NEC Express5800/ftServer Service-Handbuch

NEC Corporation of America

456-01730-000

Express5800/ftServer:

System Administrator’s Guide

for the Linux®Operating System

Manual Name: Express5800/ftServer: System Administrator’s Guide for the Linux Operating System

Part Number: 456-01730-000

Revision Number: 04

Publication Date: January 2008

NEC Corporation of America

6535 N. State Highway 161

Irving, Texas 75038-2402

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The registered trademark Linux is used pursuant to a sublicense from the Linux Mark Institute, the exclusive licensee of

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countries. UNIX is a registered trademark of X/Open Company, Ltd., in the U.S.A. and other countries.

Contents iii

Contents

Preface xi

1. Introduction to ftServer System Administration 1-1

ftServer System Terminology 1-2

System and Network Administration Overview 1-2

Installing and Updating So ftware on ftServer Systems 1-2

Updating ftServer System Firmware 1-2

Conguring Your ftServer System 1-3

Managing Data Storage Devices 1-3

Using the Express5800/ftServer Fault-Tolerant Express Builder 1-3

Network Management and Reporting 1-3

Troubleshooting ftServer Systems 1-3

Additional Documentation and Resources 1-3

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 1-4

Express5800/ ftServer Documentation 1-4

Linux and UNIX Documents 1-4

2. Installing the Operating System and Express5800/ftServer

System Software 2-1

Installation Overview 2-2

Boot Media 2-3

Default System Setup 2-3

Linux Version Information 2-4

Storage Default Settings 2-4

Ethernet Default Conguration 2-5

USB and RS232C Default Settings 2-5

Default System Initialization and Run-Level Control 2-6

Default User Environments, Shells, and Access

Control 2-6

System Indicators and Switches 2-6

Separately Released and Optional Distribution Components 2-6

Installation Interfaces 2-7

Supported Hardware and Firmware 2-7

Contents

iv Express5800/ftServer: System Administrator’s Guide for the Linux Operating System

Pre-Installation Checklist 2-7

Initial Linux Operating System and Express Builder Installation or

Default Reinstallation 2-10

Booting the Operating System 2-10

Installing the Operating System 2-11

Installing Express Builder for Fault Tolerance 2-13

Avoiding CD-ROM Mount Command Failure After

Disabling SELinux 2-14

Reinstalling Express Builder After a Failed Installation 2-14

Booting in Linux Rescue Mode 2-15

Post-Installation Tasks and Considerations 2-17

Default Configuration Notes 2-17

Configuring the Network 2-17

Adding Fault-Tolerant Utilities to PATH 2-18

Performing an Installation Without a Kickstart File 2-18

Additional Documentation and Resources 2-19

3. Updating ftServer System Firmware 3-1

Updating the System BIOS 3-1

Updating BMC Firmware 3-5

4. Updating the Operating System and Express5800/ftServer

System Software 4-1

General Upgrade Considerations 4-2

Upgrade Requirements 4-2

Related Considerations 4-2

Upgrading or Restoring the Linux Operating System 4-3

Express5800/ftServer Kernel Modules 4-4

Upgrading the Linux Operating System 4-4

Restoring the Linux Operating System 4-5

Upgrading or Restoring Express Builder 4-6

Creating a Backup System Disk 4-7

Recovering from a Failed Software Upgrade 4-8

Related Information and Resources 4-8

5. Setting Up the ftServer System 5-1

Setting Up Internal Disk Storage 5-2

Internal Disk Storage Overview 5-2

The Console Log and the /var/log/messages File 5-2

Configuring Internal Disks 5-3

Managing Partitions 5-4

Contents

Contents v

Default Internal Disk Configuration for a Newly

Installed System 5-8

Checking the Current State of the Internal Disk Subsystem 5-8

Storage Device Definition 5-9

Setting Up RAID Arrays 5-9

RAID Array Overview 5-9

Creating a RAID-1 Array 5-10

Creating a RAID-0 Array 5-12

Creating and Mounting a File System 5-14

Checking the Current State of RAID 5-14

Removing and Replacing Disks 5-15

Disk Insertion 5-16

Administering RAID Arrays 5-16

To Stop a RAID Array and Move It to Another System 5-16

Errors and Faulty Mirrors 5-17

Removing a Faulty Mirror 5-17

Resynchronization 5-18

Replacing a Failed Disk 5-19

Configuring Safe Mode 5-20

Manually Creating Partitions on Blank Disks and Adding

to RAID-1 Arrays 5-20

Replacing Defective Disks Interactively 5-21

Replacing Defective Disks Manually 5-21

The duplex_blank_disk Command 5-25

System Backup and Disaster Recovery 5-26

Ethernet Devices 5-26

Physical Device Naming 5-26

Monitoring and Configuring Channel-Bonding Interfaces 5-28

Monitoring Channel-Bonding Interfaces 5-28

Configuring Channel-Bonding Interfaces 5-29

Determining Interface Device Names 5-30

MAC Addresses 5-31

Other System Configuration Information 5-31

Disabling Hyperthreading 5-32

Configuring the System Video Display 5-33

Managing the System Clock 5-33

Additional Documentation and Resources 5-34

6. Managing Data Storage Devices 6-1

CD-ROM Drives 6-1

USB Storage Devices 6-1

USB Floppy Drives 6-4

USB Solid-State Devices 6-4

Additional Resources 6-5

Contents

vi Express5800/ftServer: System Administrator’s Guide for the Linux Operating System

