Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 10 SP2 Bedienungsanleitung

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Server

www.novell.com10 SP3

October27,2009 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration

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Contents

About This Guide xv

Part I Deployment 1

1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 3

1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . 5

1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2Deployment Strategies 7

2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3Installation with YaST 17

3.1 IBM POWER: System Start-Up for Network Installation . . . . . . . . . 17

3.2 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.3 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.4 The Installation Workow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.5 TheBootScreen......................... 20

3.6 Language ............................ 24

3.7 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.8 MediaCheck........................... 27

3.9 LicenseAgreement........................ 27

3.10 InstallationMode......................... 28

3.11 Clock and Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.12 Installation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.13 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3.14 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3.15 GraphicalLogin.......................... 45

4Remote Installation 47

4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 56

4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

5Automated Installation 85

5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

6Deploying Customized Preinstallations 103

6.1 Preparing the Master Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

6.2 Customizing the Firstboot Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

6.3 Cloning the Master Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

6.4 Personalizing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

7Advanced Disk Setup 115

7.1 LVMConguration........................ 115

7.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

8System Conguration with YaST 129

8.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 130

8.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

8.3 Software............................ 132

8.4 Hardware............................ 146

8.5 System............................. 153

8.6 NetworkDevices......................... 164

8.7 NetworkServices........................ 165

8.8 AppArmor ........................... 172

8.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

8.10 Virtualization.......................... 181

8.11 Miscellaneous.......................... 182

8.12 YaSTinTextMode........................ 185

8.13 Managing YaST from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

8.14 SaX2.............................. 191

8.15 Troubleshooting......................... 197

8.16 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

9Managing Software with ZENworks 199

9.1 Update from the Command Line with rug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

9.2 Managing Packages with the ZEN Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

10 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 211

10.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

10.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

10.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Part II Administration 239

11 OpenWBEM 241

11.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

11.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 248

11.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

12 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 271

12.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

12.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

13 iSNS for Linux Overview 283

13.1 HowiSNSWorks......................... 283

13.2 iSNS for Linux Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

13.3 SettingUpiSNS......................... 285

13.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

14 Oracle Cluster File System 2 289

14.1 O2CB Cluster Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

14.2 DiskHeartbeat ......................... 291

14.3 In-Memory File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

14.4 Management Utilities and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

14.5 OCFS2Packages......................... 295

14.6 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

14.7 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

14.8 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

15 Access Control Lists in Linux 303

15.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

15.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

15.3 Denitions........................... 305

15.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 306

15.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

15.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

16 RPM—the Package Manager 315

16.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

16.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 316

16.3 RPMandPatches........................ 317

16.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

16.5 RPMQueries.......................... 320

16.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

16.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

16.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

17 System Monitoring Utilities 327

17.1 Debugging........................... 328

17.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

17.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

17.4 Networking........................... 335

17.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 336

17.6 Processes............................ 339

17.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

17.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

17.9 TimeandDate.......................... 347

18 Working with the Shell 349

18.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

18.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

18.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

18.4 TheviEditor.......................... 376

Part III System 381

19 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 383

19.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 384

19.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

19.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

19.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

20 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 389

20.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

20.2 TheinitProcess......................... 393

20.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

21 The Boot Loader 405

21.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

21.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

21.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

21.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

21.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

21.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

21.7 Troubleshooting......................... 422

21.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

22 Special System Features 425

22.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

22.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 432

22.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

22.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

23 Printer Operation 439

23.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

23.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

23.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

23.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

23.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 447

23.6 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

23.7 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

23.8 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 455

24 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 463

24.1 The /dev Directory....................... 463

24.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

24.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

24.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

24.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

24.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 467

24.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

24.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

24.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

25 File Systems in Linux 471

25.1 Terminology........................... 471

25.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

25.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

25.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

25.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

26 The X Window System 483

26.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

26.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490

26.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

27 Authentication with PAM 497

27.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

27.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

27.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

27.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

28 Power Management 507

28.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

28.2 APM.............................. 509

28.3 ACPI.............................. 511

28.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

28.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

28.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

29 Wireless Communication 533

29.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 533

Part IV Services 545

30 Basic Networking 547

30.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

30.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

30.3 NameResolution ........................ 563

30.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

30.5 Conguring VLAN Interfaces on SUSE Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

30.6 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 584

30.7 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

30.8 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

31 SLP Services in the Network 605

31.1 ActivatingSLP.......................... 605

31.2 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

31.3 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

31.4 Providing Services with SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

31.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

32 Time Synchronization with NTP 609

32.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

32.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

32.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

33 The Domain Name System 615

33.1 DNSTerminology........................ 615

33.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616

33.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626

33.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

33.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 633

33.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

33.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

33.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 639

33.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

34 DHCP 641

34.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

34.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

34.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

34.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

35 Using NIS 659

35.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

35.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665

36 LDAP—A Directory Service 667

36.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 668

36.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

36.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

36.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

36.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

36.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688

36.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

36.8 Browsing the LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

36.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700

37 Samba 703

37.1 Terminology........................... 703

37.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705

37.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705

37.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

37.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712

37.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 713

37.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

38 Sharing File Systems with NFS 719

38.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

38.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720

38.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

38.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723

38.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

38.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732

38.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732

39 File Synchronization 733

39.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733

39.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735

39.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738

39.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

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