Prostat PRF-930 Bedienungsanleitung
User Manual
PRF-930
POWDER RESISTANCE FIXTURE
Page
I. Introducon & Descripon 4
II. Fixture Component Descripons 4
III. Resistance Measurement Procedure 6
IV. Disassembly & Cleaning 11
VWarranty 15
General Specicaons 16
Copyright © 2011 by Prostat® Corporaon. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this
manual may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without wrien permission. For informaon contact
Prostat Corporaon, 1072 Tower Lane, Bensenville, IL 60106 USA
Prostat is the registered trademark of Prostat® Corporaon
The PRF-930 Powder Resistance Fixture measures the
bulk resistance of powder and granulated materials.
Test material is placed in the cavity between the mea-
surement plates. Once a measurement has been made
in ohms, a xture calculaon, or correcon factor, con-
verts the resistance measurement to volume resisvity
in ohm-cm. The PRF-930 provides the most accurate
measurements when used with a precision wide range
resistance instrument, such as the Prostat PRS-801
Resistance System, or equivalent laboratory system.
For guarded plate measurements use an instrument
ground reference.
The PRF-930 Powder Fixture meets requirements of “Technical Recommendaons of Naonal Instute
of Occupaonal Safety and Health JNIOSH-TR-No. 42 (2007) Recommendaons for Requirements for
Avoiding Electrostac Hazards in Industry 2007”
A. Acrylic Frame
An electrically insulave acrylic frame provides structural support and precise posioning of the
two measurement plates.
MATERIAL TEST CAVITY
POWER PLATE
(Test Voltage)
MEASUREMENT PLATE
(Current Sensing)
ACRYLIC FRAME
5
Rev. A / January 2010
PRF-930 Advanced Powder Fixture
Once assembled in the acrylic frame, the two plates form a cavity that becomes the material test
area. Powder substances are loaded into the xture completely lling the test cavity. A test volt-
age is applied to the power plate and current through the material is sensed on the measure-ment
plate.
B. Measurement Plate
The PRF-930 concentric measurement plate assembly
consists of a center plate with a diameter of approxi-
mately 2.4 cm (0.945 inch), having a surface area of 4.5
cm2 (0.7 in2). The center plate is separated from the
measurement guard plate by a virgin Teon™ insert
(Figure 3).
When installed in the acrylic xture the center plate is
posioned directly against the test material. The center
plate connects to the resistance instrument using the
Black receptacle on the plate’s outer surface (Figure 4).
The measurement guard plate connects to the instru-
ment’s ground reference using the Green receptacle on
the outer measurement plate assembly.
C. Power Plate
Power is applied to the material under test by the
xture’s power plate. Connecon to the power plate is
made using the Red connector (Figure 5). Test voltage
is applied to material under test by contact with the
power plate’s inner surface.
Power Plate
Outer Surface
Power Plate
Inner Surface
Power Connecon
6Rev. A / January 2010
PRF-930 Advanced Powder Fixture
The resistance measurement and resisvity calculaon procedure includes the following Steps:
• Filling the xture cavity with material for tesng
• Connecng the xture to a resistance instrument for measurement
• Making a material measurement in
• Consider variables eecng resistance measurements
• Calculang Volume Resisvity of the test material in ohm-cm
A. Filling the Fixture Cavity
Before using the xture be sure it is clean and properly assembled. (See “Disassembly & Cleaning”,
below.) The volume of the xture is approximately 15 cm3. Depending on material characteriscs
approximately 1.0 tablespoon will be required to completely ll the xture cavity. Place the mate-
rial in the PRF-930 and compress it lightly.
Material compression should be limited to the degree that represents the material’s use, transport
or storage condions. This is subjecve and best determined by personnel most experienced with
the material process and applicaons. In any event, do not compress the material to an extreme
degree beyond that which the material experiences under ordinary condions.
Follow material manufacturer or supplier’s safety precauons, procedures and han-
dling recommendaons when tesng any material.
1. Level the material at the top surface of the xture. (Figure 6)
7
Rev. A / January 2010
PRF-930 Advanced Powder Fixture
2. Be sure the wipe excess material from the top of the acrylic frame
B. Fixture Connecons
Three connecons to a precision, wide range resistance system (Figure 7) are required for accurate
measurements:
1. Connect the instrument’s test voltage (power) lead, usually from the Posive (+) terminal to
the Red connecon mounted on the xture’s power plate.
2. Connect the instrument’s current sensing lead, usually the Negave (-) terminal, to the Black
center plate recepcal.
Negave (-)
Terminal
Instrument Ground
Reference
Posive (+)
Terminal
3. Connect the instrument’s ground reference to the Green guard plate recepcal
C. Making the Resistance Measurement
The PRF-930 complies with the fundamental requirements of measuring bulk resistance of pow-
dered and granulated materials. Actual procedures and specied condions may vary between
test methods cited by standards bodies in dierent countries. The PRF-930 was designed in accor-
dance with the Recommended Pracce for Protecon against Hazard arising out of Stac Electric-
ity in General Industrie, published by The Naonal Instute of Industrial Safety, Japan, Technical
Recommendaon No. RIIS-TR-87-1. Other naonal commiees may be examining similar methods
for these measurements.
