Megger BM11D Bedienungsanleitung

5kV Digital Insulation Testers

MEGGER®BM11D

MEGGER®BM21

User Guide

Guide de l’utilisateur

Gebrauchsanleitung

Guía del usuario

MEGGER®

BM11D/21 Front Cover 1/6/00 10:58 am Page 1

Safety Warnings 3

General Description 4

Features and Controls 5 - 6

Operation

Instrument Controls 7 - 8

Features 8

Testing Procedures 9

Battery 9 - 10

Guard Terminal 10 -11

Condition and Warning Indicators 11 -12

Application Notes

Preventive Maintenance 13

Insulation Testing Techniques 14

Short Time or Spot Test 15

Polarization Index (PI) Test 15

Stress Conditions 16

Specification 17 -19

Accessories 20

Repair and Warranty 21

Guide Utilisateur 22 - 37

Betriebsanleitung 38 - 53

Guîa del Usuario 54 - 69

Contents

Symbols used on the instrument are:

Caution: Refer to accompanying notes.

Risk of electric shock.

Equipment protected throughout by Double

Insulation (Class II).

Equipment complies with EU Directives

BM11D/21 Contents 1/6/00 11:00 am Page 1

SAFETY WARNINGS

•The circuit under test must be switched off, de-energised and isolated before insulation test connections

are made.

•Circuit connections must not be touched during an insulation test.

•After insulation tests, capacitive circuits must be discharged before disconnecting the test leads.

•Turning the instrument off, and manually discharging of circuits on completion of tests is recommended as

standard procedure, before touching any connections.

•In certain circumstances, break-down of the circuit under test may cause the instrument to terminate the

test in an uncontrolled manner, possibly causing a loss of display while the circuit remains energised. In this

event, it is even more important that the ‘ON/OFF’ key is pressed, and the circuit manually discharged

before touching any connections.

•Test leads including crocodile clips must be in good order, clean and with no broken or cracked insulation.

•Replacement fuses must be of the correct type and rating.

•The instrument should not be used if any part of it is damaged.

•If water is present in the charger recess, the instrument must not be used. It is recommended that the

instrument is not used in wet weather conditions.

•See Battery Charging Power Cord on page 4.

NOTE

THE INSTRUMENT MUST ONLY BE USED BY SUITABLY TRAINED AND COMPETENT PERSONS.

BM11D/21 Safety Warning 1/6/00 11:04 am Page 1

The BM11D and BM21 are compact, battery powered, high

voltage d.c. insulation testers with resistance measurement

capabilities to around 1 TΩ. The BM11D has a digital full scale

of 500 GΩwhilst the BM21 can measure up to 5 TΩ. The

BM21 can be set to display leakage current instead of

resistance and this mode of operation also allows higher

resistances to be measured, possibly up to 500 TΩ.

The instruments are microprocessor controlled and feature a

large, clear LCD combining digital and analogue readings of

insulation resistance.

Both instruments have test voltage positions of 500 V, 1000 V,

2500 V and 5000 V. The BM21 has an additional range with a

variable output voltage of 25 V to 5000 V in 25 V steps.

An integral timer is started automatically on commencement of

the test, and displays elapsed minutes and seconds since the

start of the test. The BM21 timer can be used to set the

duration of test, and will automatically stop the output voltage

when the time has expired.

At the end of a test, capacitive loads are discharged

automatically and the decaying voltage is displayed as the

value returns to zero. The test leads should not be

disconnected until the item has been discharged fully. Similarly,

during a test the test leads should not be removed, and the item

under test should not be touched. A flashing LED, and flashing

high voltage symbols on the LCD remind the user that

hazardous voltage is present.

A battery symbol is displayed continuously showing the

condition of the battery.

Power is obtained from internal mains rechargeable batteries.

To recharge the batteries requires an input voltage within the

range 95-265 V a.c., 50-60 Hz. The power input and fuses are

located in a splashproof recess on the front panel.

