SunFounder Picar-x Bedienungsanleitung

SunFounder picar-x

www.sunfounder.com

Feb 21, 2023

CONTENTS

1 Introduction 5

1.1 The History of Self-driving Cars ..................................... 5

1.2 About PiCar-X .............................................. 7

1.3 Deep Learning and Neural Networks .................................. 8

2 Component List and Assembly Instructions 9

3 About Robot HAT 11

4 Play with Python 13

4.1 Quick Guide on Python ......................................... 13

4.1.1 What Do We Need? ....................................... 13

4.1.2 Installing the OS ........................................ 15

4.1.3 Set up Your Raspberry Pi .................................... 22

4.1.4 Install All the Modules ..................................... 41

4.1.5 Enable I2C and Camera Interface ................................ 44

4.1.6 Servo Adjust .......................................... 48

4.2 Calibrating the PiCar-X ......................................... 50

4.3 Let PiCar-X Move ............................................ 53

4.4 Obstacle Avoidance ........................................... 55

4.5 Line Tracking .............................................. 57

4.6 Text to Speech .............................................. 58

4.7 Computer Vision ............................................. 60

4.8 Color Detection ............................................. 63

4.9 Face Detection .............................................. 68

4.10 Video Car ................................................. 71

4.11 Controlled by the APP .......................................... 74

5 Play with Ezblock 83

5.1 Quick Guide on EzBlock ......................................... 83

5.1.1 Servo Adjust .......................................... 83

5.1.2 Install and Conﬁgure EzBlock Studio ............................. 85

5.2 Calibrate the Car ............................................. 86

5.3 Move ................................................... 90

5.4 Remote Control ............................................. 94

5.5 Test Ultrasonic Module ......................................... 96

5.6 Test Grayscale Module .......................................... 98

5.7 Color Detection ............................................. 99

5.8 Face Detection .............................................. 102

5.9 Sound Effect ............................................... 105

5.10 Background Music ............................................ 107

5.11 Say Hello ................................................. 108

5.12 Music Car ................................................ 111

5.13 Cliff Detection .............................................. 112

5.14 Minecart ................................................. 114

5.15 Minecart Plus ............................................... 117

5.16 Bullﬁght ................................................. 122

5.17 Beware of Pedestrians .......................................... 124

5.18 Trafﬁc Sign Detection .......................................... 126

5.19 Orienteering ............................................... 130

6 Appendix 137

6.1 PuTTY .................................................. 137

6.2 Install OpenSSH via Powershell ..................................... 139

6.3 About the Battery ............................................ 140

7 FAQ 143

8 Thank You 145

9 Japanese On-line Tutorials 147

10 Copyright Notice 149

SunFounder picar-x

Thanks for choosing our PiCar-X.

The PiCar-X is an AI-driven self-driving robot car for the Raspberry Pi platform, upon which the Raspberry Pi acts

as the control center. The PiCar-X’s 2-axis camera module, ultrasonic module, and line tracking modules can provide

the functions of color/face/trafﬁc-signs detection, automatic obstacle avoidance, automatic line tracking, etc.

PiCar-X has two programming languages: Blockly and Python. No matter what language you program in, you’ll ﬁnd

detailed steps to teach you everything from conﬁguring the Raspberry Pi to running the relevant example code.

•Play with Python

–This chapter is for those who enjoy programming in Python or want to learn the Python language.

–To get Picar-X working properly, you must install some libraries ﬁrst.

–The Raspberry Pi conﬁguration and samples code for the PiCar-X are provided in this chapter.

–An APP - SunFounder Controller is also provided to allow you to remotely control the PiCar-X on your

mobile device.

•Play with Ezblock

–In this section, you will use a Blockly based APP, Ezblock Studio, which, like Scratch, allows you to drag

and drop blocks to make Picar-X move.

–It is required to reinstall the SD card with the operating system we provide with pre-installed Ezblock

environment before programming. It is recommended to use a new or unused TF card for this section.

–Ezblock Studio is available for nearly all types of devices, including Macs, PCs, and Androids.

–Ezblock Studio is a good choice if you are 6-12 years old, or don’t have programming skills, or want to

test Picar-X quickly.

