Panasonic HVX200A - Camcorder

THE INVALUABLE GUIDE

TO THE AG-HVX200

This guidebook provides a comprehensive description of the functions and features of

the AG-HVX200, from detailed information on the HD multi-format system, variable

frame rates, and P2 card recording, to a variety of application examples.

A Camera-Recorder Packed

with Leading-Edge Technology

and Know-How

DVCPRO HD Image Quality and

Performance

The AG-HVX200 records in all HD/SD

formats, including 1080i, 720p, and 480i. For

HD, it uses the broadcast-proven DVCPRO

HD format.

The Variable Frame Rate of VariCam

In addition to the 24p/30p frame rate for 720p

images, a variable frame rate lets you add

speed effects with the AG-HVX200, a

technique that was previously possible only

with a high-end AJ-HDC27F/H VariCam

system. Since frame rate conversion can be

done in-camera, the internal down conversion

allows the user to create variable frame rate

effects for standard definition DV projects.

P2 Card Speed and Future Potential

Video and audio signals are recorded onto

the P2 flash memory card. This will

revolutionize your workflow with the reliability,

speed, and IT connectivity that only solid-

state memory can offer. The AG-HVX200's

two P2 card slots provide a host of new

functions, such as hot swapping.

Featuring DVX100 Series Operating Ease

The operating ease and popular functions of

the DVX100 series, such as the cam-driven

manual zoom, manual operation, focus

assist, scene file dial, and user buttons, have

been further refined in this advanced camera-

recorder.

CONTENTS

1. Types and Differences of HD Video Formats

1-1 High-Quality HD/SD Multi-Format Recording 1

1-2 HD/SD Multi-Format Recording with the AG-HVX200 3

1-3 720 Progressive Scan HD Images with Higher Resolution than Interlaced 1080i 5

1-4 24p HD and a Cine-Like Gamma Curve Meet Film Production Needs 7

2. Advantages of DVCPRO HD

2-1 DVCPRO HD and the DVCPRO Family: A Proven Track Record in Broadcasting 9

2-2 DVCPRO's Intraframe Compression System:

Designed to Retain All Image Information 11

2-3 DVCPRO HD's 4:2:2 Sampling Rate Is Most Beneficial

for Professional Video Production 13

2-4 Differences in Audio Recording 15

2-5 Video Format and Codec Supported by AG-HVX200 16

3. A Revolution in Recording with the P2 Card

3-1 The P2 Card — A Breakthrough in Professional Media 17

3-2 The New P2 Card Workflow 19

3-3 P2 Card Recording Functions on the AG-HVX200 21

3-4 The P2 Workflow Following Acquisition 23

4. What's a Variable Frame Rate?

4-1 An Important Part of the VariCam's Creative Expressiveness 25

4-2 Overcranking and Undercranking by Changing the Frame Rate 27

4-3 Slow-Motion and Fast-Motion Effects 29

4-4 Native Mode (720/24pN and 720/30pN)

for Special Effects Using only the Camera-Recorder 33

4-5 720p (over 60p) Mode Provides Extra Convenience

for VariCam and Other Systems 35

5. Camera Functions and Operating Ease

Inheriting the Popular DVX100 Series Design 37

6. Applications and Workflows

6-1 High-End Production of Movies and Commercials 41

6-2 Video and Independent Movie Production 44

6-3 Events and Other Professional Video Work 47

6-4 Image Production Workflow Together with Tape 49

6-5 File-Based Image Production Workflow 51

6-6 DV-Based Image Production Workflow 53

6-7 News Workflow 55

7. Terminology and Specifications

Terminology 57

Specifications 63

1. Types and Differences of HD Video Formats

Newly Designed Leica Dicomar 13x Optical Zoom Lens for HD Applications

Developed specifically for HD recording, the new Leica Dicomar lens features a

large 82-mm (diameter) filter. Its powerful 13x optical zoom, cam-driven zoom ring,

and Optical Image Stabilizer (OIS) are also designed for HD recording use.

New High-Sensitivity Progressive CCD

This 1/3" progressive CCD rivals many HD broadcasting cameras with its

excellent balance of high resolution, S/N, and sensitivity. The camera section scans

a high resolution 1080p image at up to 60 frames per second, and it is from this

capture that all other signals are made.

New DSP with 14-bit A/D Conversion and 19-bit Processing

With its level of performance, this new digital signal processor includes gamma

Leica Dicomar HD Lens New High-Sensitivity

Progressive CCD

1-1 High-Quality HD (High Definition)/

SD (Standard Definition)

Multi-Format Recording

New DSP with 14-bit A/D Conversion

and 19-bit Processing

DVCPRO HD

DVCPRO50

DVCPRO

1080p processing

settings for a variety of image adjustments and handles P/I (Progressive to Interlace)

conversion, cross conversion and down conversion for HD and SD formats.

DVCPRO HD Recording onto a P2 Card

The AG-HVX200 is the compact camera-recorder to offer 1080/24p (over 60i)

shooting. You can also select 1080/60i, 1080/30p, 720/60p, 720/30p, or 720/24p

in HD. The multi-codec lets you choose either DVCPRO 50, DVCPRO, or DV format

for SD (480i) recording.

