Siemens Simatic S5-101U Installationshandbuch

SIEMENS

Pr~gramma~bleController

Programming Instructions Order No.: GWA 4NEB 810 2120-02 a

Fig.

S5-101U programmable controller

CONTENTS Page Page

THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 4.2.1

STEP 5 programming language

1.1

4.2.2

Program structure

1.1

4.2.3

PRINCIPLE

OPERATION 4.2.4

OF THE PC

Program processing 2.1

"RUN

and "STOP" modes 2.2 5.

Memor

es 2.2 5.1

5.1.1

NOTES

PROGRAM

DEVELOPMENT 5.1.2

Power-up 3.1 5.1.3

Battery mon

tor

ng 3.2 5.1.4

Renten

tive/non-rententive 5.1.5

flags 3.2 5.1.6

Interrupt processing 3.2

Intercompatibi

ty between 5.1.7

LAD, CSF and STL 3.4 5.1.8

Operation in the SINEC L1 3.7 5.2

local area network 5.2.1

5.2.2

PROGRAM START-UP 5.2.3

Loading and dumping a 5.2.4

program

4.1

5.2.5

Program test 4.2 6.

Search function

Signal status display

Forcing of outputs and

flags

Forcing of timers and

counters

PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES

Basic operations

Binary logic operations

Setting/resetting operations

Load and transfer operations

Timer functions

Counter functions

Comparison (relational)

operations

Arithmetic operations

Other functions

Supplementary operations

Logic operations (word mode)

Conversion functions

Shift operations

Jump operations

Cond

on codes

OPERATION SET

The

programming language

1.1

STEP

programming language

The user programs are written in the

STEP 5 programning language. The

statements of this

anguage permit

not only the programning of simple

binary functions but also the pro-

gramming of complex digital functions.

Depending on the programmer used, all

three methods of representation

statement list (STL)

1adder d

agram (LAD)

control system flowchart (CSF)

are possible so that the method of

programming can be adapted to the

particular application. Only STL pro-

gramming is possible with the hand-

held 605U programmer. The machine

code generated by the 6701675 pro-

grammers is identical for all

three methods of representation

1.2

Program structure

The user program consists of up to

1024

statements and can be written as a pro-

gram block (PB) or function block (FB).

WFy

PBl

FBI

can

exwwted

S5+1O1U

programable

contrallsr,

Program block

A program block can be programmed and

documented in

a11 three methods of re-

presentation (STL, LAD and CSF).

pro-

gram block can be translated from one

method of representation into the two

other methods with the 6701675 program-

mers provided certain programming rules

are observed (see Section

3.4).

For users familfar with contactors and

re1ays, the LAD method is recommended

since the ladder diagram has very close

similarities with schematic circuit

diagrams.

Program blocks are used especially

when a CRT-based programmer is avail-

able and programming or documen-

tation is to be made in graphic form.

Fig.

Methods of representation with

the STEP 5 programming language

3lN

19 239

idrcftl

Function block

Function blocks can only be written

and documented in STL form.

Jump operations make

possible to

enhance the structuring of the user

program and thus also its capabilities.

Short, constant response times to inter-

rupts can be implemented with load and

transfer operations in conjunction with

jump operations (see Section

3.4).

Note: Supplementary operations must

not be used in

PB1.

2lh

19 239

Idrcctl

117-15

DIN

705

DIN

719

DIN

23i

lrrlfti

Principle

operation

2.1

Program

processing

The control functions of the lOlU are

defined by a user program.

In order to be able to scan the user

program cyclically statement by state-

ment, the CPU has to perform the follow-

ing functions:

In the case of a cold restart (power

switch from

"Off"

to "On" or mode

selector from "Stop" to "Run"), the

process output image* is erased,

i.e. all outputs are set to zero.

The process input image* is updated,

i.e. all signal statuses of the in-

puts are scanned and written into

the process input image.

The user program (PB1 or FBI) is

scanned and processed statement by

statement. When scanning the signal

statuses of the inputs, the

CPU

ac-

cesses the process input image and

not the actual inputs. When latching

and unlatching the outputs (coils),

only the process output image is

overwritten to begin with.

4. Once the user program has been pro-

cessed, the process output image

is transferred to the actual out-

puts.

Points 2,

and

are handled cycli-

cal

ly.

Cold restart

Cr>

Erase process

output image

Cycle checkpoint

Read process

input image

12nd statement

Last statement

Transfer process

output image to

the outputs

Fig.

Principle of operation of the

S5-101U

scanning operation from cycle check-

point to cycle checkpoint takes approx.

