Intel 480T Bedienungsanleitung

A14542-001

100044-00 Rev 01

Intel®NetStructure™480T Routing Switch User Guide

Intel®NetStructure™

480T Routing Switch

User Guide

Intel Corporation, 5200 NE Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro OR 97124-6497

Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this manual. Nor does Intel make any commitment to update the

information contained herein.

* Other product and corporate names may be trademarks of other companies and are used only for explanation and

to the owners’ benefit, without intent to infringe.

First Edition May 2000 A14542-001

Year 2000 Capable

An Intel® product, when used in accordance with its associated documentation, is "Year 2000 Capable" when, upon

installation, it accurately stores, displays, processes, provides, and/or receives date data from, into, and between 1999

and 2000, and the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including leap year calculations, provided that all other

technology used in combination with said product properly exchanges date data with it. Intel makes no representation

about individual components within the product should they be used independently from the product as a whole.

Contents

Introduction................................................................. 11

Conventions ................................................................ 12

Related Publications ................................................... 13

Chapter 1 Overview 15

Summary of Features.................................................. 15

Media Types and Distances .................................. 17

Full-Duplex Support ............................................. 18

Virtual LANs (VLANs)........................................ 18

Spanning Tree* Protocol (STP)............................ 19

Quality of Service (QoS) ...................................... 19

Unicast Routing .................................................... 19

IP Multicast Routing............................................. 20

Load Sharing......................................................... 20

Software Licensing ..................................................... 20

Router Licensing................................................... 20

480T Switch Front View............................................. 22

480T Switch Rear View.............................................. 23

AC Connector ....................................................... 23

Serial Number....................................................... 23

Console Port.......................................................... 23

Management Port.................................................. 24

MAC Address ....................................................... 24

Switch LEDs............................................................... 24

Software Factory Defaults .......................................... 26

Chapter 2 Installation and Setup 29

Following Safety Information..................................... 29

Determining the Switch Location............................... 29

Installing the Switch ................................................... 30

Rack Mounting ..................................................... 30

Free-Standing........................................................ 31

Connecting Equipment to the Console Port................ 32

Powering On the Switch ............................................. 32

Checking the Installation ............................................ 32

Table of Contents

Logging In for the First Time ..................................... 33

Installing the Gigabit Interface Connector (GBIC) .... 34

Chapter 3 Accessing the Switch 35

Understanding the Command Syntax ......................... 36

Syntax Helper ....................................................... 36

Command Completion with Syntax Helper.......... 37

Abbreviated Syntax............................................... 37

Command Shortcuts.............................................. 37

Numerical Ranges................................................. 37

Names ................................................................... 38

Symbols ................................................................ 38

Line-Editing Keys....................................................... 39

Command History....................................................... 40

Common Commands .................................................. 40

Configuring Management Access............................... 44

Default Accounts .................................................. 46

Creating a Management Account ......................... 47

Methods of Managing the Switch............................... 48

Using the Console Interface.................................. 48

Using Access Profiles ................................................. 49

Creating an Access Profile.................................... 49

Access Profile Rules ............................................. 51

Using Telnet................................................................ 51

Connecting to Another Host Using Telnet ........... 52

Configuring Switch IP Parameters ....................... 52

Disconnecting a Telnet Session ............................ 55

Controlling Telnet Access .................................... 55

RADIUS*Client ......................................................... 56

Per-Command Authentication Using RADIUS.... 56

Configuring RADIUS Client ................................ 56

RADIUS RFC 2138 Attributes............................. 59

IP Host Configuration Commands.............................. 60

Domain Name Service Client Services....................... 61

Using the Simple Network Time Protocol.................. 62

Configuring and Using SNTP............................... 63

SNTP Configuration Commands.......................... 67

SNTP Example ..................................................... 68

Table of Contents

Using Web Device Manager....................................... 68

Controlling Web Access ....................................... 68

Using SNMP............................................................... 69

Accessing Switch Agents...................................... 69

Supported MIBs.................................................... 70

Configuring SNMP Settings ................................. 70

Displaying SNMP Settings ................................... 72

Resetting and Disabling SNMP ............................ 73

Checking Basic Connectivity...................................... 73

Ping ....................................................................... 74

