Sonel DB-1 Bedienungsanleitung

OPERATING MANUAL

DEMONSTRATION BOARD

DB-1

Revision 1.1 Juli 15, 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................3

2. Safety.........................................................................................................................................................4

3. The front panel – arrangement of sockets and switches. ............................................................................5

4. Measurements............................................................................................................................................7

4.1. Measurement of the short circuit loop impedance................................................................................7

4.1.1. Measurement of the short circuit loop impedance in the L-PE circuit............................................7

4.1.2. Measurement of the short circuit loop impedance in the L-N circuit..............................................9

4.2. Measurement of the parameters of the RCD switch.............................................................................9

4.2.1. Realisation of measurements of the RCD switch parameters. .....................................................10

4.3. Measurements of the earth resistance.................................................................................................11

4.3.1. Measurement of the earth electrode resistance using meters of the MRU series. .........................12

4.3.1.1. Earth resistance measurement R

. ..........................................................................................12

4.3.1.2. Earth resistance measurement R

..........................................................................................12

4.3.1.3. Earth resistance measurement R

by means of the technical method. ...................................13

4.3.1.4. Earth resistance measurement R

by means of the technical method using current clamps...14

4.3.1.5. Earth resistance measurement R

by means of the two-clamp method..................................14

4.3.2. Measurement of the earth resistance using meters for measuring loop impedance......................15

4.3.2.1. Earth resistance measurement R

. ..........................................................................................15

4.3.2.2. Earth resistance measurement R

..........................................................................................16

4.3.2.3. Earth resistance measurement R

..........................................................................................17

4.4. Earth resistivity measurements...........................................................................................................17

4.5. Measurements of the continuity of equipotential bondings................................................................18

4.5.1. Measurement of the resistance of the equipotential bonding between P1 and P2.........................18

4.5.2. Measurement of the resistance of equipotential bonding between P1 and P3...............................19

4.6. Insulation resistance measurement.....................................................................................................20

4.6.1. Insulation resistance measurements in the L - N circuits..............................................................20

4.6.2. Insulation resistance measurements in the L-PE circuits..............................................................21

5. Replacement of fuse elements..................................................................................................................21

6. Cleaning and maintenance. ......................................................................................................................22

7. Dismantling and disposal.........................................................................................................................22

8. Technical data..........................................................................................................................................23

9. Accessories..............................................................................................................................................23

10. Manufacturer......................................................................................................................................23

1. Introduction

The DB-1 demonstration board is an indispensable element of training courses regarding realisation of

electric measurements. It may be applied in schools, distribution centres of meters used in the power industry as

well as in training centres.

The board may be used for the purpose of simulation of the following measurements:

- measurement of the short circuit loop impedance in the L-N circuit for the TT and TN networks

- measurement of the short circuit loop impedance in the L-PE circuit for the TT and TN networks

- measurement of the parameters of the RCD switch type AC

- insulation resistance measurement in the L-N circuit

- insulation resistance measurement in the L-PE circuit

- measurement of the earth resistance by means of the technical method

- earth resistance measurement using clamps

- earth resistance measurement by means of the two-clamp method

- earth resistance measurements by means of the impulse method

- earth resistance measurements using meters for short-circuit loop measurements

- resistivity measurements of three kinds of ground

- measurement of the resistance of equipotential bondings

- measurement of alternating voltage

The demonstration board makes it possible to cause irregularities in the installation under scrutiny. This is

possible thanks to the panel switches.

Note:

WARNING:

Before you proceed to operate the device, read thoroughly the present manual and observe the safety

regulations and instructions specified by the manufacturer.

WARNING:

The demonstration board has been designed for the purpose of simulation measurements of alternating

voltage, impedance, short circuit, earth resistance, parameters of the RCD switch, ground resistivity,

insulation resistance, resistance of equipotential bondings. Any application that differs from those

specified in the present manual may cause damage of the device and be a source of a serious danger for

the user.

WARNING:

The DB-1 demonstration board may be used solely by qualified personnel who have appropriate

certificates that entitle them to work on electric installations, or by persons working under their

supervision. Using the board by unauthorised personnel or without supervision of such personnel may

cause damage of the device and be a source of a serious danger for the user.

WARNING:

Before and during measurements of ground resistivity, insulation resistance, resistance of equipotential

bondings, earth resistance (by means of the technical methods) disconnect the power cable of the device

from the power supply socket and turn the RCD switch off. The power supply of the board is signalled by

the „POWER ON” diode.

