NXP Semiconductors MC9S08LC60 Bedienungsanleitung

Freescale Semiconductor

Application Note

Document Number: AN3280

Rev. 0, 07/2006

Contents

1 MC9S08LC60 Introduction

The MC9S08LC60 is an HCS08 device that combines a

liquid crystal display (LCD) driver module with a rich

set of peripherals. This high level of integration reduces

the total system cost by providing a single chip solution

for applications needing a display with up to 160

segments. LCDs are commonplace in many applications,

including thermostats, calculators, digital multi-meters,

medical monitoring devices, toys, and appliances.

The LCD module integration in the MC9S08LC60

provides a high-level of configurability allowing for

lower power operation. In fact, the LCD driver can be

configured to operate a display even when the

MC9S08LC60 enters stop3 sleep mode. Figure 1

provides a block diagram of the MC9S08LC60. In

addition to the built-in LCD driver, the MC9S08LC60

has notable peripherals such as a 12-bit ADC and dual

Flash arrays (for EEPROM emulation), as shown in the

block diagram.

1 MC9S08LC60 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 Type of LCD Glass Compatible with MC9S08LC60 2

1.2 Number of Segments and Using Segments in LCD 3

1.3 LCD Glass Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 LCD Module Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.1 LCD Module Power Supply Configuration. . . . . . . . 4

2.2 LCD Module Clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.3 LCD Blinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3 Interfacing the LCD MCU to an LCD Glass . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.1 LCD Glass Detailed Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.2 Mapping LCD Glass Segments to the MCU LCD

RAM Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3.3 Mapping the MCU LCD RAM to Alphanumeric

Segment Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4 Example Application Using the DEMO9S08LC60 . . . . . 16

4.1 DEMO9S08LCD60 Overview and Configuration. . 17

4.2 Example Application Software Overview. . . . . . . . 18

4.3 Example Application Operation and Quick Start . . 25

Interfacing an LCD to the

MC9S08LC60

by: Steven Torres

Austin, TX, USA

Interfacing an LCD to the MC9S08LC60, Rev. 0

MC9S08LC60 Introduction

Freescale Semiconductor2

Figure 1. MC9S08LC60 Block Diagram

This application note introduces the MC9S08LC60 and details a procedure for interfacing a LCD glass to

the MC9S08LC60 from a hardware and software perspective. Using the DEMO9S08LC60 EVB hardware,

the relationship between the LCD glass segments and the individual bits in the MC9S08LC60 LCDRAM

registers is demonstrated. The demo validates that the LCD glass was properly interfaced to the

MC9S08LC60.

Sample software to illustrate a basic application that uses a LCD is included in this document. The

document contains both an overview of the demo software and a quickstart for the demo. All code for the

demo is provided in the file AN3280SW1.zip, which can be found on the Freescale web page

(freescale.com).

1.1 Type of LCD Glass Compatible with MC9S08LC60

Two common LCD types are TN (twisted nematics) and STN (super twisted nematics). TN-type LCD

glass is very cost-effective and is compatible with multiplexing LCD drivers using fewer than 16

backplanes. The multiplexing LCD driver uses multiple backplanes to reduce the number of connections

between the LCD and the LCD driver. Using multiplexing, each frontplane pin can be connected to as

many segments as there are backplanes. With up to four backplanes and running in 1/3 bias mode, the

MC9S08LC60 is compatible with TN-type LCD glass.

9S08 CPU

Dual Flash

Arrays

RAM

RTI

Internal

Clock

Generator

BDM

KBI

12-Bit ADC

SCI

(2) SPI

I2C

(2) 16-Bit

Timers

LCD Driver

4/3 BP)

80/64 Pin Package

(40/41 FP x

MC9S08LC60 Introduction

Interfacing an LCD to the MC9S08LC60, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 3

The multiplexing configuration relates to the LCD duty cycle. The duty cycle indicates the amount of time

the LCD panel segment is energized during each LCD module frame cycle. The available duty cycle

options for the MC9S08LC60 LCD module are 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4. The denominator of the duty cycle

indicates the number of backplanes being used to drive a LCD panel.

This application note does not provide an introduction to LCD theory, types of LCD, LCD waveforms, or

principles of operation. AN3219, XGATE Library: TN/STN LCD Driver, provides a detailed description

of driving TN and STN LCDs using general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins. Even though the

MC9S08LC60 has a built-in LCD driver module, the discussions presented in AN3219 on multiplex

waveforms and LCD theory are relevant.

1.2 Number of Segments and Using Segments in LCD

Depending on package and LCD configuration, the MC9S08LC60 can support up to 160 segments. The

number of segments is equal to the number of backplanes times the number of frontplanes. With multiplex

LCD drivers like the MC9S08LC60, each frontplane pin can be connected to as many segments as there

are backplanes. With up to 160 segments, the MC9S08LC60 can be used in displays that are numeric,

alpha-numeric, symbolic, or a combination of these. Numeric displays require seven segments for each

digit; alpha-numeric displays require either 14 or 16 segments per character. Table 1 lists the available

configurations and the potential number of digits when using a 7-, 14-, or 16-segment configuration.

