Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 - INSTALLATION AND ADMINISTRATION... Bedienungsanleitung

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Server

www.novell.com10

May11,2007 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration

Legal Notice

This manual is protected under Novell intellectual property rights. By reproducing, duplicating or

distributing this manual you explicitly agree to conform to the terms and conditions of this license

agreement.

This manual may be freely reproduced, duplicated and distributed either as such or as part of a bundled

package in electronic and/or printed format, provided however that the following conditions are ful-

lled:

That this copyright notice and the names of authors and contributors appear clearly and distinctively

on all reproduced, duplicated and distributed copies. That this manual, specically for the printed

format, is reproduced and/or distributed for noncommercial use only. The express authorization of

Novell, Inc must be obtained prior to any other use of any manual or part thereof.

For Novell trademarks, see the Novell Trademark and Service Mark list http://www.novell

.com/company/legal/trademarks/tmlist.html. * Linux is a registered trademark of

Linus Torvalds. All other third party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. A trademark

symbol (®, ™ etc.) denotes a Novell trademark; an asterisk (*) denotes a third party trademark.

All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this

does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither Novell, Inc., SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, the authors,

nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.

Contents

About This Guide xv

Part I Deployment 1

1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 3

1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . 5

1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2Deployment Strategies 7

2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3Installation with YaST 17

3.1 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.2 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.3 TheBootScreen......................... 19

3.4 Language ............................ 21

3.5 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.6 LicenseAgreement........................ 24

3.7 SystemAnalysis.......................... 24

3.8 TimeZone............................ 25

3.9 Installation Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.10 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.11 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3.12 GraphicalLogin.......................... 41

4Remote Installation 43

4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 52

4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

5Automated Installation 81

5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

6Deploying Customized Preinstallations 99

6.1 Preparing the Master Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

6.2 Customizing the rstboot Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

6.3 Cloning the Master Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

6.4 Personalizing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

7Advanced Disk Setup 111

7.1 LVMConguration........................ 111

7.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

8System Conguration with YaST 125

8.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 126

8.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

8.3 Software............................ 127

8.4 Hardware............................ 141

8.5 System............................. 147

8.6 NetworkDevices......................... 159

8.7 NetworkServices........................ 160

8.8 AppArmor ........................... 167

8.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

8.10 Virtualization.......................... 176

8.11 Miscellaneous.......................... 176

8.12 YaSTinTextMode........................ 179

8.13 Managing YaST from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

8.14 SaX2.............................. 186

8.15 Troubleshooting......................... 192

8.16 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

9Managing Software with ZENworks 193

9.1 Managing Packages from the Command Line with rug . . . . . . . . . 194

9.2 Managing Packages with the ZEN Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

10 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 203

10.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

10.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

10.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Part II Administration 225