70 ms for 1024 statements (binary).

a scanning cycle is not completed

within 300 ms due to program errors

Process 1/0 image:

or faults, an internal monitor responds, Internal memory area in which the

the PC enters the "Stop" status and signal status ("0" or "1") of the

all outputs (coils) are switched off. inputs/outputs is stored.

The

"Run"

and "Stop" modes

"RUN" mode

In the "RUN" mode, the program is scanned

cyclically from cycle checkpoint to

cycle checkpoint. The PC is brought

into the "RUN" mode by

switching the mode selector to

"RUN1'

selecting the "PC RUN1' function of

the programner (mode selector in "RUN"

position)

and on recovery of the power supply

the mode selector is at "RUN" and

was in the "RUN" position prior to

the power failure.

Memories

The PC has an internal program memory,

the data of which can be supported for

three years by a backup battery.

There are also two different memory

submodules (see Fig. 4).

"STOP" mode

In the "STOP" mode, the program is not

scanned and the outputs (coils) are

disabled. While the PC is in the "STOP"

state, all timers and counters and the

process 1/0 image retain the values

or states they had in the last scanning

cycle prior to the PC entering the "STOP"

state.

the PC is switched to "RUN",

the timers and counters (0

...

7) are

reset. The non-retentive flags and the

process 1/0 image are erased.

The

is brought into the "STOP" mode

switching the mode selector to "STOP"

selecting the "PC STOP" function on

the programmer

faults or errors in program scanning,

e.g. time-out or operations that can

not be interpreted by the PC.

The cause for the PC entering the 'STOP"

state can be traced with the aid of

the "DISPLAY ESTACK" function of the

programner (see Section 4.2 of Operating

Instructions).

The memory submodules are used for pro-

gram dumping or for copying the program

should only one memory submodule be

used for a number of PCs.

power-up or when the PC is switched

"RUN",

the contents of the memory

submodule are always copied into the

internal memory and processed there.

Fig. 4: Differences between the EPROM and EEPROM submodules.

Memory submodu

Program

dump

Program

erasure

Program mod

fication via

programmer

EPROM

615 (with adapter 984-2UAll)

PG 670 (with adapter 984-OUAll)

PG 675

Only with special UV lamp

(erasure time: 30 min)

erasure of entire

program possible

EEPROM

PG 615

PG 670 (without 984

adapter)

PG 675

Direct in the PC with

the above programmers

and the PG 605U pro-

amme

Programmer function:

PG PC)

possible

Notes on program development

Power

When the power supply is switched on

or on recovery of the power supply after

a power failure, the PC assumes the

following states without having to

take any additional measures in the

user program:

Fig.

Automatic mode setting

following power-up

Prevention of automatic restart in

general

Flag* F 63.7 can be used to prevent

automatic restart on power-up.

This flag is set by the operating

system of the PC on power-up

the

"RUN"

mode is set

and

was set

prior to power-down. In order to

enable manual restart, flag F 63.7

is reset in the "STOP" mode.

can

also be reset by the user program (e.g.

in conjunction with an input signal).

Error

dent

ier* set

--------t

Operating mode

of PC prior to

power-up

STOP

RUN

POWER OFF

POWER ON

Internal re1ay equivalent

Operating

mode follow-

ng power-up

STOP

TOP

RUN

Current position

of mode selec-

tor of the PC on

power-up

STOP

RUN

Programning example

F63.7;

"1"

User-

I---

F63

"9"

fault has occurred in program scanning

and the reason for this is stored

in the interrupt stack.

Preventinq automatic restart on battery

fail

ure

Flag F 63.6 can be used to prevent auto-

matic restart on battery failure (reten-

tive flags reset).

Flag F 63.6 is set by the operating

system of the PC on power-up

the

backup battery fails or is not connec-

ted. The PC must be set to the "RUN"

mode in this case.

Flag F 63.6 is reset by the "ERASE

PROGRAM" function or by the user pro-

gram (e.g. in conjunction with an input

signal).

Programming example

3.2

Battery

monitoring

Flag F 63.6 is used for monitoring the The PC must be in the "RUN" state.

battery. Flag F 63.6 is reset by the "ERASE PRO-

This flag is set by the operating system

GRAM"

function of the programner or by

of the PC on power recovery and during the user program. The user can therefore

the normal scanning cycle

failure determine how the PC is to react to

of the battery backup v01tage is detected. backup battery failure.

The S5-101W has a total of 512 flags.

The flag area is subdivided as follows:

Retentive flags (F 0.0

...

31.7)

retain their last state prior to

power-down on power-up (with backup

battery only)

retain their last state when the

mode is changed from "STOP" to "RUN"

(with and without backup battery)

are reset like the non-retentive

flags on power-up (without backup

battery)

can also be reset by the user pro-

gram

(

ERASE PROGRAM" function

By using retentive flags, the last

status of the plant or machine prior

to the PC leaving the "RUN" mode can

be stored. On restart, the plant or

machine can resume operations at the

point at which

was stopped.