Table 1. 9S08LC60 Segment Configuration Based on Package

Package Number of

Backplanes

Number of

Frontplanes

Total Number of

Segments

Potential Number of Characters (Remainder)

7 segment 14 segment 16 segment

64 pin 4 32 128 18 (2) 9 (2) 8 (0)

3 33 99 14 (1) 7 (1) 6 (3)

80 pin 4 40 160 22 (6) 11 (6) 10 (0)

3 41 123 17 (4) 8 (11) 7 (11)

Interfacing an LCD to the MC9S08LC60, Rev. 0

LCD Module Overview

Freescale Semiconductor4

1.3 LCD Glass Specification

When obtaining TN-type LCD glass for an application, several parameters should be considered. These

include:

• LCD operating voltage — Typical values for LCD glass operating voltage are 3 V or 5 V. The

operating voltage is the nominal voltage level threshold to power on a segment.

• Current consumption — The current consumption is related to the total segment area.

• View area — This is related to the size of the LCD glass.

• Driving mode — Duty cycle (1/2, 1/3, and 1/4) and bias (1/3)

• View angle — 3 o’clock, 6 o’clock, 9 o’clock, and 12 o’clock

• View mode — Reflective, transmissive, and transflective

• Operating temperature — Varies

2 LCD Module Overview

2.1 LCD Module Power Supply Configuration

The LCD module provides several configurations for its power supply. The LCD module can be powered

via VDD or, alternatively, by an external LCD power supply connected to the VLCD pin (the VLCD voltage

range is 1.4 to 1.8 V). The LCD module power supply configuration is determined by the VSUPPLY[1:0]

bit field. A block diagram of the power supply architecture is shown in Figure 2. The designer must choose

from one of the power modes shown in Figure 2. This decision will be based on application requirements.

Figure 2. LCD Module Power Supply Configuration Options

–

— (~(LCDCPMS) and powersw3)

~(LCDCPMS)

~(LCDCPMS) (BBYPASS

VLL1

(~(BBYPASS)

VOLTAGE DIVIDER

BLOCK

VLCD

VDD

powersw1 —

— powersw2

VLL1

VLL2

VLL3

CHARGE PUMP

and powersw3)

VSUPPLY[1:0] powersw1 powersw2 powersw3

00 100

01 010

10 001

11 000

LCD Module Overview

Interfacing an LCD to the MC9S08LC60, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 5

Another factor affecting power supply configuration has to do with the LCD glass panel. Typical driving

voltages for LCD glass panels are 3 V and 5 V. The subsequent sections summarize power supply

configuration options when driving both 3 V and 5 V LCD glass.

2.1.1 Configuration Options for 3 V LCD Glass

When driving 3 V LCD glass, the following configurations are available:

• Power the LCD module via VLCD, where VLCD is nominally 1.5 volts, with the LCD module

configured for doubler mode.

• Power the LCD module via VDD, where VDD is nominally 3 V, with the LCD module voltage

supply switch (VSUPPLY[1:0]) configured to generate VLL3 from VDD

• Power the LCD module via VDD, where VDD is nominally 2 V, with the LCD module voltage

supply switch (VSUPPLY[1:0]) configured to generate VLL2 from VDD

2.1.2 Configuration Options for 5 V LCD Glass

When driving 5 V LCD glass, the following configurations are available:

• Power LCD module via VLCD, where VLCD is nominally 1.67 volts, with the LCD module

configured for tripler mode.

• Power the LCD module via VDD, where VDD is nominally 3.3 volts, with the LCD module voltage

supply switch (VSUPPLY[1:0]) configured to generate VLL2 from VDD

2.2 LCD Module Clock

Figure 3 illustrates the MC9S08LC60 clock source, which can either be sourced from the MC9S08LC60

internal clock reference or an external clock source. The LCD module is designed to operate using a

32.768 kHz clock regardless of clock source, so clock dividers must be used to achieve the target

32.768 kHz clock target. In Figure 3, the 32.768 kHz clock target is labeled LCDCLK. LCDCLK is used

to determine the following LCD operational settings:

• LCD base frequency

• LCD blink rate

• LCD charge pump rate

Interfacing an LCD to the MC9S08LC60, Rev. 0

LCD Module Overview

Freescale Semiconductor6

Figure 3. LCD Module Clock Tree

2.2.1 External Crystal and the LCD Frame Frequency

The lowest-power configuration for the MC9S08LC60 uses the external clock. It is also advantageous to

select the slowest acceptable clock rate for the LCD base frequency, the LCD frame frequency, and the

LCD charge pump rate that supports the LCD glass in the application. Reducing the clock rate reduces the

current consumption of the LCD module.

2.3 LCD Blinking

One of the most outstanding features of the MC9S08LC60 is the flexible support for segment blinking.

