HP 48GII Bedienungsanleitung

hp 48gII

graphing calculator

user’s manual

Preface

You have in your hands a compact symbolic and numerical computer that will

facilitate calculation and mathematical analysis of problems in a variety of

disciplines, from elementary mathematics to advanced engineering and

science subjects.

The present Guide contains examples that illustrate the use of the basic

calculator functions and operations. The chapters in this user's manual are

organized by subject in order of difficulty: from the setting of calculator modes,

to real and complex number calculations, operations with lists, vectors, and

matrices, graphics, calculus applications, vector analysis, differential

equations, probability and statistics.

For symbolic operations the calculator includes a powerful Computer

Algebraic System (CAS), which lets you select different modes of operation,

e.g., complex numbers vs. real numbers, or exact (symbolic) vs. approximate

(numerical) mode. The display can be adjusted to provide textbook-type

expressions, which can be useful when working with matrices, vectors,

fractions, summations, derivatives, and integrals. The high-speed graphics of

the calculator are very convenient for producing complex figures in very little

time.

Thanks to the infrared port and the RS232 cable available with your

calculator, you can connect your calculator with other calculators or

computers. The high-speed connection through infrared or RS232 allows the

fast and efficient exchange of programs and data with other calculators or

computers.

We hope your calculator will become a faithful companion for your school

and professional applications. This calculator is, without any doubt, the top of

the line for hand-held calculating devices.

