Elenco Electronics K-20 Benutzerhandbuch

NERVE TESTER KIT

MODEL K-20

Assembly and Instruction Manual

Elenco Electronics, Inc.

PARTS LIST

If you are a student, and any parts are missing or damaged, please see instructor or bookstore.

If you purchased this nerve tester kit from a distributor, catalog, etc., please contact Elenco Electronics

(address/phone/e-mail is at the back of this manual) for additional assistance, if needed.

Parts Verification

Before beginning the assembly process, familiarize yourself with the components and this instruction book.

Verify that all of the parts are present. This is best done by checking off each item in the box provided next to

the part in the parts list.

RESISTORS

Qty. Symbol Description Color Code Part #

1 R1 470W5% 1/4W yellow-violet-brown-gold 134700

1 R2 47kW5% 1/4W yellow-violet-orange-gold 154700

SEMICONDUCTORS

Qty. Symbol Description Part #

1 SCR1 SCR C106B 319106

1 D1 Diode LED red 350002

MISCELLANEOUS

Qty. Symbol Description Part #

1 T1 Transformer 442100

1 P1 Double Sided PC Board 510320

1 PC Board 518020

1 S1 Switch Push Button 540100

1 S2 Switch Slide 541102

1 Solder Roll 24” 551124

1 B1 Battery Snap 590098

2 Wire 9” 814920

1 H1 Wire 9” Bare 845000

-1-

Resistor Transistor

PARTS IDENTIFICATION

Battery Snap

LEDSwitches

SCR

Slide

Push Button

Transformer

IDENTIFYING RESISTOR VALUES

Use the following information as a guide in

properly identifying the value of resistors.

BANDS

12 Multiplier Tolerance

PC Board

Double Sided

PC Board

-2-

INTRODUCTION

Test your nerve with the Nerve Tester Kit. It takes a steady hand, should you touch the twisted wire with the

probe, a slight electrical shock will be felt. The shock is very weak and harmless. For the weak of heart or

“chickens” a switch removes the electrical shock and substitutes a Light Emitting Diode (LED) which lights up

when the probe touches the wire.

THEORY OF OPERATION

The circuit of the Nerve Tester is shown on page 6 of this manual. The circuit consists of two basic circuits. One

is the high voltage generator and the other the LED with its latch circuit. We shall study each circuit further.

THE LED CIRCUIT

Figure 1 shows the basic LED circuit. Note that the battery is placed in a

series circuit with resistor R1, the LED and the Silicon Controlled Rectifier

(SCR). The positive voltage of the battery is placed on the anode of the SCR.

The negative voltage is connected to the cathode. Under these conditions if

a positive voltage is placed on the gate of the SCR, even for a 1/1000 of a

second, the SCR will conduct current and keep conducting when the positive

voltage is removed from the gate. This will keep the LED lit until the voltage

is removed from the SCR. This is done by closing switch 1, which shorts out

the SCR. Resistors R1 and R2 are needed to limit the current in the LED and

SCR.

THE SHOCKER GENERATOR

Figure 2 shows the basic circuit used to produce the high voltage of the

shocker generator. The heart of this circuit is the transformer. We shall review

the operation of a transformer to understand the circuit.

A transformer has two or more windings around an iron core. If a changing

current is placed in one of the windings, it will appear in the other winding.

The voltage across the second winding will be the ratio of the turns of the

transformer. If the first winding has 100 turns and the second has 1,000 turns

(10:1 ratio) the secondary voltage will be 10 times the primary voltage. In our

transformer, the ratio is 30:1. Therefore, the 9V battery voltage will be

stepped up to 270V on the secondary.

The primary wire of the transformer is connected to the negative side of the battery. The positive side of the

battery is connected to the twisted wire. The other primary wire is connected to the probe. When the probe

touches the twisted wire, a DC current flows through the primary of the transformer. The secondary of the

transformer will only have voltage the instant the probe touches the twisted wire and the instant the probe leaves

the wire. Again, only when the current changes. Refer to Figure 3 and note that there are two voltage spikes

for each time the probe touches the twisted wire. This is because the current changes twice.