Traceroute ............................................................. 74

Chapter 4 Configuring Switch Ports 75

Enabling and Disabling Ports ..................................... 75

Configuring Port Speed and Duplex Setting............... 76

Turning Off Autonegotiation for a Gigabit

Ethernet Port ......................................................... 76

Port Commands........................................................... 77

Jumbo Frames............................................................. 80

Enabling Jumbo Frames........................................ 80

Load Sharing............................................................... 80

Load Sharing Algorithms...................................... 81

Configuring Load Sharing .................................... 82

Load-Sharing Example ......................................... 82

Verifying the Load Sharing Configuration........... 83

Port-Mirroring............................................................. 83

Port-Mirroring Commands ................................... 84

Port-Mirroring Example ....................................... 84

Enterprise Discovery Protocol.................................... 85

EDP Commands.................................................... 85

Chapter 5 Virtual LANs (VLANs) 87

Overview of Virtual LANs ......................................... 87

Benefits ................................................................. 87

Types of VLANs......................................................... 88

Port-Based VLANs............................................... 88

Tagged VLANs..................................................... 91

Protocol-Based VLANs ........................................ 94

Table of Contents

Precedence of Tagged Packets Over Protocol

Filters .................................................................... 97

VLAN Names ............................................................. 97

Default VLAN ...................................................... 98

Configuring VLANs on the Switch ............................ 98

VLAN Configuration Examples ......................... 100

Displaying VLAN Settings....................................... 101

Deleting VLANs....................................................... 102

Generic VLAN Registration Protocol....................... 103

GVRP and Spanning Tree*Domains.................. 104

GVRP Commands............................................... 104

MAC-Based VLANs................................................. 105

MAC-Based VLAN Guidelines.......................... 106

MAC-Based VLAN Limitations......................... 107

MAC-Based VLAN Commands......................... 107

MAC-Based VLAN Example............................. 108

Timed Configuration Download for MAC-Based

VLANs................................................................ 108

Chapter 6 Forwarding Database (FDB) 111

Overview of the FDB................................................ 111

FDB Contents ..................................................... 111

FDB Entry Types................................................ 111

How FDB Entries Get Added ............................. 113

Associating a QoS Profile with an FDB Entry ... 113

Configuring FDB Entries.......................................... 113

FDB Configuration Examples ............................ 114

Displaying FDB Entries............................................ 115

Removing FDB Entries............................................. 116

Chapter 7 Spanning Tree* Protocol (STP) 117

Overview of the Spanning Tree Protocol ................. 117

Spanning Tree Domains............................................ 118

STPD Status for GVRP-Added Ports ................. 118

Defaults............................................................... 119

STP Configurations................................................... 119

Configuring STP on the Switch................................ 122

STP Configuration Example............................... 124

Table of Contents

Displaying STP Settings ........................................... 125

Disabling and Resetting STP .................................... 125

Chapter 8 Quality of Service (QoS) 127

Overview of Policy-Based Quality of Service.......... 127

Performance Impact............................................ 128

Building Blocks ........................................................ 128

QoS Profiles.............................................................. 129

Modifying a QoS Profile..................................... 131

Applications and Types of QoS.......................... 131

Traffic Groupings and Creating a QoS Policy.......... 133

IP-Based Traffic Groupings................................ 134

MAC-Based Traffic Groupings .......................... 135

Explicit Class of Service (802.1p and

Differentiated Services) Traffic Groupings ........ 137

Configuring DiffServ.......................................... 141

Physical and logical groupings ........................... 145

Verifying Configuration and Performance ............... 146

Displaying QoS Information............................... 146

QoS Monitor ....................................................... 146

Modifying a QoS Policy ........................................... 148

Configuring QoS....................................................... 148

Chapter 9 Enterprise Standby Router

Protocol 151

Overview................................................................... 151

ESRP-Aware Switches ....................................... 152

ESRP Basics ............................................................. 152

Determining the ESRP Master.................................. 153

ESRP Election Algorithms ................................. 154

Master Switch Behavior...................................... 155

Standby Switch Behavior.................................... 155

Electing the Master Switch................................. 155

Failover Time...................................................... 155

Configuring ESRP and Multinetting......................... 156

ESRP and VLAN aggregation .................................. 156

ESRP Commands...................................................... 157

Table of Contents

ESRP Examples .................................................. 159

Displaying ESRP Information .................................. 163

Chapter 10 IP Unicast Routing 165

Overview of IP Unicast Routing............................... 165

Router Interfaces................................................. 166

Populating the Routing Table ............................. 167

