GKB VFDS Leitfaden
VFDS™ (Video Fire Detection System)
System Design Manual
V3.1 English
GKB SECURITY CORPORTATION
Index
Chapter 1
Introduction of VFDS™...................................................1
1.1 VFDS™ specifications and functions..............................................................2
1.2 VFDS™ system components...........................................................................2
Chapter 2
VFDS™ system design .....................................................3
2.1 System protection target setup.........................................................................4
2.2 Detection environment investigation...............................................................5
2.3 Hazards analysis and scenario Design Considerations setup...........................7
2.4 Detection time definition ...............................................................................10
2.5 Hazard Detection Definition..........................................................................11
2.6 Fire / smoke detected definition.....................................................................12
2.7 Detection coverage definition........................................................................14
2.8 Camera setup and parameter setup ................................................................22
Appendix 1 Design example.....................................................................1
Appendix 2 VFDS™ Test on UL268........................................................6
1
Chapter 1 Introduction of VFDS
™
VFDS™ (Video Fire Detection System) is an intelligent video system which is able to
recognize fire and smoke through analyzing video signals and send alarm accordingly.
VFDS™ server takes CCTV cameras or other compatible devices video images and
analyzes whether there is smoke or fire, triggering visual or aural alarm. The system
functions as VFDS™ Console structure hereafter. VFDS™ server is capable of processing
8-channel videos at the same time to perform early stage fire and smoke detection. In
comparison with traditional fire detectors, the VFDS™ provides many extra advantages:
1. Early stage alarm
VFDS™ may prevents serious damage and millions of lost by recognizing fire and
smoke at an early stage. VFDS™ detects both flame and smoke, covering different
types of fire formations no matter whether the flame or smoke starts first.
2. Wide coverage
The detection coverage equals to the visual footprint of the selected camera.
3. Cost efficient
One VFDS can take place of many conventional detectors with its wide coverage.
Whenever the hazard is monitored by a camera, it’s under detection.
4. Easy operation and maintenance
Easy operate GUI (graphic user interface) in main screen. As long as the video is
clear, it doesn’t require maintenance.
5. In time alarm verification - verify the alarm immediately through videos.
2
1.1 VFDS™ specifications and functions
Video Input: One VFDS™ server accommodates maximum eight CCTV Cameras
Effective detection image pixel: 320 × 240 (NTSC、PAL)
Occurrences For Detecting: Flame and, Smoke
Smoke alarm detection time: Within 20 seconds (refer to *1)
Fire alarm detection time：Within 20 seconds (refer to *2)
Detection territory：Please refer to Chapter 2.7
Programmable detection / none-detection areas
Different detection modes configuration
Alarm Output: VFDS™ window alarm, sound alarm, video recording, digital signal
output and dry contact point output (alarm box) and mobile text message
Processing log and alarm videos playback
Video loss alarm
* 1 - Under MIC instrument measures Smoke Density > 0.3 and smoke color is different
from the background
* 2 - Fire color is different from the background
1.2 VFDS™ system components
Analogue security cameras (note)
Indoor / Outdoor (Day / Night camera)：CHQ-8986WTM(8)
Outdoor (Day / Night camera)：CHQ-8917DVFP(C)
Indoor (Day / Night camera): CHQ-8939DVF
VFDS™ Server
VA-103, 8-channel video stabilizer
Alarm box (optional)
Mobile text sender (optional)
3
Chapter 2 VFDS™ system design
VFDS™ is the system detects fire and smoke with videos from the cameras. Security
cameras are the detectors in this system. This chapter describes how to choose, install and
adjust cameras as detectors to cover the required protecting area; design flow chat as follows.
Set protection areas
Investigate field space,
Illumination conditions
Fire hazard analysis and set
fire scenario
Decide VFDS™reaction time
Define and estimate fire
detection limit
Calculate the height of flame
and smoke
Calculate camera coverage
Camera fine adjustment and
parameters setting
Does the setting cover the
target area?
NO
YES
Finished
Decide the detection coverage
Change camera
arrangement
4
2.1 System protection target setup
Position the protection target
VFDS™ provides faster alarm compared to traditional smoke detectors. VFDS™ provides
detection to special environment such as high-ceiling hall or wide open space. Define the
protection area where usually is high risk. Please refer to Pic. 2.1-1. Generally, VFDS™
system designers position the system as the early stage alarm system for high risk areas.
VFDS provides wide detection coverage and easy installation.
Picture 2.1-1 Position of VFDS™ in fire alarm
Time
Heat release rate (kw)
5
2.2 Detection environment investigation
VFDS™ designers have to collect the field environment as below.
Field scale (length, width, height)
Field scale is the area that VFDS™ system applies detection to. In order to setup the
VFDS™ system components correctly, designers have to measure the field dimensions,
including length, width, height, special characteristics and so on.
Field illumination condition
VFDS™ requires a minimum luminosity of 70 Lux in the detected area in day time color
mode detection. Field illumination condition affects smoke detection function and becomes a
basic factor when designing VFDS™ system. The best interior lighting source is normal
white light (fluorescent light). 70 Lux as an average illumination condition is strongly
recommended. (Normal Brightness for normal industrial environment is 250~300 Lux).
Illumination is the brightness level of object, and unit measure is Lux. (Averagely each
square meter with one lux light on is defined as 1Lux)
Field illumination control
There are specific cameras for VFDS™to achieve precious detection and minimize the
possibility of false alarm
.