Center Plate
Connecon
Guard Plate
Connecon
Power Plate
Connecon
8Rev. A / January 2010
PRF-930 Advanced Powder Fixture
For illustrave purposes, the following procedure is based on resistance measurement protocol
developed by the Electrostac Discharge Associaon (ESDA) Standards Commiee, which is based
in Rome, New York, USA. Use other recommended measurement protocol when suitable and avail-
able.
1. Connect material lled xture to resistance measurement system as discussed above.
2. Energize the instrument in accordance with manufacturer’s instrucons.
3. Select Test Voltage of 10 volts
4. Start the instrument’s TEST sequence where test voltage is applied to the xture.
5. If indicated resistance is less than 1.0x106 ohms, record the measurement aer a steady state
value has been reached
6. If indicated resistance at 10 volts is greater than 1.0x106 ohms, stop the test
7. Reset the test voltage to 100 volts
8. Start the TEST sequence and apply 100 volts to the xture for the instrument’s electricaon
period, or unl a steady state value has been reached.
Or use the test voltage and electricaon period required by the applicable standard
test method or procedure
9. Record the measurement in ohms
D. Variables Eecng Resistance Measurements
Several factors will eect resistance measurements, including:
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Material Compression
• Material Moisture Content
• Test Voltage
• Instrumentaon Electricaon Period
• Material Composion
• Other factors depending on condions and material characteriscs
Repeatability between measurements, and reproducibility between laboratories are eected by all
of these variables. One must understand the eect of resistance measurement variables to avoid
confusion and misunderstandings between dierent test results.
Increased ambient humidity or material moisture will reduce the resistance measurement, that is:
cause the material to appear more conducve. Lower humdiy, reduces material moisture con-
tent, which increases indicated material resistance. High test voltage may (1) “boil” o moisture,
or (2) change the material’s electrical characteriscs. Idenfy and record all the apparent variables
in your measurement situaon to provide validity, repeatability and reproducibility to your mea-
surements.
9
Rev. A / January 2010
PRF-930 Advanced Powder Fixture
To enhance repeatability of successive measurements allow the meaterial to rest between mea-
surements. One general guideline is recording the electricaon period required for a steady state
measurement and then add one minute to the measurement me to calculate the minimum rest
period between measurements. For example, if 1 minute is used to obtain a steady state measure-
ment – plus 1 minute – the rest me between measurements of the same sample is 2 minutes. On
the other hand, if a steady state measurement is obtained in 15 seconds, the total minimum me
between measurements is 1 minute 15 seconds. Typically, materials will be precondioned at de-
ned temperature and relave humidity for 48 hours or more, and measured in the same environ-
ment using dened procedures to reduce the eect of ambient variables.
E. Calculang Volume Resisvity (ohm-cm)
Resistance is a measurement, whereas Volume Resisivity is a calculaon based on (1) a resistance
measurement, (2) xture dimensions and, (3) material thickness. To convert resistance measure-
ments in ohms obtained with the PRF-930 to volume resisvity () in ohm-cm, we use the follow-
ing equaon to convert the resistance measurement to resisvity.
Where,
R = Resistance obtained from the material measurement in ohms
A = Area of the xture’s center plate in cm2
d = Distance in cm between the measurement and power plates.
The relaonship of A divided by d is oen re-
ferred to as a in cm (CF), which is mulplied
by the measured resistance to obtain resisvity. (See
, below)
Exact xture dimensions can be obtained during xture clean-
ing using the measurement procedures described below. When
the xture is disassembled, and aer it is cleaned, measure the
concentric center plate with a micrometer as shown in Figure 8,
at right.
The center plate area A is calculated using the equaon:
Where p is approximately 3.1416 and r is the radius of the cen-
ter plate, which is one-half the plate diameter. The distance d
between plates is measured with a micrometer (Figure 9) aer
the xture is reassembled. The measurement is made at the
center point of the measurement plates, midway between the
acrylic frame vercal supports.
dbe
10 Rev. A / January 2010
PRF-930 Advanced Powder Fixture
Andere Handbücher für PRF-930
1
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beliebte Leuchte Handbücher anderer Marken
Emos
Emos CLASSIC ZY1431T Bedienungsanleitung
Westinghouse
Westinghouse Outdoor Lighting Fixture Bedienungsanleitung
Hedler
Hedler C 12 silent Bedienungsanleitung
Blizzard Lighting
Blizzard Lighting Puck: CSI Bedienungsanleitung
Energetic Lighting
Energetic Lighting ELYSL-5004 Series Bedienungsanleitung
Lightmaxx
Lightmaxx Shaft 5R Bedienungsanleitung
Cooper Lighting
Cooper Lighting Halo L3232E Bedienungsanleitung
Stageline
Stageline ODW-2410RGBW Bedienungsanleitung
Light Sky
Light Sky Tornado Series Bedienungsanleitung
Lightolier
Lightolier Paralyte 2424 PLA2G9LS26U Bedienungsanleitung
Lightolier
Lightolier Lytespan 83ED17S Bedienungsanleitung
Lightolier
Lightolier Calculite CS8226 Bedienungsanleitung