Proxy ARP ................................................................ 169

ARP-Incapable Devices...................................... 169

Proxy ARP Between Subnets ............................. 169

Relative Route Priorities........................................... 170

IP Multinetting.......................................................... 171

IP Multinetting Operation................................... 172

IP Multinetting Examples ................................... 173

Configuring IP Unicast Routing ............................... 175

Verifying the IP Unicast Routing Configuration 175

VLAN Aggregation .................................................. 176

VLAN Aggregation Properties ........................... 177

VLAN Aggregation Limitations......................... 178

Isolation Option for Communication Between

Sub-VLANs ........................................................ 178

VLAN Aggregation Commands ......................... 179

VLAN Aggregation Example ............................. 179

Verifying the VLAN Aggregation

Configuration...................................................... 180

Configuring DHCP/BOOTP Relay........................... 180

Verifying the DHCP/BOOTP Relay

Configuration...................................................... 181

UDP-Forwarding ...................................................... 181

Configuring UDP-Forwarding............................ 182

UPD-Forwarding Example ................................. 182

ICMP Packet Processing..................................... 182

UDP-Forwarding Commands ............................. 183

IP Commands............................................................ 184

Routing Configuration Example............................... 191

Displaying Router Settings ....................................... 193

Resetting and Disabling Router Settings .................. 194

Table of Contents

Chapter 11 RIP and OSPF 197

Overview................................................................... 197

RIP Versus OSPF................................................ 198

Overview of RIP ....................................................... 199

Routing Table ..................................................... 199

Split Horizon....................................................... 200

Poison Reverse.................................................... 200

Triggered Updates............................................... 200

Route Advertisement of VLANs ........................ 200

RIP Version 1 Versus RIP Version 2.................. 200

Overview of OSPF.................................................... 201

Link-State Database............................................ 201

Areas ................................................................... 202

Route Re-Distribution............................................... 206

Configuring Route Re-Distribution .................... 206

OSPF Timers and Authentication....................... 208

Configuring RIP........................................................ 208

RIP Configuration Example...................................... 212

Displaying RIP Settings............................................ 214

Resetting and Disabling RIP..................................... 215

Configuring OSPF .................................................... 216

OSPF Configuration Example .................................. 220

Configuration for ABR1 ..................................... 222

Configuration for IR1 ......................................... 223

Displaying OSPF Settings ........................................ 223

Resetting and Disabling OSPF Settings.................... 224

Chapter 12 IP Multicast Routing 227

Overview................................................................... 227

DVMRP Overview ............................................. 228

PIM-DM Overview............................................. 228

IGMP Overview.................................................. 229

Configuring IP Multicasting Routing ....................... 230

Configuration Example............................................. 234

Configuration for IR1 ......................................... 235

Displaying IP Multicast Routing Settings ................ 235

Deleting and Resetting IP Multicast Settings ..... 236

Table of Contents

Chapter 13 IPX*Routing 237

Overview of IPX*..................................................... 237

Router Interfaces................................................. 237

IPX Encapsulation Types.................................... 239

Populating the Routing Table ............................. 239

IPX/RIP Routing....................................................... 240

Routing SAP Advertisements ............................. 241

Configuring IPX ....................................................... 241

Verifying IPX Router Configuration .................. 242

Protocol-Based VLANs for IPX......................... 243

IPX Commands......................................................... 244

IPX Configuration Example ..................................... 248

Displaying IPX Settings............................................ 249

Resetting and Disabling IPX..................................... 250

Chapter 14 Access Policies 253

Overview of Access Policies .................................... 253

Access Lists ........................................................ 253

Routing Access Policies...................................... 254

Using IP Access Lists ............................................... 254

The established Keyword.................................... 256

Adding and Deleting Access List Entries........... 256

Access Lists for ICMP........................................ 256

Verifying Access List Configurations ................ 257

Access List Commands....................................... 258

Using Routing Access Policies................................. 262

Creating an Access Profile.................................. 262

Configuring an Access Profile............................ 262

Applying Access Profiles.................................... 263

Routing Access Policies for RIP......................... 263

Routing Access Policies for OSPF ..................... 265

Routing Access Policies for DVMRP................. 267

Routing Access Policies for PIM-DM................ 268

Making Changes to a Routing Access Policy Access

Profile........................................................................ 269

Removing a Routing Access Policy.......................... 269

Routing Access Policy Commands........................... 270

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