Note that the probe is double-sided copper with an insulation in between. One side is negative (ground), the

other side connects to the high voltage. Your hand touches both plates and therefore you feel the shock.

LED

Cathode

Gate

Anode

SCR

Wire

Probe

Figure 1

T1 S2 Wire

Probe

Figure 2

Figure 3

Current in

Primary

Voltage in

Secondary

+270

–270

Max

Zero

-3-

Introduction

The most important factor in assembling your K-20 Nerve Tester Kit is good soldering techniques. Using the

proper soldering iron is of prime importance. A small pencil type soldering iron of 25 - 40 watts is

recommended. The tip of the iron must be kept clean at all times and well tinned.

Safety Procedures

• Wear eye protection when soldering.

•

Locate soldering iron in an area where you do not have to go around it or reach over it.

•Do not hold solder in your mouth. Solder contains lead and is a toxic substance. Wash your hands

thoroughly after handling solder.

• Be sure that there is adequate ventilation present.

Assemble Components

In all of the following assembly steps, the components must be installed on the top side of the PC board unless

otherwise indicated. The top legend shows where each component goes. The leads pass through the

corresponding holes in the board and are soldered on the foil side.

Use only rosin core solder of 63/37 alloy.

DO NOT USE ACID CORE SOLDER!

CONSTRUCTION

Solder Soldering Iron

Foil

Solder

Soldering Iron

Foil

Component Lead

Soldering Iron

Circuit Board

Foil

Rosin

Soldering iron positioned

incorrectly.

Solder

Gap

Component Lead

Solder

Soldering Iron

Drag

Foil

1. Solder all components from

the copper foil side only.

Push the soldering iron tip

against both the lead and

the circuit board foil.

2. Apply a small amount of

solder to the iron tip. This

allows the heat to leave the

iron and onto the foil.

Immediately apply solder to

the opposite side of the

connection, away from the

iron. Allow the heated

component and the circuit

foil to melt the solder.

1. Insufficient heat - the

solder will not flow onto the

lead as shown.

3. Allow the solder to flow

around the connection.

Then, remove the solder

and the iron and let the

connection cool. The

solder should have flowed

smoothly and not lump

around the wire lead.

Here is what a good solder

connection looks like.

2. Insufficient solder - let the

solder flow over the

connection until it is

covered. Use just enough

solder to cover the

connection.

3. Excessive solder - could

make connections that you

did not intend to between

adjacent foil areas or

terminals.

4. Solder bridges - occur

when solder runs between

circuit paths and creates a

short circuit. This is usually

caused by using too much

solder. To correct this,

simply drag your soldering

iron across the solder

bridge as shown.

What Good Soldering Looks Like

A good solder connection should be bright, shiny,

smooth, and uniformly flowed over all surfaces.

Types of Poor Soldering Connections

-4-

ASSEMBLE COMPONENTS TO THE PC BOARD

P1 - Probe (see Figure A)

H1 - Twisted Wire (see Figure B)

B1 - Battery Snap

(see Figure C)

D1 - LED Red

(see Figure D)

S2 - SPDT Slide Switch

T1 - Transformer

Insert the transformer into the PC board

as shown. Solder the four leads into place

and cut off the excess leads.

R2 - 47kW5% 1/4W Resistor

(yellow-violet-orange-gold)

R1 - 470W5% 1/4W Resistor

(yellow-violet-brown-gold)

SCR1 - C106B SCR

(see Figure E)

S1 - Push Button Switch

Figure A

Assemble the probe (P1). Solder an excess

lead from the resistors to a side of the double

sided PC board. Leave 1/2 inch extending from

the end. Form a loop at the end of the wire.

Cut two 9 inch wires and strip 1/2 inch of

insulation off of both ends. Solder a wire to

each side of the double sided PC board. Insert

the other ends of the wires in the holes marked

P1. Solder and cut off the excess leads.

Figure B

Bend the 9” bare wire into the shape as shown

below. Insert one end of the wire into the PC

board, in the hole marked H1 and solder into

place.

Figure C

Insert the battery snap wire through the PC

board as shown. Then, insert the red wire

into the positive (+) hole and the black wire

into the negative (–) hole. Solder and cut off

the excess leads.

