

I

CC_TX7

P

OUT

= 10 dBm, 2440MH 36 mA

Receive

Normal

sensitivity,2 I

CC_RXNS

2440 MH 7 mA

High

sensitivity,2 I

CC_RXHS

2440 MH 8 mA

Table 2: Supply currents on V

CC

Note 1: See Table 10 for further clarifications.

Note 2: for the ersion with external antenna the current consumption is measured with 50 ohm load connected to UFL

connector. Connecting an antenna the current consumption may be different.

RTX-24EM

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6.3 RF characteristics

Parameter Conditions Notes

Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

General RF conditions

Operating frequency

f

op

2400

2484

MH

Modulation

m

od

FSK

Data rate

HS 1.5

1

,2

DR1

1.2

1.5

2

kbps

HS 3

1

,2

DR2

2

3

4

kbps

HS 6

1

,2

DR3

4

6

8

kbps

HS 12

1

,2

DR4

8

12

16

kbps

N

S 24

1

,2

DR5

24

kbps

N

S 48

1

,2

DR6

48

kbps

N

S 72

1

,2

DR7

72

kbps

Channel spacing F

CHW

4 MH

Transmitter Operation

RF Output power on UFL

connector

(

RTX-24EM-AE/H and RTX-

24EM-AE/V versions)

Power level = 7 3 P

RF7

+10 dBm

Power level = 6 3 P

RF

6

+9 dBm

Power level = 5 3 P

RF

5

+6 dBm

Power level = 4 3 P

RF4

+2.5 dBm

Power level = 3 3 P

RF

3

-1 dBm

Power level = 2 3 P

RF

2

-3 dBm

Power level = 1 3 P

RF

1

-10 dBm

E.R.P. RF power

(

RTX-24EM-AI/H and RTX-24EM-

AI/V versions)

Power level = 7 3 P

ERP

7

+8.5 dBm

Power level = 6 3 P

ERP6

+7.5 dBm

Power level = 5 3 P

ERP5

+4.5 dBm

Power level = 4 3 P

ERP4

+1.2 dBm

Power level = 3 3 P

ERP3

-2.5 dBm

Power level = 2 3 P

ERP2

-4.5 dBm

Power level = 1 3 P

ERP1

-11.5 dBm

Receiver

Operation

Sensitivity

HS 1.5 1 S

HS1.

5

-115 dBm

HS 3 1 S

HS

3

-113 dBm

HS 6 1 S

HS

6

-111 dBm

HS 12 1 S

HS

12

-107 dBm

NS 24 1 S

N

S

24

-100 dBm

NS 48 1 S

N

S

48

-98 dBm

NS 72 1 S

N

S

72

-97 dBm

Table 5: RF characteristics

AUREL RTX-24EM Bedienungsanleitung

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