Cisco Catalyst 3750-E Series Bedienungsanleitung

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Catalyst 3750-E and 3560-E Switch

Software Configuration Guide

Cisco IOS Release 12.2(55)SE

August 2010

Text Part Number: OL-9775-08

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Catalyst 3750-E and 3560-E Switch Software Configuration Guide

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Catalyst 3750-E and 3560-E Switch Software Configuration Guide

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CONTENTS

Preface xlix

Audience xlix

Purpose xlix

Conventions xlix

Related Publications l

Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request li

CHAPTER

1Overview 1-1

Features 1-1

Deployment Features 1-2

Performance Features 1-4

Management Options 1-5

Manageability Features 1-6

Availability and Redundancy Features 1-8

VLAN Features 1-9

Security Features 1-9

QoS and CoS Features 1-12

Layer 3 Features 1-14

Power over Ethernet Features 1-15

Monitoring Features 1-15

Default Settings After Initial Switch Configuration 1-16

Network Configuration Examples 1-19

Design Concepts for Using the Switch 1-19

Small to Medium-Sized Network Using Catalyst 3750-E and 3560-E Switches 1-26

Large Network Using Catalyst 3750-E and 3560-E Switches 1-28

Multidwelling Network Using Catalyst 3750-E Switches 1-31

Long-Distance, High-Bandwidth Transport Configuration 1-32

Where to Go Next 1-33

CHAPTER

2Using the Command-Line Interface 2-1

Understanding Command Modes 2-1

Understanding the Help System 2-3

Understanding Abbreviated Commands 2-3

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Understanding no and default Forms of Commands 2-4

Understanding CLI Error Messages 2-4

Using Configuration Logging 2-4

Using Command History 2-5

Changing the Command History Buffer Size 2-5

Recalling Commands 2-6

Disabling the Command History Feature 2-6

Using Editing Features 2-6

Enabling and Disabling Editing Features 2-6

Editing Commands through Keystrokes 2-7

Editing Command Lines that Wrap 2-8

Searching and Filtering Output of show and more Commands 2-9

Accessing the CLI 2-9

Accessing the CLI through a Console Connection or through Telnet 2-10

CHAPTER

3Assigning the Switch IP Address and Default Gateway 3-1

Understanding the Boot Process 3-1

Assigning Switch Information 3-2

Default Switch Information 3-3

Understanding DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration 3-3

DHCP Client Request Process 3-4

Understanding DHCP-based Autoconfiguration and Image Update 3-5

DHCP Autoconfiguration 3-5

DHCP Auto-Image Update 3-5

Limitations and Restrictions 3-6

Configuring DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration 3-6

DHCP Server Configuration Guidelines 3-7

Configuring the TFTP Server 3-7

Configuring the DNS 3-8

Configuring the Relay Device 3-8

Obtaining Configuration Files 3-9

Example Configuration 3-10

Configuring the DHCP Auto Configuration and Image Update Features 3-11

Configuring DHCP Autoconfiguration (Only Configuration File) 3-11

Configuring DHCP Auto-Image Update (Configuration File and Image) 3-12

Configuring the Client 3-14

Manually Assigning IP Information 3-15

Checking and Saving the Running Configuration 3-16

Configuring the NVRAM Buffer Size 3-17

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Modifying the Startup Configuration 3-18

Default Boot Configuration 3-18

Automatically Downloading a Configuration File 3-18

Specifying the Filename to Read and Write the System Configuration 3-19

Booting Manually 3-19

Booting a Specific Software Image 3-20

Controlling Environment Variables 3-21

Scheduling a Reload of the Software Image 3-24

Configuring a Scheduled Reload 3-24

Displaying Scheduled Reload Information 3-25

CHAPTER

4Configuring Cisco IOS Configuration Engine 4-1

Understanding Cisco Configuration Engine Software 4-1

Configuration Service 4-2

Event Service 4-3

NameSpace Mapper 4-3

What You Should Know About the CNS IDs and Device Hostnames 4-3

ConfigID 4-3

DeviceID 4-4

Hostname and DeviceID 4-4

Using Hostname, DeviceID, and ConfigID 4-4

Understanding Cisco IOS Agents 4-5

Initial Configuration 4-5

Incremental (Partial) Configuration 4-6

Synchronized Configuration 4-6

Configuring Cisco IOS Agents 4-6

Enabling Automated CNS Configuration 4-6

Enabling the CNS Event Agent 4-8

Enabling the Cisco IOS CNS Agent 4-9

Enabling an Initial Configuration 4-9

Enabling a Partial Configuration 4-13

Displaying CNS Configuration 4-14

CHAPTER

5Managing Switch Stacks 5-1

Understanding Switch Stacks 5-1

Switch Stack Membership 5-3

Stack Master Election and Re-Election 5-5

Switch Stack Bridge ID and Router MAC Address 5-7

Stack Member Numbers 5-7

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Stack Member Priority Values 5-8

