Relcom CBR-7AC Bedienungsanleitung

CBR-7 Installation and Testing 501-281, Rev C.0

Installation

and Testing

5 Mbit/s

Repeater

Carrier-band

to Single-mode

Fiber Optic

Models

CBR-7AC

CBR-7DC

This manual describes the procedures for installing and testing the CBR-7 Fiber-Optic Repeaters.

oFor an explanation of how to install the coaxial cable part of the carrierband network, see

Relcom’s Carrier-band Network Handbook.

oFor an explanation of how fiber optics works, see Relcom’s Guide to Industrial Fiber Optics.

oFor an explanation about how repeaters work, and CBR-7 system design information, see

Relcom’s CBR-7 System Design Application Note, document 501-276.

oFor technical specifications, see the CBR-7 product specification, document PS-029.

CBR-7 Installation and Testing 501-281, Rev C.0

Repeater Installation

The Repeater is connected to segments of the Carrier-band network like any other station

through a drop cable and a tap. The following should be considered when installing a Repeater:

oPlace the Repeater where its indicator lights can be seen. This will help identify and isolate

network problems if they occur.

oWhile the Repeater is fully enclosed, it is not waterproof. Install the Repeater in a dry place.

oThe Repeater operates at temperatures between -20 and +65 °C (-4 to 150 °F). However, do

not install the Repeater in places where it will be heated by other equipment or where there is

no airflow.

oA rack mounting kit for the Repeater is available.

Power

The Repeater is powered from an AC or DC power source depending on the option chosen.

CBR-7AC power input range is from 85 to 240 volts, 47 to 63 Hertz. The power cord connection

to the Repeater is a standard IEC 320 plug. Different types of power cords can be used to adapt

to various types of power sources.

CBR-7DC power input range is from 18 to 36 Volts DC.

CBR-7DC:

WARNING: FOR PERMANENTLY CONNECTED EQUIPMENT, A READILY

ACCESSIBLE DISCONNECT DEVICE SHALL BE INCORPORATED IN THE FIXED

WIRING.

AVERTISSEMENT: POUR LES ÉQUIPEMENTS RACCORDÉS EN PERMANENCE, UN

DISPOSITIF DE DÉCONNEXION FACILEMENT ACCESSIBLE DOIT ÊTRE INCORPORÉ

DANS LE CÂBLAGE FIXE.

Grounding

Both F-connectors are grounded to the Repeater's case for reducing RFI emissions.

The Repeater's case is connected to the front panel TEST F-connector, to the mains ground

connection on the AC model, to the GND terminal on the DC model, and to the ¼-20 stud on the

back panel.

Attach a ground wire from the ground stud to the grounding facilities provided in the building.

Use a grounding wire that has a current carrying capacity equal or greater than that of the drop

cable outer conductor.

CBR-7 Installation and Testing 501-281, Rev C.0

Hazardous Area Warning

For both AC and DC Repeaters, users are warned not to disconnect power to the Repeater

while the circuit is alive unless the location is known to be non-hazardous.

AC Power plugs

CBR-7 Installation and Testing 501-281, Rev C.0

Testing

A self-testing capability is provided for checking the operation of the Repeater before it is

connected to a network or if a malfunction is suspected.

1. Connect the Repeater to a power source.

The power indicator light, PWR, should be ON. The other indicator lights should be OFF

2. Connect the short test cable from the TEST F-connector to the F-connector labeled A.

3. If another Fiber Optic Repeater is available, connect the XMIT line of the first Repeater to the

REC line on the second Repeater. The ACTIVE light for the Fiber Optic input on the second

Repeater should be ON.

4. Connect F-connector A of the second Repeater with a 75 ohm terminated cable to an

oscilloscope. The second Repeater will put out signal bursts on its connector A. The peak-to-

peak voltage of the bursts should be between 3.0 and 3.9 Volts. (Keep in mind that the cable

gives a direct reading and is not a 10:1 probe.)

Repeat the procedure with the Repeaters reversed. Test only one direction at a time with a single

fiber optic cable connecting the two repeaters.

There is no built-in provision for testing the Fiber Optic input or output other than to connect two

Repeaters back-to-back and use the TEST signal to check the operation of the Fiber Optic ports

as described above.

If these tests do not produce the specified results, the Repeater(s) may be defective and should be

returned for repair.

THERE ARE NO USER ADJUSTMENTS OR REPAIRS TO BE MADE INSIDE THE

REPEATER.

For guidance about installing the carrier-band segment of the network, see Relcom's Carrier-

band Network Handbook.

CBR-7 Installation and Testing 501-281, Rev C.0

Troubleshooting

During normal Repeater operation, the PWR light is ON, the two ACTIVE lights are ON and

OFF intermittently and the ERROR lights may blink occasionally. If not, check the following list

of symptoms and possible corrections:

1. The PWR light is OFF

Check the power cord and the power source.

2. An ACTIVE light is ON indicates that data is being received from that network segment.

Normally the ACTIVE light shows differing levels of brightness indicating the relative amount

of data received from the corresponding segment. If the light is solidly OFF, no data is being

received. The causes may be:

The Repeater is disconnected from the network segment. Check the network wiring.

None of the stations on the network segment are transmitting.

The signal from the coaxial cable to the Repeater is too low. Check the signal level with the

Carrier-band Tester.

The Repeater is defective. Check the Repeater with the test procedures above.

