RoboSpecies RobotriX Electronica Bedienungsanleitung
C I R C U I T D E S I G N I N G
S O L D E R I N G
PROTOTYPING
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ABOUT ROBOTRIX ELECTRONICA
RoboSpecies presents a world class engineering Robocs Kit which brings Science,
Technology, Engineering & Imaginaon together in a fun and challenging way.
RobotriX Electronica is a plaorm designed for kids of ages 10+.
With the help of RobotriX Electronica, children can not only learn various concepts of
Science and Technology but also develop Prototyping skills like Circuit Designing,
Soldering, innovave designs etc.
• RobotriX Electronica is a kit intended to introduce students to the excing world of
Prototyping & Circuit Designing.
• It is based on Stem Concept, i.e. Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathemacs
aer long research & development by highly experienced engineers.
• It is a complete and innovave plaorm to explore science.
• Best suited for creaon of Prototypes.
INDEX
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1. What’s in the Box.....................................................2
2. Basic Elecronics...................................................4-23
LED...............................................................................5
Resistor......................................................................6-8
Oha’s Law.....................................................................9
Capacitor....................................................................10
Transistor....................................................................11
Bread Board...............................................................12
DC Motor...................................................................13
DPDT Switch..............................................................14
Rainbow Wire & Power Supply..................................15
Integrated Circuits.....................................................16
IC Holder & Stac Precauon....................................17
555 Timer & LM 358..................................................18
L293D.........................................................................19
LM 7805 & Soldering Kit............................................20
Soldering Kit Descripon.......................................21-22
Soldering Tips.............................................................23
Soldering Steps...........................................................24
3. Tips & Tricks.......................................................26-27
4. Projects..............................................................28-58
Manual Roboc Car................................................28-31
1
Basic LED Glow Circuit...........................................32-33
LED Glow Using Push Buon..................................33-34
Fading an LED Using Potenometer ......................35-36
Darkness Acvaon System Using LDR..................36-37
Light Acvaon System Using LDR.........................38-39
Transistor as a NOT Gate........................................39-40
Transistor as a Touch Switch...................................41-42
Led Blinking Using 555 Timer..................................42-43
Designing IR Sensor on Breadboard.......................44-45
Designing Motor Driver on Breadboard.................46-47
Designing IR Sensor on Zero PCB...........................48-51
Designing Motor Driver on Zero PCB ....................52-56
Line Follower Robot...............................................57-58
What’s in the Box
2
1x Chassis
1x 7805
1x Desoldering
Wick
2 Meter
Rainbow wire
1x Bread
Board
2x Motor 1x 555IC 2x DPDT
Switch
25x F-F
Wire
5x LED
Green
1x L293D 1x Solder
Wire
1x Solder
Stand
1x Transistor 4x IR LED &
Photodiode
4x Green
Conector
20x 1K Ohm
Resistor
2x Wheel 1x Wire
Striper
1x Caster
Wheel
4x Single
Stand Wire
1xScrew
Driver
2xDC Jack 1x Buzzer
5x Nuts
& Bolts
1x LDR
5x LED
Yellow
5x LED
Blue
1x Manual
2x LM358
1x Flux
1x IC Base
16 Pin
5x Berg Strip
Male
10x LED
Red
1x Solder
Gloves
2x On/Off
Push Switch
2x Baery
Cap
2x IC Base
8 Pin
5x 150k Ohm
Resistor
5x 10K Ohm
Resistor
2x Zero
PCB
4x Pot
4x Push
Buon
1x Solder
Iron
2x DC Pin
with Baery Cap
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This
Will
Make
You
S m a r t e r
“Gives you better tools to
think about the world and is
eminently practical for daily life.”
3
Basic Electronics
Concepts of Science
This Secon of RobotriX Kids covers a wide study of science including all the basic science Principles
like:
• LED
• Resistence
• OHM’s Law
• Capacitor
• Berg Strip
• Breadboard
• Circuit Designing
• Prototyping
• Soldering
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Basic Electronics
Light Emitting Diodes in short LED are diodes (electronic components
that let electricity pass in only one direction) that emit visible light when
electricity is applied, much like a light bulb. Early LEDs emitted low-
intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the
visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.
