Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION... Bedienungsanleitung

Red Hat Linux 7.2

The Official Red Hat Linux Customization Guide

ISBN: N/A

Red Hat, Inc.

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ditions set forth in the Open Publication License, V1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available

at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).

Distribution of substantively modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit per-

mission of the copyright holder.

Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form for commercial

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Red Hat, Red Hat Network, the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo, RPM, Maximum RPM, the RPM logo,

Linux Library, PowerTools, Linux Undercover, RHmember, RHmember More, Rough Cuts, Rawhide

and all Red Hat-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc.

in the United States and other countries.

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Motif and UNIX are registered trademarks of The Open Group.

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marks or registered trademarks and/or service marks of Compaq.

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SSH and Secure Shell are trademarks of SSH Communications Security, Inc.

FireWire is a trademark of Apple Computer Corporation.

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Printed in Canada, Ireland, and Japan

This manual is dedicated to Carole Williams, a valuable contributor to the Red Hat documentation

team. Carole, we wish you all the best in your future endeavors. We miss your wisdom, superior

editing skills, ability to write humor into just about any topic, and jokes that made each day a joy to

work with you. Every time we eat a piece of chocolate we will think of you!

iii

Contents

Red Hat Linux 7.2

Introduction................................................................................... xi

Document Conventions.................................................................... xi

MoretoCome.............................................................................. xv

Part I Installation-Related Reference....................................... 17

Chapter 1 Kickstart Installations............................................ 19

1.1 What are Kickstart Installations?................................................ 19

1.2 How Do You Perform a Kickstart Installation?................................. 19

1.3 Starting a Kickstart Installation.................................................. 21

1.4 The Kickstart File................................................................. 23

1.5 Kickstart Options ................................................................. 24

Chapter 2 Kickstart Configurator........................................... 47

2.1 Basic Configuration............................................................... 47

2.2 Boot Loader Options ............................................................. 49

2.3 Installation Method ............................................................... 50

2.4 Partition Information.............................................................. 52

2.5 Network Configuration ........................................................... 54

2.6 Authentication..................................................................... 55

2.7 Firewall Configuration............................................................ 56

2.8 X Configuration ................................................................... 56

2.9 Package Selection................................................................ 60

2.10 Pre-Installation Script ............................................................ 61

2.11 Post-Installation Script ........................................................... 62

2.12 Saving the File.................................................................... 64

Chapter 3 Rescue Mode .......................................................... 65

3.1 What is Rescue Mode? .......................................................... 65

Chapter 4 Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) .71

4.1 What is RAID? .................................................................... 71

4.2 Who Should Use RAID? ......................................................... 71

4.3 Hardware RAID versus Software RAID ........................................ 71

4.4 RAID Levels and Linear Support................................................ 72

Chapter 5 Software RAID Configuration ............................... 75

Part II Network-Related References.......................................... 79

Chapter 6 Network Configuration .......................................... 81

6.1 Adding Network Hardware....................................................... 81

6.2 Adding a Device .................................................................. 83

6.3 Managing DNS Settings ......................................................... 85

Chapter 7 Basic Firewall Configuration ................................ 87

7.1 Basic............................................................................... 88

7.2 Local Hosts........................................................................ 89

7.3 DHCP.............................................................................. 89

7.4 Configuring Services............................................................. 90

7.5 Activating the Firewall............................................................ 91

Chapter 8 Controlling Access to Services............................ 93

8.1 Runlevels.......................................................................... 94

8.2 TCP Wrappers.................................................................... 94

8.3 Serviceconf........................................................................ 95

8.4 ntsysv.............................................................................. 97

8.5 chkconfig.......................................................................... 98

8.6 Additional Resources ............................................................ 99

Chapter 9 OpenSSH................................................................. 101

9.1 Why Use OpenSSH?............................................................. 101

9.2 Configuring an OpenSSH Server............................................... 101

9.3 Configuring an OpenSSH Client ................................................ 102

9.4 Additional Resources ............................................................ 107

Chapter 10 Network File System (NFS) ................................... 109

10.1 Why Use NFS? ................................................................... 109

10.2 Mounting NFS Filesystems...................................................... 109

10.3 Exporting NFS Filesystems ..................................................... 111

10.4 Additional Resources ............................................................ 112

Chapter 11 Samba...................................................................... 115

11.1 Why Use Samba? ................................................................ 115

11.2 Configuring Samba............................................................... 115

11.3 Connecting to a Samba Share.................................................. 116

11.4 Using Samba with Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000..................... 117

11.5 Additional Resources ............................................................ 118

Chapter 12 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) .. 121

12.1 Why Use DHCP? ................................................................. 121

12.2 Configuring a DHCP Server..................................................... 121

12.3 Configuring a DHCP Client...................................................... 127

12.4 Additional Resources ............................................................ 128

Chapter 13 Kerberos.................................................................. 129