Battery Charging Power cord:

If the power cord plug is not suitable for your type of socket

outlets (receptacles), do not use an adaptor. You should use a

suitable alternative power cord, or if necessary change the plug

by cutting the cord and fitting a suitable plug. The colour code

of the cord is:

Earth (Ground) Yellow/Green

Neutral Blue

Phase (Line) Brown

If using a fused plug, a 3 Amp fuse to BS 1362 should be fitted.

Note: A plug severed from the power cord should be destroyed,

as a plug with bare conductors is hazardous in a live socket

outlet (receptacle).

General Description

BM11D/21 General Description 1/6/00 11:02 am Page 1

Features and Controls

BM11D Front Panel Layout

12 V Charger Input

Mains Socket

Sliding Cover (open)

Terminal Voltage

Cursor

Timer Selector Keys

On / Off Button

Fuse FS2

Fuse FS1

Warnings

Battery Symbol

Test Button

HV Warning LED

BM11D/21 Features and Controls 1/6/00 11:01 am Page 1

BM21 Front Panel Layout

On / Off Button

Sliding Cover (closed)

Terminal Voltage

Battery Symbol

Cursor

Range Keys

Selector Keys

Warnings

Timer

Test Button

HV Warning LED

BM11D/21 Features and Controls 1/6/00 11:01 am Page 2

INSTRUMENT CONTROLS

On/Off Button.

Pressing the On/Off button starts the instrument and initiates a

self check and calibration. All LCD segments appear for 5

seconds, then the word ‘CAL’ appears for about 5 seconds.

When the word ‘CAL’ disappears, the instrument is ready for

use, and is in standby mode. To switch the instrument off, press

the on/off button once. (Auto switch off will occur after 10

minutes of non-use).

Selector Keys

The test voltage is selected by moving the cursor. When the

test button is pressed the instrument will operate at the voltage

indicated.

BM21: In addition to the fixed test voltages the cursor can be

used to select the variable voltage and test duration positions.

Range Keys (BM21 only)

The range keys have two purposes. The first purpose is to

select the measuring range, whether insulation resistance,

leakage current or burn mode. The second function is indicated

by two arrows which appear above the keys when either the

variable voltage or test duration positions are selected. Using

the range keys in this mode will raise and lower the applicable

parameter. The change in voltage is shown at the top of the

display, and the change in test duration is indicated in the

bottom left hand corner of the display.

Test Button

Pressing the large ‘TEST’ button for more than one second will

initiate a test at the selected voltage, simultaneously starting

the timer. Pressing the button again will terminate the test and

connect the internal discharge resistors across the output.

If more than 50 V exists across the terminals, this will be

indicated on the display. If the current flowing into the terminals

exceeds 2 mA it will not be possible to start a test.

A test may be terminated if;

1) The test time is exceeded.

2) The insulation under test suffers a complete breakdown.

3) The battery becomes exhausted.

4) Excessive electrical interference (>2mA at 5 kV) (BM21 only).

Battery Symbol

When the battery is fully charged, all segments of the battery

symbol will be indicated. As the battery is used the segments

will recede. The symbol flashes when the battery capacity is

excessively low (See ‘Battery’).

Cursor

The cursors on either side of the display indicate the ranges

selected.

Condition and Warning Indication

Factors which may affect or inhibit a test are indicated by a

large flashing cursor next to the appropriate warning label.

(See ‘Condition and Warning Indicators‘).

FS1: Mains input fuse.

FS2: Guard fuse.

12 V Charger input

The rechargeable batteries within the instrument can be

charged from a 12 V supply. Connection is made through this

socket. – +

Mains socket

To recharge the internal batteries a mains input of 95-265 V a.c.

Operation

BM11D/21 Operation 1/6/00 11:03 am Page 1

(50/60Hz) is required. The socket accepts a “Euro” plug.