11 OpenWBEM 227

11.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

11.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 234

11.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

12 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 257

12.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

12.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

13 Oracle Cluster File System 2 267

13.1 Overview of OCFS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

13.2 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

13.3 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

13.4 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

14 Access Control Lists in Linux 281

14.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

14.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

14.3 Denitions........................... 283

14.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 284

14.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

14.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

15 RPM—the Package Manager 295

15.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

15.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 296

15.3 RPMandPatches........................ 297

15.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

15.5 RPMQueries.......................... 300

15.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

15.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

15.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

16 System Monitoring Utilities 307

16.1 Debugging........................... 308

16.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

16.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

16.4 Networking........................... 315

16.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 316

16.6 Processes............................ 320

16.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

16.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

16.9 TimeandDate.......................... 329

17 Working with the Shell 331

17.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

17.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

17.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

17.4 TheviEditor.......................... 358

Part III System 363

18 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 365

18.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 366

18.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

18.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

18.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

19 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 371

19.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

19.2 TheinitProcess......................... 375

19.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

20 The Boot Loader 387

20.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

20.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

20.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

20.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

20.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

20.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

20.7 Troubleshooting......................... 405

20.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

21 Special System Features 407

21.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

21.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 414

21.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

21.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

22 Virtualization 421

22.1 System and Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

22.2 Virtualization Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

22.3 Installing Virtualization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

22.4 Starting the Virtualization Host Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

22.5 Managing Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

22.6 Creating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

22.7 Windows Server 2003 Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

22.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

23 Printer Operation 435

23.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

23.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

23.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

23.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

23.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 443

23.6 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

23.7 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

23.8 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 452

24 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 461

24.1 The /dev Directory....................... 461

24.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

24.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

24.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

24.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

24.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 464

24.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

24.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

24.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

25 File Systems in Linux 469

25.1 Terminology........................... 469

25.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

25.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

25.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

25.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

26 The X Window System 481

26.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

26.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

26.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

27 Authentication with PAM 495

27.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

27.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

27.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

27.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

28 Power Management 503

28.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

28.2 APM.............................. 505

28.3 ACPI.............................. 507

28.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

28.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

28.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

29 Wireless Communication 529

29.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 529

Part IV Services 541

30 Basic Networking 543

30.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

30.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

30.3 NameResolution ........................ 559

30.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

30.5 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 578

30.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580

30.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

31 SLP Services in the Network 599

31.1 ActivatingSLP.......................... 599

31.2 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

31.3 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

31.4 Providing Services with SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

31.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

32 Time Synchronization with NTP 603

32.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

32.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

32.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

33 The Domain Name System 609

33.1 DNSTerminology........................ 609

33.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610

33.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620

33.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

33.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 626

33.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

33.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

33.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 633

33.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

34 DHCP 635

34.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

34.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

34.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648

34.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

35 Using NIS 653

35.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

35.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

36 LDAP—A Directory Service 661

36.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 662

36.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

36.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

36.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672

36.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

36.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

36.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690

36.8 Browsing the LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692

36.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693

37 Samba 695

37.1 Terminology........................... 695

37.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

37.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

37.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703

37.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704

37.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 705

37.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709

38 Sharing File Systems with NFS 711

38.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

38.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712

38.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713

38.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

38.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720

38.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723

38.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723

39 File Synchronization 725

39.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

39.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727

39.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730

39.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733

40 The Apache HTTP Server 737

40.1 QuickStart........................... 737

40.2 Conguring Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739

40.3 Starting and Stopping Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754

40.4 Installing, Activating, and Conguring Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . 756

Dieses Handbuch passt für folgende Modelle

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Andere Novell Software Handbücher

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 7 - DOMAINS Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS 10 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT SP3 - COMMAND LINE UTILITIES REFERENCE 10.3... Installations- und Betriebshandbuch

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 8 - LINUX-MAC CLIENT Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell APPARMOR - AND Datenblatt

Novell

Novell ACCESS MANAGER 3.1 SP2 IR1 - README 07-2010 Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 SP2 - ARCHITECTURE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION... Handbuch

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS 10 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT SP3 - PREBOOT SERVICES AND IMAGING REFERENCE 10.3... Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS APPLICATION VIRTUALIZATION 8.0 - INTEGRATION AND STREAMING GUIDE... Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell SUSE LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 11 SP1 - 8-18-2010 VIRTUALIZATION WITH... Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 7 - MESSAGE TRANSFERT AGENT Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 SP1 - ARCHITECTURE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION... Handbuch

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS 7.2 LINUX MANAGEMENT - SCENARIOS 1... Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell eBook Reader Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 8 - RESOURCES Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell GROUPWISE 8 - DATABASES Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell ACCESS MANAGER 3.1 SP1 - ADMINISTRATION Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell POLICIES IN IMANAGER 3.6.1 - 06-05-2009 Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 SP2 - STARTUP GUIDE... Benutzerhandbuch

Novell

Novell ZENWORKS PATCH MANAGEMENT 6.4 - S Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell OPEN ENTERPRISE SERVER - CONVERSION GUIDE... Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell SERVER CONSOLIDATION MIGRATION TOOLKIT 1.2 - ADMINISTRATION GUIDE... Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell SLRS 8 - Handbuch

Novell

Novell SENTINEL 6.1 SP2 - 02-2010 Bedienungsanleitung

Novell

Novell OPEN ENTERPRISE SERVER 2 SP2 - STORAGE SERVICES AUDITING CLIENT LOGGER UTILITY REFERENCE... Service-Handbuch

Beliebte Software Handbücher anderer Marken

COMPRO

COMPRO COMPROFM Bedienungsanleitung

Muratec

Muratec OFFICEBRIDGE ONLINE Bedienungsanleitung

Oracle

Oracle Contact Center Anywhere 8.1 Bedienungsanleitung

Adobe

Adobe 65007312 - Photoshop Lightroom Handbuch

Avaya

Avaya NULL One-X for RIM Blackberry Bedienungsanleitung

HP ProLiant BL420c Bedienungsanleitung

PS Audio

PS Audio PowerPlay Betriebsanleitung

Brady

Brady LOCKOUT PRO 3.0 Service-Handbuch

Avaya

Avaya Interaction Center Bedienungsanleitung

Texas Instruments

Texas Instruments TI-83 Plus Silver Edition Handbuch

Oracle

Oracle Application 9i Bedienungsanleitung

Acer

Acer RDM Bedienungsanleitung

Canon

Canon Vixia HF21 Bedienungsanleitung

Canon

Canon ZR950 Bedienungsanleitung

Samsung

Samsung Auto Backup Bedienungsanleitung

Polycom

Polycom Vortex EF2201 Montage- und Bedienungsanleitung

Brocade Communications Systems

Brocade Communications Systems Brocade 8/12c Bedienungsanleitung

Lexmark

Lexmark Apps Service-Handbuch