2. Safety

The DB-1 demonstration board has been designed for the purpose of simulation of measurements, whose

results determine the safety conditions of a virtual installation. Therefore, in order to guarantee appropriate

operation and correctness of the obtained results, the following recommendations must be followed:

oBefore you proceed to operate the device read thoroughly the present manual and observe the safety

regulations and instructions specified by the manufacturer.

oThe device has been designed for operation at the nominal voltage of 230V 50Hz.

oThe device cannot be used in the grid and with other devices in special interiors, for example those of

a dangerous atmosphere regarding the risk of explosion or fire.

oIt is unacceptable to operate the following:

1. a damaged device which is completely or partially out of order

2. a device with damaged power cable insulation,

3. a device stored for an excessive period of time in disadvantageous conditions (e.g.

excessive humidity). If the meter has been transferred from a cool to a warm

environment of a high level of relative humidity, do not perform the measurements

until the meter has been warmed up to the ambient temperature (approximately 30

minutes).

4. a device with damaged housing.

oBefore measurement of connection resistance or insulation resistance, make sure the measured object

has been disconnected from the power supply. Disconnect the power cable of the device from the

power supply contact and turn the RCD off.

oRepairs may be performed solely by an authorised service point. Before the device is connected to the

power supply network, make sure the power supply socket is equipped with a properly connected

earth pin. The board will not function if it is powered from a socket without an additional PE

connection.

oThe board is equipped with a protection constituted by two F 4A 250V fuses (T 3,14A 250V fuse are

acceptable). The fuses are located in the device power supply socket. Should the fuse elements be

damaged, they must be replaced.

It is unacceptable to use other fuses..

WARNING:

Before the fuses are replaced, the device must be disconnected from the 230V power supply network.

3. The front panel – arrangement of sockets and switches.

Figure 1. Arrangements of the panel elements of the DB-1 demonstration board.

1) Power supply network socket 230 V

2) Additional PE socket

3) 230 V power supply signalling diode

4) RCD switch

5) Measurement socket

6) TN network jumper

7) TT network jumper

8) R

(ZW R

) earth electrode jumper

9) Equipotential pipe connection jumper H

O (ZW H

10) R

(ZW R

) earth electrode jumper

11) Measurement points P1, P2, P3, P4, P5

12) Measurement point of the R

(E1) earth electrode

13) Measurement point of the R

(E2) earth electrode

14) Measurement electrode sockets

15) Irregularity selection switches

16) Ground type switch for ground resistivity measurements

Position of switches simulating irregularities in the electric installation of the measured object.

Figure 2. Positions of switches.

1) R

High earth resistance at P2. R

= 1kΩ

2) U

The acceptable voltage value U

has been exceeded during measurements of the RCD parameters in

the measurement socket. U

> 25 V

3) R

ISO(L-PE)

Low insulation resistance – measurement L-PE. R

ISO(L-PE)

= 200 kΩ

4) R

ISO(L-N)

Low insulation resistance – measurement L-N. R

ISO(L-N)

= 100 kΩ

5) RCD-T

The acceptable disconnection time of the RCD has been exceeded.

6) Z

High short circuit loop impedance. Z

≈6 Ω

7) RCD-I

The activation current of the RCD is lower than the required value (damaged RCD or excessive

leakage current of the installation). The leakage current of the installation I

≈15 mA

4. Measurements.

4.1. Measurement of the short circuit loop impedance.

A reliable and the most commonly used method of protection from electric shock consists in protection

from indirect touch in circuits equipped with circuit breakers. The method consists in a automatic disconnection

in the case of fault.

Conductive elements of the device are connected to the protective conductor of the power supply network.

At the moment a hazardous touch voltage appears, which is caused by a metallic short circuit with the phase

conductor of the power supply network, the current will flow in the phase – protective conductor circuit. The

current is called short-circuit current. The passage of the short circuit current will cause activation of the circuit

breakers and the power supply system will be turned off. The condition that must be met to have the protection

level specified for the device as sufficient approved is that the elements must not be under a dangerous touch

voltage for an excessive period of time. Therefore the safety device must respond quickly, and within the period

of time specified in the relevant norms. The condition of appropriate protection may be expressed by the

following equation:

≤

- short circuit loop impedance.

– current activating the circuit breaker within the required period of time.

– power supply network nominal voltage in relation to earth.

4.1.1. Measurement of the short circuit loop impedance in the L-PE circuit.

Measurement of the short circuit loop impedance in the L-PE circuit may be performed using the MPI-

5XX meter in the Z

L-PE[RCD]

function. Should another meter or function be used, the RCD switch of the

demonstration board may be trigged.

In order to perform the measurement proceed as follows:

- connect the 230 VAC power supply network cable to the socket of the demonstration board,

- select the kind of TT or TN network using a jumper in the appropriate position (Figure 3),

- all the switches simulating irregularities must be in the „green” position,

- turn the RCD switch on,

- connect the meter to the power network socket of the board using leads, in accordance with Figure 4,

- perform the measurement.