Figure D

Mount the LED with the flat side of its body

in the direction as marked on the top

legend. Leave 1/4” between the LED and

the surface of the PC board. Solder and cut

off the excess leads.

Figure E

Mount the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)

with the back side (metal backing) in the

same direction as the marking on the PC

board as shown.

Flat Side

1/4”

Back Side

PC Board

Marking

PC Board

Marking

COMPONENT CHECK

1. Be sure that all components have been mounted in their correct places.

2. Has the LED D1 been installed correctly? The flat side of its body should be in the hole as shown on the top

legend. If the LED is in backwards, it will not light.

3. Pay close attention to the red and black wires of the battery snap. The red wire should be installed in the

positive (+) hole and the black wire in the negative (–) hole. Snap in a fresh 9-volt battery.

OPERATING THE K-20

1. Grasp the probe so that you touch the copper on both sides of the probe.

2. Try to guide the loop along the wire. If the

loop touches the wire, you will receive a

mild shock or throw the slide switch S2

and the LED will light instead.

3. Push switch S1 to reset the LED.

TROUBLESHOOTING

Contact Elenco Electronics if you have any problems. DO NOT contact your place of purchase as they will not

be able to help you.

1. One of the most frequently occurring problems is poor solder connections. Tug slightly on all parts to make

sure that they are indeed soldered.

2. All solder connections should be shiny. Resolder any that are not.

3. Solder should flow into a smooth puddle rather than a round ball. Resolder any connection that has formed

into a ball.

4. Have any solder bridges formed? A solder bridge may occur if you accidentally touch an adjacent foil by

using too much solder or by dragging the soldering iron across adjacent foils. Break the bridge with your

soldering iron.

LED CIRCUIT REMEDY

LED - Move switch S2 into position A (shown on the top legend drawing in the assembly manual). Place a clip-

lead from the cathode lead of the LED (the lead on the flat side) to the negative terminal of the 9-volt battery.

The LED should light. If the LED does not light, the problem is with the LED or resistor R1. If the LED is

installed with the flat side in the correct direction and R1 is the correct value, then most likely the LED is at fault.

2. SCR - Move switch S2 into position A. Place a clip-lead from the gate (G) of the SCR to the positive

terminal of the battery. The LED should light even when the clip-lead is removed. If not, the problem

could be with S1, be sure that S1 is in the open position first. If you get no response, place a clip-

lead from the center lug to the position A lug of switch S2. If the circuit works now, the problem was

S2. If the circuit still does not work, the problem is the SCR.

SHOCKER GENERATOR REMEDY

1. TRANSFORMER - Be sure that the transformer is installed correctly, with the three lead side in the direction

as shown in the top legend drawing in this manual.

S2 - Place a clip-lead from the center lug to position B. If the shocker circuit now works, the problem is with S2.

-5-

CAG

-6-

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

QUIZ

1. The nerve tester produces a ______________ whenever the probe touches the twisted wire.

2. A “chicken” afraid of the shock will switch the nerve tester to the ______________ position.

3. The LED will light when a positive voltage touches the ___________ of the SCR.

4. Once the LED is lit, removing the probe from the twisted wire will turn off the LED. (true or false)

5. A transformer has ___________ or more windings.

6. A _______________ current in the primary winding will produce voltage in the ___________ winding.

7. The voltage in the secondary winding is equal to the primary voltage times the ratio of the ____________ in

the transformer.

8. The nerve tester produces about a ____________ volt spike for a very short time.

9. There are ___________ spikes of voltage every time the probe touches the twisted wire.

10. The probe has ___________ sides of copper between an insulator.

Answers: 1. shock; 2. LED; 3. gate; 4. false; 5. two; 6. DC, secondary; 7. turns; 8. 270; 9. two; 10. two

470W

47kW

S2 S1

LED

C106B

SCR1

Probe

Elenco Electronics, Inc.

150 W. Carpenter Avenue

Wheeling, IL 60090

(847) 541-3800

http://www.elenco.com

e-mail: elenco@elenco.com

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