Built-in DV VTR

The DV VTR section allows the AG-HVX200 to also serve as a high-end DV

camera-recorder with 16:9 aspect ratio and 24p/30p (over 60i) recording.

P2 card

Mini DV tape

1. Types and Differences of HD Video Formats

1-2 HD/SD Multi-Format Recording

with the AG-HVX200

1080 lines

60 fields

720 lines

60 frames

480 lines

60 fields

1080i

720p

480i

1080/60i

This HD format is supported by DVCPRO HD, HDCAM, and HDV. This is a popular

broadcast HD format.

1080/24p (over 60i)

The 1080/24p format is commonly used for HD video masters of material shot on 35mm

film. It is supported by HD-D5 and other high-end equipment. It is possible to record in this

format, but it does not allow the use of speed effects because of its fixed frame rate. It also

requires the use of high-end editing equipment.

720p (over 60p)

This format, which is used in the DVCPRO HD VariCam, is another popular HD

broadcast format. The progressive shooting capability also offers smooth compatibility with

computer graphics. After editing, it can be converted to 1080/60i, 1080/24p, or 480/60i if

necessary. Besides the usual over 60p mode, AG-HVX200 has the recording capability in

720/24p and 720/30p native mode. It offers the advantages of a variable frame rate. See

the details in Chapter 4 [What's a Variable Frame Rate?].

480/60i

Also called 525i, this is the Standard Definition (SD) format used in today's TV

broadcasting. It is supported by almost all video equipment, including DVCPRO 50,

DVCPRO, and DV equipment. It also supports 30p and 24p progressive shooting, but its

output video signals are all 60i (through the pulldown).

❶The initial numbers "720" indicate that there

are 720 scanning lines per frame. The larger the

number, the higher the resolution as a still image.

❷The number "24" after the slash indicates that

24 frames or fields are displayed per second. The

larger the number, the more detailed the motion

in moving images.

❸The final "p" stands for progressive, or an "i"

stands for interlaced. See the next page for

details.

❹Stands for the frame rate of the recording

format. when it differs from the shooting rate of

the CCD (❷), it should be indicated.

Resolution and Frames per Second

720/24 p

❶ ❷ ❸

(over 60p)

❹

1. Types and Differences of HD Video Formats

1-3 720 Progressive Scan HD Images with

Higher Resolution than Interlaced 1080i

Many TV broadcasteres use the interlaced system, which divides each image into

alternating odd and even horizontal scan lines. For example, in 1080/60i, each field

displays 540 lines, or half of the total number of its 1,080 lines, every 1/60th of a

second. Each field combines with the next field to create a complete frame. This

naturally results in a time lag of 1/60th of a second, and none of the fields contain

the information for a complete image.

If you look closely at a frame taken by a 1080i or 480i interlaced camera, you'll

see blurring in fast-motion parts where the two images overlap. You'll also find

smearing in finely detailed parts because of the relatively low vertical resolution.

Each frame of a progressive image, on the other hand, contains all of the image

information, much like a film frame, because it consists of all of the scanning lines.

In this way, progressive images share more similarity with the images of film

cameras and computer graphics. From the viewpoint of versatility, there is a major

advantage in using progressive scanning for your original images.

The AG-HVX200 features a newly developed native progressive CCD. It produces

naturally high-quality images by capturing frames with complete image information

right from the beginning.

Interlace Image

Progressive Image

Close-Up Interlace Freeze Frame

Please note fine engraving next to

Jackson’s head Compare to new style US

$20 bill. But how does that relate to High

Definition. These next few slides offer

additional insight to the differences

between interlace and interpolated

information. This is a freeze frame from a

1080i camera, and notice that it has the

same confusing areas of moire like what

happens in Standard Definition.

Close-Up Progressive Freeze Frame

Please note direction of the fine engraving

next to Jackson’s head Compare with new

style US $20 bill. Engraving pattern is

correct.

However, the reality is the lines curve under

as shown on this 720P image. So a

progressive capture is more representative

of the subject matter.

Interlace Freeze Frame image

The picture on the left is an interlace

freeze frame, and because it's interlace it

doesn’t have a lot of detail that is

recognizable about the ball.

Progressive Freeze Frame Image

The progressive capture does an excellent

job of conveying information about the

design and make up of the ball.

The film cameras used in making movies have a

longer history than TV broadcasting cameras, and

capture 24 frames per second onto silver halide film.

Film cameras are used more frequently than video cameras

both in movies and in TV commercials and programs.

However, their use entails considerable expenses. In addition to the high cost of

film and developing, the fact that the images cannot be previewed on-the-spot

increases the labor expenses involved in production. This has led to the idea of

using video cameras, which use inexpensive, reusable P2 card and videotape, and

require no developing.

An alternative has arrived in the form of 24p HD shooting. Progressive scanning

produces 24 frames per second, with complete image information contained in

each frame. This provides the same frame speed and motion traits as film.

The AG-HVX200 can shoot in 1080/24p (30p), 720/24p (30p), and 480/24p (30p).

1. Types and Differences of HD Video Formats

1-4 24p HD and a Cine-Like Gamma Curve

Meet Film Production Needs

24 frame/s

24 frames

per sec.

60 fields

per sec.

Movie Film Video

24p

60i

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