The demonstration board permits to perform measurements of a short circuit loop, whose value may be

artificially overstated (simulation of irregularities). In order to do so, before you proceed to perform the

measurement place the Z

switch in the „red” position. Having finished the measurement, place the Z

switch again

in the „green” position.

1) Jumper simulating measurements in the TN network.

2) Jumper placed simulating measurements in the TT network.

Figure 3. Network type selection jumpers.

Figure 4. Connection of the meter.

Expected results:

Switch Z

„green” for the TN network (TN jumper): Z

L-PE

= ZL-N of the network + 1,4 Ω

Switch Z

„red” for the TN network (TN jumper): Z

L-PE

= ZL-N of the network + 5,5 Ω

Switch Z

„green” for the TT network (TT jumper): Z

L-PE

= ZL-N of the network + 5,5 Ω

Switch Z

„red” for the TT network (TT jumper): Z

L-PE

= ZL-N of the network + 10 Ω

L-N

of the network – the network impedance in the L-N circuit of the socket to which the demonstration board

cable is connected.

4.1.2. Measurement of the short circuit loop impedance in the L-N circuit.

Measurements may be performed with any meter for measurements of the short circuit loop whose short

circuit current does not exceed 25 A, and whose measurement time does not exceed 60 ms, e.g. MZC-30X,

MZC-20X, MPI-5XX.

In order to perform the measurement proceed as follows:

- connect the 230 VAC power supply network cable to the socket of the demonstration board,

- select the kind of network, TT or TN, using the jumper in the appropriate position (Figure 3),

- all the switches simulating irregularities must be in the „green” position,

- turn the RCD switch on,

- connect the meter to the power network socket of the board using leads, in accordance with Figure 4,

- perform the measurement.

The demonstration board permits to perform measurements of a short circuit loop, whose value may be

artificially overstated (simulation of irregularities). In order to do so, before you proceed to perform the

measurement place the Z

switch in the „red” position. Having finished the measurement, place the Z

switch again

in the „green” position.

Figure 5. Connection of the meter.

Expected results

Switch Z

„green” for the TN network (TN jumper): Z

L-N

= ZL-N of the network + 1,1 Ω

Switch Z

„red” for the TN network (TN jumper): Z

L-N

= ZL-N of the network + 5,5 Ω

Switch Z

„green” for the TT network (TT jumper): Z

L-N

= ZL-N of the network + 1,1 Ω

Switch Z

„red” for the TT network (TT jumper): Z

L-N

= ZL-N of the network + 5,5 Ω

L-N

of the network – the network impedance in the L-N circuit of the socket to which the demonstration board

cable is connected.

4.2. Measurement of the parameters of the RCD switch.

The principal function of the RCD switch (Residual Current Device) is to provide additional protection

against electric shock. The purpose the RCD switch is to disconnect the protected circuit in the case of an

excessive leakage current in the circuit in question.

The measurement section of the RCD switch measures constantly the differential current I

∆

and causes

disconnection of the protected circuit from the power supply source, if the differential current exceeds the

characteristic value for the given switch. The value in question is the nominal differential current, which is

indicated by the symbol I

∆n

. The voltage on the housing of the protected device, in accordance with the Ohm’s

law, is:

E∆

where R

is the resistance between the earth terminal of the protected device and the earth.

4.2.1. Realisation of measurements of the RCD switch parameters.

In order to perform the measurement proceed as follows :

- connect the 230 VAC power supply network cable to the socket of the demonstration board,

- select the kind of network, TT or TN, using the jumper in the appropriate position (Figure 3),

- all the switches simulating irregularities must be in the „green” position,

- turn the RCD switch on,

- connect the meter to the power network socket of the board using leads, in accordance with Figure 6,

- perform the measurement.

The demonstration board permits to simulate irregularities in an installation equipped with a RCD switch:

- The RCD switch-T

in the in the „red” position simulates an error consisting in shunting of the N PE lead with

the RCD switch. During a measurement with this error, the RCD switch will not function, and the meter will

display an adequate message, e.g. RCD.

- The RCD switch-I

in the „red” position causes an additional current leakage in the PE lead. During a

measurement with this error the RCD switch will be activated at an incorrect moment (the T

and I

measurements will not be possible). The meter will display an adequate message, e.g. Err.

- Switch U

in the „red” position simulates a hazardous touch voltage during a measurement of the RCD

parameters. Meter will display an adequate message, e.g. U

> 25 V. If the meter is supposed to block the

measurements and display this message, the acceptable touch voltage U

set for the meter must not exceed 25 V.

Should the acceptable touch voltage U

during measurement be set at 50V, the meter will perform the

measurements and display the results.

Figure 6. Connection of the meter.

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