Interrupt processing

When an interrupt signal (e.g. emer-

gency off) from the process is re-

ceived by the PC, the latter inter-

rupts cyclic scanning of the user program

and inititates the processing of a

specific interrupt routine.

Interrupt processing with the S5-101U

is defined exclusively by the user pro-

gram so that each input and output can

be used for interrupt processing.

Non-retentive flags (F 32.0.. .F 63.7)

are reset when the PC mode changes

from "STOP" to "RUN" and on power-up.

Flags F 61.0

F 62.7 are reserved

as coordinating

ags for operation

in the SINEC L1 local area network;

flags F 63.0

F 63.7 are reserved

as system flags. Since they are af-

fected by the PC operating system,

they must not be used as flags in

the normal sense.

In order to achieve minimum response

times, the inputs and outputs are re-

ferenced direct, i.e. outside cyclic

program scanning. The load/transfer

operations "LPB" (inputs) and "TPB"

(outputs) are available for this pur-

pose.

more or less constant response time

is achieved

the scanning of the in-

puts programmed by the user as interrupt

inputs is uniformly distributed over

the entire user program. Fig. 6 shows

a user program with interrupt processing.

Task: When input

0.0

becomes

"l",

outputs

@.g.

0.7

are to assume

the state of flags F 3.a

...

F3.7. In

order to keep the response time as

short and constant as possible, ten

interrupt scans should be written in

the user program.

User

program

STEP

program (STL)

Interrupt

routine

Expl

anations

1st interrupt scan: by loading PB

0.0

is scanned direct, i.e. by-

passing the process image, and mapped

on F

@.a.

0.0

(and consequently

0.0)

"l",

a jump is made to the

interrupt routine.

10.0

defines the

return address.

2nd

nterrupt scan

10th interrupt scan

Flag byte FB3 is transferred direct into

peripheral byte PB

i.e. direct to

the outputs. The process output image

is updated.

By scanning flags

10.0

...

F 11.0 (only

one flag is used), the user program is

continued at the return address last

defined.

Fig.

Example of a user program with interrupt scanning

3.5

Intercompatibility between LAD, CSF and STL

General

Each of the methods of representa-

tion in the STEP

programming

languages has specific properties

and limitations.

Consequently, a program block written

in STL cannot simply be displayed as

an LAD or CSF and the graphic methods

of representation, LAD and CSFy may

not always be fully compatible.

Inother words, one form cannot al-

ways be translated back into the

other form.

the program has been entered as Fig.

Range and limitations of the

an LAD or CSF,

can always be trans- methods of representation in the

lated back into STL form. STEP

programming language

Input Output

The aim of this section is to establish

a number of rules, which,

adhered to,

will

ensure complete compatibility be-

tween the three methods of representation.

These rules are classified as follows:

Rules for compatibility between the

graphic methods of representation

(LAD and CSF)

these rules are followed, input is

possible in one graphic form and display

in the others.

Fig.

Graphic input

nput Output

Rules for compatibility between the

statement list and the graphic methods

of representation.

these rules are observed,

possible to enter a program in any

the three methods of representation,

graphic or not, and to have

dis-

played in the other two forms.

Fig.

Input inthe form of a statement list

Input as LAD and dis~lavas CSF (STL)

Rule: Do not exceed the display

boundaries for LAD.

Excessive nesting may cause the LAD

display boundary to be exceeded

levels)

max

Example of maximum LAD nesting for display as CSF

Input as CSF and display as LAD (STL)

Rule

Do not exceed the display

boundaries for LAD.

Too many inputs on a CSF box cause

the

adder diagram display boundary

to be exceeded.

CSF

Fig.

11:

Example of a maximum

AND

box inCSF form for display as an LAD

Rule 2: The output of a complex ele-

ment (memory, comparator, timer and

counter) must not be ored.

Fig. 12: Only AND boxes are allowed in.CSFs after a complex element.

In~utas STL and display as LAD or CSF

Rule

complex element must not have In addition, every unused input or out-

a preceed

ng operation. put must be assigned an NOP 0 operation.

Rule 2: The inputs and outputs of com- In the case of timers and counters, the

plex elements must be programmed in set input and the input for loading the

the order inwhich they are assigned time (TW) or count (ZW) must be dis-

parameters on the screen in graphic abled together.

mode.

Times and counts are exceptions since

the relevant value must first be stored

inthe accumulator with a load operation.

STL

LAD

CSF

Fig. 13: Example for assigning NOP operations to unused inputs and outputs

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