Page TOC-1

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 – Getting Started, 1-1

Basic Operations, 1-1

Batteries, 1-1

Turning the calculator on and off, 1-2

Adjusting the display contrast, 1-2

Contents of the calculator’s display, 1-2

Menus,1-3

The TOOL menu, 1-3

Setting time and date, 1-3

Introducing the calculator’s keyboard, 1-4

Selecting calculator modes, 1-6

Operating mode, 1-7

Number Format and decimal dot or comma, 1-10

Standard format, 1-11

Fixed format with decimals, 1-11

Scientific format, 1-12

Engineering format, 1-13

Decimal comma vs. decimal point, 1-14

Angle Measure, 1-14

Coordinate System, 1-15

Selecting CAS settings, 1-16

Explanation of CAS settings, 1-16

Selecting Display modes,1-17

Selecting the display font, 1-18

Selecting properties of the line editor, 1-19

Selecting properties of the Stack, 1-20

Selecting properties of the equation writer (EQW), 1-21

References, 1-21

Chapter 2 – Introducing the calculator, 2-1

Calculator objects, 2-1

Editing expressions in the stack, 2-1

Creating arithmetic expressions, 2-1

Page TOC-2

Creating algebraic expressions, 2-4

Using the Equation Writer (EQW) to create expressions, 2-5

Creating arithmetic expressions, 2-5

Creating algebraic expressions, 2-8

Organizing data in the calculator, 2-9

TheHOMEdirectory,2-9

Subdirectories, 2-9

Variables, 2-10

Typing variable names, 2-10

Creating variables, 2-11

Algebraic mode, 2-11

RPNmode,2-13

Checking variables contents, 2-14

Algebraic mode, 2-14

RPN mode, 2-14

Using the right-shift key

‚

followed by soft menu

keylabels,2-15

Listing the contents of all variables in the screen, 2-15

Deleting variables, 2-16

Using function PURGE in the stack in Algebraic mode, 2-16

Using function PURGE in the stack in RPN mode, 2-16

UNDO and CMD functions, 2-17

CHOOSE boxes vs. Soft MENU, 2-17

References, 2-20

Chapter 3 – Calculations with real numbers, 3-1

Examples of real number calculations, 3-1

Using power of 10 in entering data, 3-4

Real number functions in the MTH menu, 3-6

Usingcalculatormenus,3-6

Hyperbolic functions and their inverses, 3-6

Operations with units, 3-8

TheUNITSmenu,3-8

Available units, 3-10

Attaching units to numbers, 3-11

Unit prefixes, 3-11

Page TOC-3

Operations with units, 3-12

Unit conversions, 3-14

Physical constants in the calculator, 3-14

Defining and using functions, 3-16

Reference, 3-18

Chapter 4 – Calculations with complex numbers, 4-1

Definitions, 4-1

Setting the calculator to COMPLEX mode, 4-1

Entering complex numbers, 4-2

Polar representation of a complex number, 4-2

Simple operations with complex numbers, 4-3

The CMPLX menus, 4-4

CMPLX menu through the MTH menu, 4-4

CMPLX menu in the keyboard, 4-5

Functions applied to complex numbers, 4-6

Function DROITE: equation of a straight line, 4-6

Reference, 4-7

Chapter 5 – Algebraic and arithmetic operations, 5-1

Entering algebraic objects, 5-1

Simple operations with algebraic objects, 5-2

Functions in the ALG menu, 5-4

Operations with transcendental functions, 5-6

Expansion and factoring using log-exp functions, 5-6

Expansion and factoring using trigonometric functions, 5-6

Functions in the ARITHMETIC menu, 5-7

Polynomials, 5-8

The HORNER function, 5-8

The variable VX, 5-9

The PCOEF function, 5-9

The PROOT function, 5-9

The QUOTIENT and REMAINDER functions, 5-9

ThePEVALfunction,5-10

Fractions, 5-10

The SIMP2 function, 5-10

Page TOC-4

The PROPFRAC function, 5-11

The PARTFRAC function, 5-11

The FCOEF function, 5-11

The FROOTS function, 5-12

Step-by-step operations with polynomials and fractions, 5-12

Reference, 5-13

Chapter 6 – Solution to equations, 6-1

Symbolic solution of algebraic equations, 6-1

Function ISOL, 6-1

Function SOLVE, 6-2

Function SOLVEVX, 6-4

FunctionZEROS,6-4

Numerical solver menu, 6-5

PolynomialEquations,6-6

Finding the solution to a polynomial equation, 6-6

Generating polynomial coefficients given the

polynomial’s roots, 6-7

Generating an algebraic expression for the polynomial, 6-8

Financial calculations, 6-9

Solving equations with one unknown through NUM.SLV, 6-9

Function STEQ, 6-9

Solution to simultaneous equations with MSLV, 6-11

Reference, 6-12

Chapter 7 – Operations with lists, 7-1

Creating and storing lists, 7-1

Operations with lists of numbers, 7-1

Changing sign, 7-1

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, 7-2

Functions applied to lists, 7-3

Lists of complex numbers, 7-4

Lists of algebraic objects, 7-4

The MTH/LIST menu, 7-4

Page TOC-5

The SEQ function, 7-6

The MAP function, 7-6

Reference, 7-6

Chapter 8 – Vectors, 8-1

Entering vectors, 8-1

Typing vectors in the stack, 8-1

Storing vectors into variables in the stack, 8-2

Using the matrix writer (MTRW) to enter vectors, 8-2

Simple operations with vectors, 8-5

Changing sign, 8-5

Addition, subtraction, 8-5

Multiplication by a scalar, and division by a scalar, 8-6

Absolute value function, 8-6

The MTH/VECTOR menu, 8-7

Magnitude,8-7

Dot product, 8-7

Cross product, 8-8

Reference, 8-8

Chapter 9 – Matrices and linear algebra, 9-1

Entering matrices in the stack, 9-1

Using the matrix editor, 9-1

Typing the matrix directly into the stack, 9-2

Operations with matrices, 9-3

Addition and subtraction, 9-3

Multiplication, 9-4

Multiplication by a scalar, 9-4

Matrix-vector multiplication, 9-4

Matrix multiplication, 9-5

Term-by-term multiplication, 9-5

The identity matrix, 9-6

The inverse matrix, 9-6

Characterizing a matrix (The matrix NORM menu), 9-7

FunctionDET,9-7

Page TOC-6

Function TRACE, 9-7

Solution of linear systems, 9-7

Using the numerical solver for linear systems, 9-8

Solution with the inverse matrix, 9-10

Solution by “division” of matrices, 9-10

References, 9-10

Chapter 10 – Graphics, 10-1

Graphs options in the calculator, 10-1

Plotting an expression of the form y = f(x), 10-2

Generating a table of values for a function, 10-3

Fast 3D plots, 10-5

Reference, 10-8

Chapter 11 – Calculus Applications, 11-1

The CALC (Calculus) menu, 11-1

Limits and derivatives, 11-1

Functionlim,11-1

Functions DERIV and DERVX, 11-2

Anti-derivatives and integrals, 11-3

Functions INT, INTVX, RISCH, SIGMA and SIGMAVX, 11-3

Definite integrals, 11-4

Infinite series, 11-5

Functions TAYLR, TAYLR0, and SERIES, 11-5

Reference, 11-7

Chapter 12 – Multi-variate Calculus Applications, 12-1

Partial derivatives, 12-1

Multiple integrals, 12-2

Reference, 12-2

Chapter 13 – Vector Analysis Applications, 13-1

The del operator, 13-1

Gradient, 13-1

Divergence, 13-2

Page TOC-7

Curl, 13-2

Reference, 13-2

Chapter 14 – Differential Equations, 14-1

The CALC/DIFF menu, 14-1

Solution to linear and non-linear equations, 14-1

Function LDEC, 14-2

Function DESOLVE, 14-3

The variable ODETYPE, 14-4

Laplace Transforms, 14-5

Laplace transforms and inverses in the calculator, 14-5

Fourier series, 14-6

FunctionFOURIER,14-6

Fourier series for a quadratic function, 14-6

Reference, 14-8

Chapter 15 – Probability Distributions, 15-1

The MTH/PROBABILITY.. sub-menu – part 1, 15-1

Factorials, combinations, and permutations, 15-1

Random numbers, 15-2

The MTH/PROB menu – part 2, 15-3

The Normal distribution, 15-3

The Student-t distribution, 15-4

The Chi-square distribution, 15-4

The F distribution, 15-4

Reference, 15-4

Chapter 16 – Statistical Applications, 16-1

Entering data, 16-1

Calculating single-variable statistics, 16-1

Obtaining frequency distributions, 16-3

Fitting data to a function y = f(x), 16-4

Obtaining additional summary statistics, 16-6

Confidence intervals, 16-7

Hypothesis testing, 16-9

Reference, 16-11

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