7. Using ftServer Fault-Tolerant Utilities and Software 7-1

The ftsmaint Command 7-1

Device Path Enumeration 7-5

ftServer System Device Path Enumeration 7-5

ftsmaint Examples 7-10

Displaying System Status 7-10

Bringing System Components Down and Up 7-12

Removing a PCI Adapter From Service and Bringing

It Into Service 7-13

Kernel Memory Dump File Management 7-13

8. Simple Network Management Using Net-SNMP and ftlSNMP 8-1

Installing and Configuring ftlSNMP 8-1

ftlSNMP Inventory 8-2

Manually Installing and Upgrading the ftlSNMP RPM 8-3

ftlSNMP Prerequisites 8-4

SNMP Configuration File Updates 8-4

The snmpd.conf File 8-5

The ftlsubagent.conf and

ftltrapsubagent.conf Files 8-5

Configuring SNMP to Start at System Initialization 8-6

Configuring SNMP for Service Management 8-6

SNMP Foundations and Concepts 8-8

ftlSNMP Management Commands 8-9

The Basic Net-SNMP Commands 8-10

MIBs 8-11

Some Objects Defined by Standard MIBs 8-12

SNMPv3 Support 8-14

SNMP’s View of a Network 8-14

Extensions and Fault-Tolerant SNMP Operation 8-15

Installing Remote Network Management Services 8-16

Configuring SNMP for Remote Service Management 8-17

Deploying SNMP Agents and Subagents 8-17

Verifying Traps 8-18

Managing SNMP 8-18

Testing Your SNMP Configuration 8-19

Managing ftServer Hardware Components 8-20

Example: Managing Hardware 8-21

Testing Ethernet Ports 8-23

Example: Testing Ethernet Ports 8-23

SNMP and MIBS 8-24

Device Enumeration 8-25

Contents

Contents vii

ftServer System Operation State Management 8-25

SNMP Network Management Station Considerations 8-26

Initial SNMP Testing 8-27

Initial Testing of ftltrapsubagent 8-27

Initial Testing of ftlsubagent 8-29

Removing ftlSNMP 8-29

OpState:State Definitions 8-30

OpState:Reason Definitions 8-31

GET and SET Operations for ftlSNMP MIB Objects 8-32

SRA-ftLinux-MIB OID Values and Properties 8-32

Trap Filtering 8-33

Trap-Filtering Capability 8-33

Activating and Deactivating Trap Filtering 8-33

Trap-Filtering Examples 8-34

9. Troubleshooting ftServer Systems 9-1

LED and Visual Diagnostics 9-1

System Boot Problems 9-1

Normal Boot Sequence 9-2

Possible Boot Problems 9-3

Missing Drivers Prevent Booting 9-3

GRUB Problem 9-4

RAID Problem 9-5

Automatic Reboot After Boot Monitoring Timeout 9-5

System Log Messages 9-6

Error and Log Messages Regarding Keyboard and Mouse 9-6

Index Index-1

viii Express5800/ftServer: System Administrator’s Guide for the Linux Operating System

Figures

Figure 2-1. SAS (SATA)Drive Arrangement for Installation 2-9

Figure 5-1. CPU-I/O Enclosures: Front Panel with Drive Slots

Fully Populated 5-3

Figure 7-1. ftServer Enclosures: Locations of Major Enumerated Devices

(Front View) 7-8

Figure 7-2. ftServer Enclosures: Locations of Major Enumerated Devices

(Rear View) 7-9

Figure 8-1. AgentX-Enabled Extensions and Subagents 8-17

Figure 8-2. Operational State Management on ftServer Systems 8-25

Tables ix

Tables

Table 2-1.

CD-ROMs Included With ftServer Systems

2-2

Table 5-2. Ethernet Devices in ftServer CPU-I/O Enclosures 5-27

Table 7-1. Device Paths of ftServer Devices 7-5

Table 8-1. Meaning of Duplex for ftServer System Components 8-26

Table 8-2. Operation State Values, Names, and Definitions 8-30

Table 8-3. Reason Codes, Names, and Definitions 8-31

Table 8-4. Set Operations Currently Implemented in ftlSNMP 8-32

x Express5800/ftServer: System Administrator’s Guide for the Linux Operating System

Examples

Example 5-1. Checking the Current State of the Internal Storage

Subsystem 5-9

Example 5-2. Checking the Current State of RAID 5-15

Example 5-3. Resynchronization 5-18

Example 5-4. Running GRUB 5-24

Example 5-5. Pairing a Spare Internal Disk with the Running

System Disk 5-25

Example 5-6. Default Configuration of Embedded Ethernet Devices 5-28

Example 7-1. Displaying System Status with the ftsmaint Command 7-10

Example 8-1. Traps that Can Occur for I/O Element 11 When Trap

Filtering Is Off 8-34

Example 8-2. Traps That Can Occur for I/O Element 11 when Trap

Filtering Is On 8-38

Example 8-3. Traps That Can Occur for When Trap Filtering Is Off 8-40

Example 8-4. Traps That Can Occur When Trap Filtering Is On 8-41

Example 9-1. Possible Keyboard and Mouse Error Messages at

Boot Time 9-6

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