Indoor / Outdoor (Day/night): CHQ-8986WTM(8) -> No infrared light built-in.
Outdoor (Day/night): CHQ-8917DVFP(C) -> Infrared light built-in
Indoor (Day /Night): CHQ-8939DVF -> Infrared light built-in
If interior illumination is stable without illumination changes, it is not necessary to choose
the camera with Infrared light. VFDS™ is working as color detection mode then.
VFDS™ will turn to monochrome detection mode in low illumination environment. The
camera will need to be equipped with infrared light or extra infrared illumination device is
required.
Outdoor environment is changeable where requires Auto-iris lens for the cameras. In order to
Luminance source
luminous flux-
Integrating Spheres
luminous intensity-
Photometer
Luminance-
luminance meter
(cd/m
2
)
Luminous Emittance
(lm/cm2)
Luminance (Lux) -
L
uminance
meter
Eye
Reflector
6
perform detection at night, the cameras with night vision should be chosen.
（IR illuminator or
halogen lamp is required for night vision. IR emission distance should be suitable for the
environment.）Different environments will affect night vision, such as cement wall, cement
ground, green plant which could absorb IR light source. The IR range chosen should be
longer than the real hazard Detection distance. For example, for 15 meter IR range needed in
setting environment, 30meter IR range camera should be chosen, in case environment absorb
light or light spread.）
Field background color
VFDS™ system bases on the image processing to detect fire and smoke. When the
background color is similar color to the possible flame or smoke hazard, it may effect
VFDS™ detection. For example: in figure 2.2 below, the color of the surrounding detection
environment is black and gray, in a hazard that produces black smoke, the smoke detection
will be effected. Normally, white smoke is much easy to be detected than black smoke, so
please be mindful when designing and recommending VFDS™ systems and where possible
ensure a contrast between the surroundings and the possible fire properties of the specific
flammable product.
(a) Color background (Suggest) (b) Black & gray background (Not suggest)
Picture 2.2-1Suggest for space color
7
2.3 Hazards analysis and scenario Design Considerations setup
Fire is the output of three factors combination; a combustible product, ignition factor and
oxygen. VFDS™ system designer / installer must analyze the possible combustible materials
and possible resultant in the environment; also refer to fire case study to formulate the Fire
Scenario as a system design base.
Combustible material analysis
Investigate the possible combustible materials in the environment. The various classes of
combustibles are listed as below
Normal solid combustibles: Such as wooden products, fibers, wool textile, papers and
rubbers, which usually cause construction fire.
Liquid combustibles: Such as flammable fuel - petrol, gas, diesel, carbinol, methyl
alcohol, ethyl；or flammable gaseous matter - ethane and ethine；or flammable triolein -
such as paint materials, asphaltum, paraffin and ect.
Electrically energized equipment: Such as electronics equipments, power transformer,
cables, power panel and etc.
Flammable active metal: Such as magnesium, natrium, potassium and their alloy.
Ignition Sources factor analysis
Investigate possible ignition sources in the environment. Some possible ignition sources
are as follows
Energized electrical sources include short circuit, terminal melting, overload, bad
contact, heater, old harness and etc.
Mechanical factor: friction, strike, mechanism malfunction, boiler heat and etc.
Others: welding, static electronics, cigarette stub, arson, flashing lightening, chemical
reaction
List the possible fire hazards as a consequence of your site survey, which shall consider the
issues raised above and take the worst case as the possible Fire Scenario. Usually VFDS™
system designers could take the fire properties of the fastest burning combustibles in the
environment and design the detection parameters based on this possible event.
Different flammable materials have different fire properties including the fires growth rate
and Heat Release Rate. US NFPA defines different fire growth rates as Ultra-fast、Fast、
Medium and Slow; so called as T-Squared Fires curve as Picture 2.3-1 illustrates. The
system designer is able to define the fire growth rate by choosing the combustibles reference
table as Pic. 2.3-1 and table 2.3-1. Process section 2.5 and 2.6 to calculate proper Heat
8
Release Rate for the target system
Detect smoke? Detect fire? Detect both?
VFDS is capable of both fire and smoke recognition. The system designer is able to
decide whether to detect smoke or fire or both according to the combustibles variables.
Pic. 2.3-1 T-Squared Fires Curve
Different fire source growth pattern and similarity material table as Table 2.3-1
Fire material type Growth rate
Wood pallets, stacked 1.5 ft ( ? meters) high (6-12% moisture) Medium - Fast
Wood pallets, stacked 10 ft ( meters) high (6-12% moisture) Fast
Wood pallets, stacked 16 ft high ( Meters) (6-12% moisture) Fast
Mail bags, filled, stored 5 ft high ( meters) Fast
Cartons on pallets, rack storage, 15-30 ft high Medium - Fast
Cotton (also PE, PE/Cot, Acrylic/Nylon/PE), garments in 12-ft
high rack Medium - Slow
PE letter trays, filled, stacked 5 ft high on cart Fast
Paper products, densely packed in cartons, rack storage, 20 ft high
Medium - Slow
Paper, vertical rolls, stacked 20 ft high Slow
PE pallets, stacked 3 ft high Fast
PU mattress, single, horizontal Fast
Methyl alcohol Ultra-fast
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