13.1 Configuring a Kerberos 5 Server................................................ 129

13.2 Configuring a Kerberos 5 Client................................................. 131

13.3 Additional Resources ............................................................ 132

Chapter 14 Apache Configuration............................................ 135

14.1 Basic Settings..................................................................... 136

14.2 Default Settings................................................................... 137

14.3 Virtual Hosts Settings ............................................................ 145

14.4 Server Settings ................................................................... 150

14.5 Performance Tuning.............................................................. 152

14.6 Saving Your Settings ............................................................. 154

14.7 Additional Resources ............................................................ 155

Chapter 15 Apache Secure Server Configuration.................. 157

15.1 Introduction........................................................................ 157

15.2 An Overview of Security-Related Packages................................... 157

15.3 An Overview of Certificates and Security...................................... 160

15.4 Using Pre-Existing Keys and Certificates...................................... 161

15.5 Types of Certificates.............................................................. 162

15.6 Generating a Key ................................................................. 163

15.7 Generating a Certificate Request to Send to a CA ........................... 165

15.8 Creating a Self-Signed Certificate .............................................. 167

15.9 Testing Your Certificate .......................................................... 168

15.10 Accessing Your Secure Server.................................................. 169

15.11 Additional Resources ............................................................ 170

Chapter 16 BIND Configuration................................................ 173

16.1 Adding a Forward Master Zone ................................................. 174

16.2 Adding a Reverse Master Zone................................................. 176

16.3 Adding a Slave Zone............................................................. 178

Part III System Configuration ..................................................... 181

Chapter 17 Console Access...................................................... 183

17.1 Disabling Shutdown Via Ctrl-Alt-Del............................................ 183

17.2 Disabling Console Program Access ............................................ 184

17.3 Disabling All Console Access ................................................... 184

17.4 Defining the Console............................................................. 184

17.5 Making Files Accessible From the Console.................................... 185

17.6 Enabling Console Access for Other Applications ............................. 185

vii

17.7 The floppy Group ................................................................. 186

Chapter 18 Time and Date Configuration................................ 187

18.1 Time and Date Properties ....................................................... 187

18.2 Time Zone Configuration ........................................................ 189

Chapter 19 User and Group Configuration............................. 191

19.1 Adding a New User............................................................... 192

19.2 Modifying User Properties....................................................... 193

19.3 Adding a New Group............................................................. 194

19.4 Modifying Group Properties ..................................................... 195

Chapter 20 Gathering System Information ............................. 197

20.1 System Processes................................................................ 197

20.2 Memory Usage ................................................................... 199

20.3 Filesystems ....................................................................... 200

20.4 Hardware.......................................................................... 201

20.5 Sysreport.......................................................................... 202

20.6 Additional Resources ............................................................ 203

Chapter 21 Printer Configuration............................................. 205

21.1 Adding a Local Printer ........................................................... 207

21.2 Adding a Remote UNIX Printer ................................................. 210

21.3 Adding a Samba (SMB) Printer ................................................. 212

21.4 Adding a Novell NetWare (NCP) Printer ....................................... 215

21.5 Adding a JetDirect Printer ....................................................... 216

21.6 Selecting the Print Driver and Finishing........................................ 218

21.7 Printing a Test Page.............................................................. 220

21.8 Modifying Existing Printers ...................................................... 220

21.9 Saving the Configuration File.................................................... 223

21.10 Managing Your Print Jobs ....................................................... 224

21.11 Additional Resources ............................................................ 224

viii

Chapter 22 Automated Tasks.................................................... 227

22.1 Cron................................................................................ 227

22.2 Configuring a Cron Task......................................................... 227

22.3 Anacron............................................................................ 229

22.4 Additional Resources ............................................................ 230

Chapter 23 Ugrading the Kernel............................................... 233

23.1 The 2.4 Kernel .................................................................... 233

23.2 Preparing to Upgrade ............................................................ 234

23.3 Downloading the Upgraded Kernel ............................................. 235

23.4 Performing the Upgrade ......................................................... 235

23.5 Configuring the Boot Loader .................................................... 236

23.6 Additional Resources ............................................................ 239

Chapter 24 Kernel Modules....................................................... 241

24.1 Kernel Module Utilities ........................................................... 241

24.2 Additional Resources ............................................................ 243

Part IV Package Management ..................................................... 245

Chapter 25 Package Management with RPM.......................... 247

25.1 RPM Design Goals............................................................... 247

25.2 UsingRPM........................................................................ 248

25.3 Checking a Package’s Signature ............................................... 254

25.4 Impressing Your Friends with RPM............................................. 256

25.5 Additional Resources ............................................................ 258

Chapter 26 Gnome-RPM............................................................ 261

26.1 Starting Gnome-RPM ............................................................ 262

26.2 The Package Display............................................................. 264

26.3 Installing New Packages......................................................... 265

26.4 Configuration...................................................................... 267

26.5 Package Manipulation............................................................ 273

Chapter 27 Red Hat Network..................................................... 279

Part V Appendixes....................................................................... 281

Appendix A Building a Custom Kernel..................................... 283

A.1 Building a Modularized Kernel .................................................. 283

A.2 Making an initrd Image........................................................... 286

A.3 Configuring the Boot Loader .................................................... 286

A.4 Building a Monolithic Kernel..................................................... 289

Appendix B Getting Started with Gnu Privacy Guard............. 291

B.1 An Introduction to GnuPG ....................................................... 291

B.2 Generating a Keypair............................................................. 292

B.3 Generating a Revocation Certificate............................................ 294

B.4 Exporting your Public Key ....................................................... 295

B.5 Importing a Public Key ........................................................... 298

B.6 What Are Digital Signatures? ................................................... 299

B.7 Additional Resources ............................................................ 299

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