Switch Stack Offline Configuration 5-8

Effects of Adding a Provisioned Switch to a Switch Stack 5-8

Effects of Replacing a Provisioned Switch in a Switch Stack 5-10

Effects of Removing a Provisioned Switch from a Switch Stack 5-10

Hardware Compatibility and SDM Mismatch Mode in Switch Stacks 5-10

Switch Stack Software Compatibility Recommendations 5-11

Stack Protocol Version Compatibility 5-11

Major Version Number Incompatibility Among Switches 5-11

Minor Version Number Incompatibility Among Switches 5-11

Understanding Auto-Upgrade and Auto-Advise 5-12

Auto-Upgrade and Auto-Advise Example Messages 5-13

Incompatible Software and Stack Member Image Upgrades 5-15

Switch Stack Configuration Files 5-15

Additional Considerations for System-Wide Configuration on Switch Stacks 5-16

Switch Stack Management Connectivity 5-16

Connectivity to the Switch Stack Through an IP Address 5-17

Connectivity to the Switch Stack Through an SSH Session 5-17

Connectivity to the Switch Stack Through Console Ports or Ethernet Management Ports 5-17

Connectivity to Specific Stack Members 5-18

Switch Stack Configuration Scenarios 5-18

Configuring the Switch Stack 5-20

Default Switch Stack Configuration 5-20

Enabling Persistent MAC Address 5-20

Assigning Stack Member Information 5-22

Assigning a Stack Member Number 5-22

Setting the Stack Member Priority Value 5-23

Provisioning a New Member for a Switch Stack 5-23

Accessing the CLI of a Specific Stack Member 5-25

Displaying Switch Stack Information 5-25

Troubleshooting Stacks 5-25

Manually Disabling a Stack Port 5-26

Re-Enabling a Stack Port While Another Member Starts 5-26

Understanding the show switch stack-ports summary Output 5-27

Identifying Loopback Problems 5-28

Software Loopback 5-28

Software Loopback Example: No Connected Stack Cable 5-29

Software Loopback Examples: Connected Stack Cables 5-29

Hardware Loopback 5-30

Contents

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Hardware Loopback Example: LINK OK event 5-30

Hardware Loop Example: LINK NOT OK Event 5-31

Finding a Disconnected Stack Cable 5-32

Fixing a Bad Connection Between Stack Ports 5-33

CHAPTER

6Clustering Switches 6-1

Understanding Switch Clusters 6-2

Cluster Command Switch Characteristics 6-3

Standby Cluster Command Switch Characteristics 6-3

Candidate Switch and Cluster Member Switch Characteristics 6-4

Planning a Switch Cluster 6-4

Automatic Discovery of Cluster Candidates and Members 6-5

Discovery Through CDP Hops 6-5

Discovery Through Non-CDP-Capable and Noncluster-Capable Devices 6-6

Discovery Through Different VLANs 6-7

Discovery Through Different Management VLANs 6-7

Discovery Through Routed Ports 6-8

Discovery of Newly Installed Switches 6-9

HSRP and Standby Cluster Command Switches 6-10

Virtual IP Addresses 6-11

Other Considerations for Cluster Standby Groups 6-11

Automatic Recovery of Cluster Configuration 6-12

IP Addresses 6-13

Hostnames 6-13

Passwords 6-14

SNMP Community Strings 6-14

Switch Clusters and Switch Stacks 6-14

TACACS+ and RADIUS 6-16

LRE Profiles 6-16

Using the CLI to Manage Switch Clusters 6-16

Catalyst 1900 and Catalyst 2820 CLI Considerations 6-17

Using SNMP to Manage Switch Clusters 6-17

CHAPTER

7Administering the Switch 7-1

Managing the System Time and Date 7-1

Understanding the System Clock 7-2

Understanding Network Time Protocol 7-2

Configuring NTP 7-4

Default NTP Configuration 7-4

Contents

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Configuring NTP Authentication 7-4