5
Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as
replacements for aviation lighting, automotive lighting (in particular
brake lamps, turn signals, and indicators) as well as in traffic signals.
LEDs have allowed new text, video displays, and sensors to be
developed, while their high switching rates are also useful in advanced
communications technology.
LED as you see is round or dome shaped from top with two legs coming
out at the bottom. One of the leg is longer than the other; it is because to
identify the anode and cathode terminal. As said before LED is a
form of diode thus will conduct electricity or glow only when it is
connected properly i.e. positive terminal or anode of LED is
connected to positive terminal of battery and negative terminal or
cathode of LED is connected to negative terminal of the battery.
LED orientation is given by Figure 1.
Infrared LEDs are also used in remote control units of many
commercial products including televisions, DVD players, and other
domestic appliances. LEDs come in different shapes and sizes, some
shapes of LEDs are given below:
Figure 1
LED
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Basic Electronics
6
Resistors as the name suggests “resist” the electrical current going through them. You can think of resistors as “brakes” for
electrons. By controlling the electrons going through a resistor, you can make a circuit do different things.
The Figure shows a type of 4 band resistor. Resistors may be the primary building block of circuits, so you see
them quite a bit in electronics projects. Here are some of the things you can use them for:
ŸLimiting current to another component: Some parts, such as LEDs, eat up current. Like a kid eats candy bars they
try to gobble up as much as you give them. But LEDs run into a problem that they burn themselves out if they eat too
much current. You can use a resistor to limit the amount of current that reaches an LED.
ŸReducing voltage to part of the circuit: In many circuits, you may
need to provide different voltages to different parts of the circuit. You
can do this easily with the help of resistors. As shown in Figure 2
voltage gets divided across the resistors joined together. Assuming
that you have two identical resistors, that is, they apply their brakes in
the same amount, the voltage in between the two is exactly half that
of the rest of the circuit.
ŸControlling the voltage/current going into another component:
You can combine a resistor and a capacitor, for example, and you
create a kind of hourglass timer. Or put a resistor at the input of a
transistor to control how much the transistor amplifies a signal. Figure 2
Resistor
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Basic Electronics
7
Series and Parallel Resistors
In a series configuration (Figure 3) the current through all of
the resistors is the same, but the voltage across each
resistor will be in proportion to its resistance. The potential
difference (voltage) seen across the network is the sum of
those voltages, thus the total resistance can be found as the
sum of those resistances.
Resistors in a parallel configuration (Figure 4) are each
subject to the same potential difference (voltage), however
the currents through them add. The conductances of the
resistors then add to determine the conductance of the
network. Thus the equivalent resistance (Req) of the
network can be computed.
Potenometer (Variable Resistor)
Potentiometer or Variable Resistor as the name suggest is a
type of resistor where you can vary the resistance by moving
the knob on top of it.
Variable resistor consist of a track with connections at both
ends and a wiper which moves along the track as you turn
the spindle.
Figure 3
Figure 4
The track may be made from carbon, cermet (ceramic and
metal mixtue) or a coil of wire (for low resistance). The track is
usually rotary but straight track version, usually called
sliders, are also available.
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Basic Electronics
8
Resistor Color Coding
The value of a resistor is determined by the colored bands present on its surface. There are mainly 4-band and 5-band
resistors available in the market. In 4-band Resistors, 1st digit and 2nd digit are taken according to colors , 3rd digit acts as
a multiplier, whereas, the 4th digit tells about the tolerance as given in the table below:5f
Example: Let us consider a resistor having color bands as
follows:
Brown, Black, Red and Gold.
So, as shown in table, Brown stands for 1, Black stands for 0,
which gives us 10.
3rd band will act as multiplier, so 10 is multiplied with 10
raised to power 2, which finally gives us a value of 1000
Ohms and a tolerance of +/-5%.
This is how value of a resistor is calculated.
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