Sliding cover

The sliding cover ensures that the input and the output

terminals cannot be accessed simultaneously.

Terminals

The terminals marked ‘+’, ‘–’ and ‘G’ lock the test leads into the

case to prevent accidental disconnection.

Terminal Voltage

At the end of a test, any voltage remaining on the terminals will

be indicated until it has decayed to less than 50 V.

BM21:Output terminal voltage is indicated during a test.

Timer

BM11D:The timer automatically starts when the test button is

pressed. It indicates the time elapsed. Maximum test duration is

60 minutes, when the test will be stopped automatically.

BM21:The test time can be set by the user. Selecting

using the selector keys, and using the range keys to ramp the

time up or down will set the duration of test. (Maximum 90

minutes). The timer will automatically start when the test button

is pressed, and will stop when the test duration has elapsed

(unless stopped in one of the other ways). Setting the timer to

zero minutes effectively disables the instrument. A test time of

10 minutes is useful for Polarisation Index (PI) testing.

For more information on PI testing, see ‘Application of Test

techniques’.

FEATURES

Automatic Discharge

Internal discharge resistors will be selected automatically

1) At the end of a test

2) If the instrument is switched off

3) If an internal error is detected

Variable Voltage (BM21 only)

The variable voltage position provides the user with the option

to select a non-standard voltage between 25 and 5000 V d.c.,or

to continuously vary the voltage selected (in 25 V steps) during

a test.

When operating on this range, the measurement range (either

‘R’, ‘I’ or ‘BURN’) cannot be changed. The measurement range

must therefore be selected before the variable voltage position

is chosen.

To select the test voltage required, move the cursor to the

position and adjust the output terminal voltage using the Range

keys. The terminal voltage is shown at the top of the display.

BURN Mode (BM21 only)

Selecting ‘BURN’ mode will enable testing to continue after a

breakdown, for fault location. Under some conditions, the

breakdown will cause erratic display operation.The burn mode

can only be selected before a test is started.

The detachable lid

Specially designed lid hinges enable the lid to be removed and

replaced as required, and will protect the lid from strain or damage

by unclipping itself if unintentionally opened past its full extent.

To replace the lid, hold it vertically and push the hinges back

into their clips again while restraining the instrument. Then fold

the lid shut.

BM11D/21 Operation 1/6/00 11:03 am Page 2

TESTING PROCEDURES

When not testing, i.e. when in standby mode, the instrument acts

as a voltmeter.

1. Select the required test voltage with the selector keys.

2. To start a test, press the red test button for more than one

second. The HV warning LED on the front of the instrument

flashes, together with the display HV warning symbols.

When testing resistive or moderately capacitive loads (up to

about 1 µF) the test voltage will appear within a few seconds.

On large capacitive items the voltage rise will be noticeably

slower and on low resistance (less than 10 MΩ) the voltage may

never rise to its nominal value.

Insulation resistance readings are updated once every second for

readings up to about 100 MΩ. For readings between 1 GΩand

infinity the sample rate will slow down to once every 20 seconds.

Changing the voltage during a test will upset the reading

temporarily. The correct reading will appear when the new

voltage has been stable over a full sample period.

3. When the test is terminated the item under test will be

automatically discharged. The test can be stopped manually

by pressing the red test button. The test will be stopped

automatically if the test duration is reached, the instrument is

turned off, an internal error occurs, a fuse blows or if

excessive noise is detected (except in Burn mode on the

BM21). When the test has stopped the final reading will be

held on the digital display.

4. (BM21 only) Pressing either of the selector keys will change

the display to show the capacitance of the item under test.

N.B. The capacitance reading is only available if the test has

run for more than one minute, and provided the reading was

not over-range.

Reading Limitations

The BM11/D can measure currents down to 10 nA. The

highest digital readings obtainable are therefore 50 GΩat

500 V but rising to 500 GΩat 5000 V. The analogue display

works at all voltages up to 1 TΩ.