Some features of the segment blinking implementation are:

• Blink capability is programmable for the entire display or individual segments

• Multiple programmable options for the blink rate are available

• Blink functionality is available in stop3 mode

The LCDDRMS bit in the LCDCMD register is used in conjunction with the LCDRAM registers to

provide blinking control for individual segments. If the LCDDRMS bit is cleared, the LCDRAM registers

control the display on/off state for segments on the LCD display. If LCDDRMS bit is set, the LCDRAM

registers control the blink enable on/off state for the corresponding segment. See Section 4.2.3.2.1,

“Non-alphanumerics,” for example software functions that use the LCDDRMS bit to toggle the LCDRAM

between its function to control the display on/off state and to control blink enable on/off state.

To configure all LCD segments to blink regardless of the contents of the LCDRAM registers while the

LCDDRMS bit is set, the BLKMODE bit in the LCDBCTL control register must also be set.

Internal Clock

External Clock = 32.768 kHz

Source

÷16

DIV16

÷(1+CLKADJ[5:0])

CLKADJ[5:0]

LCDCLK

÷8÷(2LCLK[2:0])

LCLK[2:0]

÷2

LCD Charge Pump Clock

Source

CPCADJ[1:0] LCD Base Frequency

Source

Blink Rate

Source

BRATE[2:0]

÷2(1+CPCADJ[1:0])

÷6

÷(25+BRATE[2:0])

÷2

Interfacing the LCD MCU to an LCD Glass

Interfacing an LCD to the MC9S08LC60, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 7

3 Interfacing the LCD MCU to an LCD Glass

This application uses the DEMOLC60 EVB to detail the requirements for interfacing an LCD glass to the

MC9S08LC60. Figure 4 shows the top layer silk screen of the DEMO9S08LC60 with the LCD glass

panel. The LCD glass panel is shown with all LCD segments turned on. This section will review the LCD

glass design in detail and discuss the interfacing of the LCD module to the LCD glass via hardware and

software.

Figure 4. DEMO9S08LC60

Interfacing an LCD to the MC9S08LC60, Rev. 0

Interfacing the LCD MCU to an LCD Glass

Freescale Semiconductor8

3.1 LCD Glass Detailed Description

The LCD panel used in the DEMO9S08LC60 has a viewable area of approximately 75 mm ×25 mm and

is shown in Figure 5. It is a custom 160-segment LCD TN-type glass that combines nine individual

alphanumeric segment groups with numerous individual segments in the form of labels, punctuation,

icons, etc. The alphanumeric segment groups are labeled 1 to 9 starting from the leftmost character

position. The LCD panel is manufactured by S-Tek Displays (part number GD3980P).

Figure 5. Custom LCD from S-Tek Displays

The LCD panel’s segment layout is not the only important aspect of its design. Other LCD glass

specifications, such as those mentioned in Section 1.1, also dictate how the LCD glass must be driven by

an LCD driver for optimal performance. Table 2 provides a summary of GD3980P parameters.

Table 2. GD3890P Parameters

GD3890P Parameters Units Values

Driving Voltage Volts 3

Duty 1/4

Driving Frequency Hz 64

Operating Temperature C 0-50

Display Mode Positive, Reflective

Viewing Angle o’clock 6

Interfacing the LCD MCU to an LCD Glass

Interfacing an LCD to the MC9S08LC60, Rev. 0

Freescale Semiconductor 9

Figure 6 shows all 160 segments labeled individually. This information is provided by the LCD

manufacturer. See the appendix for the full GD3980P specification for S-Tek Displays.

Figure 6. Segment Labels

Interfacing an LCD to the MC9S08LC60, Rev. 0

Interfacing the LCD MCU to an LCD Glass

Freescale Semiconductor10

Table 3 lists the LCD glass pin out along with each of the 160 segment labels. The LCD glass has a total

of 44 pins, including four pins for backplane connections and 40 for frontplane connections.

Table 3. LCD Pin-Out Specification

PIN COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 PIN COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4

1 COM1 — — — 23 9K 9L 9D COL4

2 — COM2 — — 24 9B 9C DT9 V1

3 — — COM3 — 25 V2 AM PM OM

4 — — — COM4 26 KWh Amps Volts Program

5 1H 1F 1E 1N 27 VOL V3 V4 V5

6 1A1J1G1M 28T4T3T2T1

71K1L1DTIME 296B6CDT6T

8 1B 1C DT1 DT 30 6K 6L 6D K3

92H2F2E2N 316A6J6G6M

10 2A 2J 2G 2M 32 6H 6F 6E 6N

11 2K 2L 2D DATE 33 5B 5C COL2 DT5

12 2B 2C COL1 DT2 34 5K 5L 5D VOLUME

13 7H 7F 7E 7N 35 5L 5J 5G 5M

14 7A 7J 7G 7M 36 5H 5F 5E 5N

15 7K 7L 7D P 37 4B 4C DT4 K2

16 7B 7C COL3 DT7 38 4K 4L 4D TEMP

17 8H 8F 8E 8N 39 4A 4J 4G 4M

18 8A 8J 8G 8M 40 4H 4F 4E 4N

19 8K 8L 8D CONTRAST 41 3B 3C DT3 K1

20 8B 8C DT8 MODE 42 3K 3L 3D K

21 9H 9F 9E 9N 43 3A 3J 3G 3M

22 9A 9J 9G 9M 44 3H 3F 3E 3N

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