3. If the ERROR indicator light blinks ON the Repeater has received a frame with an error. The

ERROR light should blink ON no more than once every 20 seconds. This corresponds to a bit

error rate of about 10 -8 or one bad bit received for one hundred million sent. If the ERROR light

blinks ON more frequently:

There may be excessive noise on the network coaxial cable segment. Use the Carrier-band Tester

to determine the noise level.

The Repeater may be receiving a signal from the coaxial cable that is too low. This may be a

result of improper network design, failure in the cables or taps, or some station not transmitting

at a sufficiently high signal level.

Note: Some systems are setup to switch between cables on a regular basis. These transitions may

also cause the ERROR indicator to blink; these ERROR indications are part of the normal

operation of the system and they can be ignored.

The Repeater detects two types of errors:

a. If the Repeater detects a start delimiter of a frame but no end delimiter before the received

signal drops below threshold.

b. If the Repeater detects three consecutive "highs" or three consecutive "lows" within a bit cell.

These are violations of the data encoding used in carrier-band.

The Repeater does not check frame CRCs or other types of network errors. The ERROR

indicator lights are only a diagnostic aid for pointing to a segment that may be generating more

than the expected number of errors.

THERE ARE NO USER ADJUSTMENTS OR REPAIRS THAT CAN BE PERFORMED ON

THE REPEATER. IF THE REPEATER DOES NOT WORK PROPERLY, RETURN IT TO

RELCOM FOR REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT.

CBR-7 Installation and Testing 501-281, Rev C.0

Fiber-Optic Testing

When the CBR-7 repeaters and the optical components are installed, they must be tested to verify

that they work properly.

The fiber optic components between two CBR-7 repeaters must be able to carry light signals

from the transmitter of one repeater to the receiver of the other. The components include the

main cable between the two repeaters, and may also include a patch panel at each end, the patch

cables, and an attenuator. Some installations may also have more optical interconnection

components.

Patch Panel

The total attenuation (insertion loss) of optical components must be at least 15

dB but not more than 24 dB. If necessary, an attenuator must be used on the

transmit side of the main fiber-optic cable.

For example: Assume that each optical connection has an attenuation of 0.5 dB and there are

two connections at the transmitter side and two at the receiver side. The main cable is 8 km long

and has an attenuation of 0.4 dB/km for a total attenuation of 3.2 dB. The total fiber-optic

attenuation is

2 X 0.5 + 3.2 + 2 X 0.5 = 5.2 dB

To get into the needed attenuation range, a 10 dB attenuator needs to be put at the transmitter

output. The calculated attenuation of all the fiber optic components is:

10 + 5.2 = 15.2 dB.

CBR-7 Installation and Testing 501-281, Rev C.0

Attenuation Measurement

Determine the light output level of the CBR-7 transmitter. Disconnect all patch cables from the

transmitter. Connect a coaxial cable between the Test and the A connectors of the CBR-7.

Connect a light meter to the transmit connector. Power the CBR-7 and measure the transmitter

light level.

CBR-7

XMIT

Rec

TEST -5 dBm

Light

Meter

Disconnect the light meter from the transmitter. Connect the patch cable to the transmitter and

all the other optical components. Measure the light level at the receiver of the corresponding

CBR-7 repeater. This should be close to the level measured at the transmitter minus the

calculated attenuation determined at design.

Patch

Cable Patch

Cable

Patch Panel

Attn

CBR-7 A

XMIT

REC

TEST

-11.2dBm

Light

Meter

CBR-7 Installation and Testing 501-281, Rev C.0

From the example above, if the light measured at the receiver is -11.2dBm then the Measured

Attenuation of the optical components is:

-5dBm (the measured transmitter output) – (-11.2dBm) = 6.2 dB

This is 1 dB more than the calculated attenuation value. A variation of 1 dB is not critical. A

larger deviation would indicate a problem with the attenuation estimate and might indicate that

optical components are out of specification.

CBR-7 Installation and Testing 501-281, Rev C.0

Return Loss

CBR-7 performance depends on low return losses (reflections) of the optical components. This

must be measured to be sure all the optical components are within their specifications.

Transmit side

With all the optical components connected together, disconnect the patch cable at the CBR-7

transmitter and measure the return loss of the optical components without the attenuator with an

Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, OTDR, as shown below. Neglect any near-end readings.

The return loss of interest is that at the end of the cable as seen from the transmitter end. Note

the value as Transmit Return Loss.

CBR-7 Installation and Testing 501-281, Rev C.0

Receiver side

With all the optical components connected, disconnect the CBR-7 at the receiver. (Be sure that

the CBR-7 on the transmit side is not powered). Measure the return loss of the optical

components as shown below. Neglect any near-end readings. The return loss of interest is that

at the end of the cable as seen from the receiver end. Note this as Receive Return Loss.

For proper operation of the CBR-7 repeaters over the fiber optic cable

The value of the attenuator + Transmitter Return Loss + Receiver Return

Loss must be at least 48 dB.

If this is not the case, there is something wrong with the attenuator or the patch cable assemblies

that produces extraordinary reflections.

In the example above, the attenuator’s value is 10 dB. Assume the measured Transmitter Return

Loss is 20.2 dB and the Receiver Return Loss is measured to be 32.2 dB. Then

10 Attenuator value

20.2 Transmit Return Loss

32.2 Receive Return Loss

62.4 Total

In this example, the total of 62.4 is over the required 48.

For both the Transmitter and Receiver return loss measurements, neglect any near-end readings.

The measurement of interest is at the end of the cable. If there are other reflections that are not at

the cable’s length mark and these are closer to the measurement of interest than 10 dB, then there

is something wrong with the optical components at that location.

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