Configuring NTP Associations 7-5

Configuring NTP Broadcast Service 7-6

Configuring NTP Access Restrictions 7-8

Configuring the Source IP Address for NTP Packets 7-10

Displaying the NTP Configuration 7-11

Configuring Time and Date Manually 7-11

Setting the System Clock 7-11

Displaying the Time and Date Configuration 7-12

Configuring the Time Zone 7-12

Configuring Summer Time (Daylight Saving Time) 7-13

Configuring a System Name and Prompt 7-14

Default System Name and Prompt Configuration 7-15

Configuring a System Name 7-15

Understanding DNS 7-15

Default DNS Configuration 7-16

Setting Up DNS 7-16

Displaying the DNS Configuration 7-17

Creating a Banner 7-17

Default Banner Configuration 7-17

Configuring a Message-of-the-Day Login Banner 7-18

Configuring a Login Banner 7-19

Managing the MAC Address Table 7-19

Building the Address Table 7-20

MAC Addresses and VLANs 7-20

MAC Addresses and Switch Stacks 7-21

Default MAC Address Table Configuration 7-21

Changing the Address Aging Time 7-21

Removing Dynamic Address Entries 7-22

Configuring MAC Address Change Notification Traps 7-22

Configuring MAC Address Move Notification Traps 7-24

Configuring MAC Threshold Notification Traps 7-25

Adding and Removing Static Address Entries 7-27

Configuring Unicast MAC Address Filtering 7-28

Disabling MAC Address Learning on a VLAN 7-29

Displaying Address Table Entries 7-30

Managing the ARP Table 7-31

Contents

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CHAPTER

8Configuring SDM Templates 8-1

Understanding the SDM Templates 8-1

Dual IPv4 and IPv6 SDM Templates 8-2

SDM Templates and Switch Stacks 8-3

Configuring the Switch SDM Template 8-4

Default SDM Template 8-4

SDM Template Configuration Guidelines 8-4

Setting the SDM Template 8-5

Displaying the SDM Templates 8-6

CHAPTER

9Configuring Switch-Based Authentication 9-1

Preventing Unauthorized Access to Your Switch 9-1

Protecting Access to Privileged EXEC Commands 9-2

Default Password and Privilege Level Configuration 9-2

Setting or Changing a Static Enable Password 9-3

Protecting Enable and Enable Secret Passwords with Encryption 9-3

Disabling Password Recovery 9-5

Setting a Telnet Password for a Terminal Line 9-6

Configuring Username and Password Pairs 9-6

Configuring Multiple Privilege Levels 9-7

Setting the Privilege Level for a Command 9-8

Changing the Default Privilege Level for Lines 9-9

Logging into and Exiting a Privilege Level 9-9

Controlling Switch Access with TACACS+ 9-10

Understanding TACACS+ 9-10

TACACS+ Operation 9-12

Configuring TACACS+ 9-12

Default TACACS+ Configuration 9-13

Identifying the TACACS+ Server Host and Setting the Authentication Key 9-13

Configuring TACACS+ Login Authentication 9-14

Configuring TACACS+ Authorization for Privileged EXEC Access and Network Services 9-16

Starting TACACS+ Accounting 9-17

Displaying the TACACS+ Configuration 9-17

Controlling Switch Access with RADIUS 9-17

Understanding RADIUS 9-18

RADIUS Operation 9-19

RADIUS Change of Authorization 9-19

Change-of-Authorization Requests 9-20

CoA Request Response Code 9-21

Contents

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CoA Request Commands 9-23

Stacking Guidelines for Session Termination 9-25

Configuring RADIUS 9-26

Default RADIUS Configuration 9-27

Identifying the RADIUS Server Host 9-27

Configuring RADIUS Login Authentication 9-29

Defining AAA Server Groups 9-31

Configuring RADIUS Authorization for User Privileged Access and Network Services 9-33

Starting RADIUS Accounting 9-34

Establishing a Session with a Router if the AAA Server is Unreachable 9-34

Configuring Settings for All RADIUS Servers 9-35

Configuring the Switch to Use Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes 9-35

Configuring the Switch for Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Server Communication 9-37

Configuring CoA on the Switch 9-38

Monitoring and Troubleshooting CoA Functionality 9-39

Configuring RADIUS Server Load Balancing 9-39

Displaying the RADIUS Configuration 9-39

Controlling Switch Access with Kerberos 9-39

Understanding Kerberos 9-40

Kerberos Operation 9-42

Authenticating to a Boundary Switch 9-42

Obtaining a TGT from a KDC 9-42

Authenticating to Network Services 9-42

Configuring Kerberos 9-43

Configuring the Switch for Local Authentication and Authorization 9-43

Configuring the Switch for Secure Shell 9-45

Understanding SSH 9-45

SSH Servers, Integrated Clients, and Supported Versions 9-45

Limitations 9-46

Configuring SSH 9-46

Configuration Guidelines 9-46

Setting Up the Switch to Run SSH 9-46

Configuring the SSH Server 9-47

Displaying the SSH Configuration and Status 9-48

Configuring the Switch for Secure Socket Layer HTTP 9-49

Understanding Secure HTTP Servers and Clients 9-49

Certificate Authority Trustpoints 9-49

CipherSuites 9-51

Configuring Secure HTTP Servers and Clients 9-51

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