The BM21 is considerably better at the high end of the scale.

The highest digital readings obtainable are 500 GΩat 500 V

and 5 TΩat 5000 V. It is possible to read even higher

resistances by switching from ‘R’ to ‘I’ mode (using the right

Range keys). The digital display then shows leakage current,

resolving to 0.01 nA. Using this method it is theoretically

possible to measure resistance up to 500 TΩat 5000 V but it

will be necessary to perform an open circuit calibration test to

establish measurement circuit offset current and test lead

leakage. (This is ±0,2 nA at normal temperatures with new,

clean test leads). Note that if the variable voltage has been

selected, the decision to read ‘R’ or ‘I’’ must be made before the

test is started.

BATTERY

The instrument is powered by two rechargeable, sealed, lead-

acid batteries. The state of charge is indicated by the battery

symbol on the display. It is not possible to over charge or over

discharge the batteries. When the last battery segment flashes

there is very little energy left, probably less than 1 hour of

testing. Turning the instrument off completely between tests will

conserve the remaining battery energy. When batteries are

completely exhausted the battery symbol will flash and the

instrument will switch off. For maximum reliability, try to keep

the batteries in a fully charged state and do not charge at

extreme ambient temperatures. The batteries normally last

Operation

BM11D/21 Operation 1/6/00 11:03 am Page 3

about 5 years; less if subjected to high temperatures for much

of the working day. To reduce the chances of sudden failure,

two batteries are used, operating in parallel. If either battery

fails, the instrument will continue to operate on the good battery

but the ‘FS2’ indication will flash constantly. (See ‘Condition

and Warning Indicators’).

Charging the batteries should be done in a dry environment

(the instrument is not waterproof with the charging cover open).

Unplug the test leads and slide the charging cover open. (This

operation renders the test lead sockets inaccessible and

therefore prevents any danger of having the test leads

connected to dangerous voltages). Connecting a.c. (50/60 Hz)

voltages (95 V to 265 V) to the IEC socket will commence

charging, which is indicated by the red lamp. An overnight

charge will normally be sufficient. Turning the instrument on will

show the state of charge.

It is possible to charge the batteries from a 12 to 15 V d.c.

supply using the round socket. However, this is slow and

unlikely to provide a full charge. Applying more than 15 V is

likely to overcharge the batteries.

Battery Charging Notes

1) Do not leave batteries in a totally discharged state

2) If instrument is not used, recharge the batteries for at least

24 hours every 6 months. (More frequently if the storage

temperature is >40 °C).

3) 16 hours charging (from a fully discharged state) will

achieve at least 90% of a full charge. It is beneficial to

continue charging for several days and no harm will be

done if the charger is left on indefinitely.

4) The battery should only be charged at temperatures in the

range 0 °C to 40°C.

GUARD TERMINAL

The guard terminal is at the same voltage as the negative

terminal. A fuse (FS2) protects the low impedance guard circuit

from the application of external voltage. Guard fuse failure will

be indicated on the display only when the guard circuit is in

use. To check whether the fuse has blown, connect the positive

terminal to the guard terminal and start a 500 V test. If the

display flag flashes by ‘FS2’ the fuse has blown (see

‘Condition and Warning Indicators‘). FS2 is located in the

charger recess.

Using The Guard Terminal

For basic insulation tests the guard terminal will not be used.

Most insulation tests can be performed by connecting the

specimen between the ‘+’ and ‘–’ terminals. These tests will

show up any deficiencies in the insulation, whether they are

caused by leakage through the insulator body or across its

surface.

To distinguish between body leakage and surface leakage the

guard terminal ‘G’ may be used. In this way surface leakage

current is removed before it enters the measurement circuit via

the ‘–’ terminal.

to ‘G’ terminal to ‘+’ terminal

Cable Core

Leakage path

Outer Sheath

to ‘-’ terminal

Covering

BM11D/21 Operation 1/6/00 11:03 am Page 4

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