About the display language

In addition to English, we are working on other languages for this course. Please contact service@sunfounder.com if

you are interested in helping, and we will give you a free product in return. In the meantime, we recommend using

Google Translate to convert English to the language you want to see.

The steps are as follows.

CONTENTS 1

SunFounder picar-x

• In this course page, right-click and select Translate to xx. If the current language is not what you want, you can

change it later.

• There will be a language popup in the upper right corner. Click on the menu button to choose another language.

• Select the language from the inverted triangle box, and then click Done.

2 CONTENTS

SunFounder picar-x

Content

CONTENTS 3

SunFounder picar-x

4 CONTENTS

CHAPTER

ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The History of Self-driving Cars

Experiments have been conducted on self-driving cars since at least the 1920’s. Promising trials took place in the

1950’s, and work has proceeded forward ever since. The ﬁrst self-sufﬁcient and truly autonomous cars appeared in the

1980’s, with Carnegie Mellon University’s Navlab and ALV projects in 1984, and Mercedes-Benz and Bundeswehr

University Munich’s Eureka Prometheus Project in 1987. Since the late 1980’s, numerous research organizations

and major automakers have developed working autonomous vehicles, including: Mercedes-Benz, General Motors,

Continental Automotive Systems, Autoliv Inc., Bosch, Nissan, Toyota, Audi, Volvo, Vislab from University of Parma,

Oxford University, and Google. In July 2013, Vislab demonstrated BRAiVE, a vehicle that moved autonomously on

a mixed trafﬁc route open to the public. As of 2019, twenty-nine U.S. states have already passed laws permitting

autonomous cars on public roadways.

Some UNECE members and EU members, including the UK, have enacted rules and regulations related to automated

and fully automated cars. In Europe, cities in Belgium, France, Italy, and the UK have plans in place to operate

transport systems for driverless cars, and Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain have already allowed the testing of

robotic cars in public trafﬁc. In 2020, the UK, the EU, and Japan are already on track to regulate automated cars.

• Reference: History of self-driving cars - Wikipedia

Today, self-driving cars are the closest technological revolution at hand. Some experts predict that by 2025, Level

4 cars are likely to enter the market. The Level 4 cars will allow drivers to divert their attention to something else

entirely, eliminating the need to pay attention to trafﬁc conditions as long as the system is functioning properly.

Level 4 reference:

•SAE Levels of Driving Automation™

•ABI Research Forecasts 8 Million Vehicles to Ship with SAE Level 3, 4 and 5 Autonomous Technology in 2025

SunFounder picar-x

Recent rapid advances in software (Artiﬁcial Intelligence, Machine Learning), hardware (GPUs, FPGAs, accelerome-

ters, etc.), and cloud computing are driving this technological revolution forward.

• In October 2010, a driverless truck designed by the Italian technology company Vislab took three months to

travel from Italy to China, with a total distance of 8, 077 miles.

• In April 2015, a car designed by Delphi Automotive traveled from San Francisco to New York , traversing

3,400 miles, completing 99 percent of that distance under computer control.

• In December 2018, Alphabet’s Waymo launched a level 4 self-driving taxi service in Arizona , where they had

already been testing driverless cars since 2008. With no one in the driver’s seat, the vehicles operated for more

than a year and traveled over 10 million miles.

• In October 2020, Baidu fully opened its Apollo Robotaxi self-driving cab service in Beijing. The driving routes

cover local residential, commercial, leisure, and industrial parks areas, and offer a fully autonomous driving

system.

However, despite the massive amounts of data collected every day, including training data from real driving records

and simulated scenarios, the complexity of AI models for self-driving cars has not been fully met.

According to RAND’s report , reaching the appropriate level of autonomous learning requires training data from

hundreds of millions, or even hundreds of billions of miles to establish a level of reliability.

So, while the future of self-driving cars is promising and exciting, there are still many more years of development to

go before the technology has matured enough to become fully accessible to the self-driving car market.

The proven way to allow an emerging technology to quickly mature is to make it easily accessible to everyone by

minimizing the market-entry requirements. This is SunFounders motivation for launching PiCar-X.

SunFounders goal is to help beginners, novices, and those who simply just want to learn about autonomous driving, to

understand the development process, the technology, and the latest innovations in self-driving vehicles.

6 Chapter 1. Introduction

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