ZAHNER EL1002 Bedienungsanleitung

( )

30/06/2022

Electronic Load

1 Electronic Load EL1002 ............................................................................ 4

1.1 Packing List.......................................................................................... 4

2 Caution.......................................................................................................5

3 Introduction................................................................................................7

3.1 Modular Concept –Extension to ZENNIUM Series Potentiostat ......7

3.1.1 EL1002 Electronic Load..................................................................7

3.1.2 EPC42 Controller Card...................................................................8

3.2 Stand-Alone Mode ............................................................................. 9

4 Operation Basics......................................................................................10

4.1 Signals & Connections.......................................................................10

4.1.1 Conductor Rails ..............................................................................11

4.1.2 Safety Interlock............................................................................. 12

4.1.3 Signal LEDs & Buzzer ................................................................... 12

4.2 Operation Steps ................................................................................13

5 Thales Software.......................................................................................15

6 Cell Connection Fundamentals...............................................................19

6.1 Contact Resistance............................................................................19

6.2 4-Electrode Cell Connection Scheme............................................. 20

6.3 Two-Electrode Cell Connection Scheme.........................................21

6.4 Parasitic Inductances....................................................................... 22

7 Connection Configurations .................................................................... 25

7.1 Applications for the EL1002 without external devices.................... 26

7.1.1 Full cell configuration (Standard Kelvin Scheme) .....................26

7.1.2 Half-cell configuration –Cathode...............................................27

7.1.3 Half-cell configuration –Anode ..................................................27

7.1.4 Partial cell configuration ..............................................................28

Electronic Load

7.2 General notes for applications with external supply or load.......... 29

7.3 Applications with an additional DC load...........................................31

7.3.1 DUT connected to the EL1002 with an additional DC load

using the EXT+ terminal ........................................................................ 31

7.3.2 DUT connected to the EL1002 with a parallel DC load.......... 32

7.4 Applications with an additional power supply in series.................. 34

7.4.1 Charging batteries ....................................................................... 34

7.4.2 Electrolysis of fuel cells.............................................................. 36

7.4.3 Compensation for voltage drop (Zero Volt Option).................37

7.5 Applications with an additional power supply in parallel using the

EXT+ terminal.......................................................................................... 39

7.5.1 Charging........................................................................................ 40

7.5.2 Discharging ................................................................................... 41

7.5.3 State of charge (SoC)..................................................................42

7.5.4 Summary parallel power supply with PAD4............................. 43

8 Specifications ......................................................................................... 44

8.1 Ranges and tolerances..................................................................... 44

8.2 General specifications...................................................................... 45

8.3 Safe operation conditions................................................................ 46

Electronic Load -4-

1Electronic Load EL1002

Zahner products are carefully manufactured, calibrated and tested to ensure our

high-quality standard. Packing of the electronic load EL1002 and accessories is

done with great care to avoid damage during transport. Upon receipt of the Zahner

shipment, please check the device and accessories to make sure they are intact. If

a product is damaged during shipment, please immediately contact your Zahner’s

service partner.

1.1 Packing List

EL1002

EPC42 cable

Sense cable (Lemosa plug to blue & green twisted cables)

USB cable

Power cord

USB Stick:

oCalibration report

oCalibration data

oThis manual (pdf)

Zahner Analysis license key

This manual

Electronic Load -5-

2Caution

Please read the risk assessment document before operating the potentiostat.

Prevent the inputs of the potentiostat from electrostatic discharge (ESD)! ESD may

damage the potentiostat. ESD-related damages are not covered by the warranty of

the potentiostat. The user must make sure to discharge his-/herself from any

electrical charge before touching the potentiostat (TIP: use grounded ESD-matts).

Zahner’s potentiostats require a warm-up time of 30 minutes for optimum

performance.

Do not connect active objects such as batteries or fuel cells to the power outputs

of the potentiostat when the potentiostat is switched off! This may damage the

potentiostat.

To drive high currents with the EL1002, the customer must use a cable

recommended for high current applications and fix it to the terminals with suitable

cable lugs.

Pay attention to the wire connections and strictly follow the guidelines of this

manual. Accidentally reversed polarity may damage your device.

During operation the potential on the positive (+) terminal of the EL1002 should be

at least 1 V higher than the negative (–) terminal.

Always turn ON the EL1002 after turning on the external load or external power

supply.

No current should flow through the electronic load immediately after turning on the

electronic load, before the the startup calibration is finished.

Always turn OFF the EL1002 prior to the external load or external power supply.

Properly connect the EPC42 cable with the electronic load by using screws.

Accidental unplugging of the EPC42 cable during operation may damage your

device.

When working with high currents, remove all metallic jewelry/watches which can

possibly create short circuits.

Electronic Load -6-

Don’t touch the electrical connections during operation.

Never apply potentials exceeding 100 V using the EL1002.

The maximum current through the positive (+) terminal of EL1002 must never

exceed 200 A.

The maximum current through the shunt/current measurement unit of the EL1002

must never exceed 680 A.

The cables must be as short and thick as possible.

During EL1002 start up and calibration, do not sink external DC current.

Electronic Load -7-

3Introduction

Zahner’s electronic load EL1002 can be used as an extension to the ZENNIUM

series potentiostats or in a stand-alone configuration. In the following sections,

both scenarios are discussed.

3.1 Modular Concept –Extension to ZENNIUM Series Potentiostat

3.1.1 EL1002 Electronic Load

Dynamic measurements (e.g. impedance spectroscopy) on electrochemical objects

is a topic of high interest in the field of electrochemistry. Modern EIS instruments

cover a broad frequency range from µHz to MHz and can handle impedances

ranging from µΩ to GΩ. However, the maximum applied current is mostly limited to

a few amperes. For many applications in the field of batteries and fuel cells,

measurements at high currents are desired. For the ZENNIUM series potentiostats,

the current range can be significantly extended using Zahner’s electronic load

EL1002.

The EL1002 is a single quadrant potentiostat (it can sink but cannot source current)

and is designed to be used as an extension of the ZENNIUM potentiostat to

investigate high power electrochemical systems. The highly dynamic EL1002 load

is optimized for galvanostatic EIS measurements up to 100 kHz on energy storage

and conversion devices such as proton-exchange membrane (PEM) and solid oxide

(SO) fuel cells.

The EL1002 allows for power dissipation of up to 1 kW in terms of voltages up to

100 V and currents up to 200 A. In combination with a third-party instrument

(electronic loads or sources), measurements at higher currents (up to 680 A) can

be carried out. Moreover, the EL1002 setup can be combined in different ways with

power supplies to allow for measurements on electrolyzers and large format

batteries.

Equipping our Zennium workstation setup with our parallel measurement channel

cards (PAD4) upgrades the EL1002 to the optimal instrument for all kinds of stack

measurements on batteries, fuel cells and electrolyzers. For the connection of the

EL1002 with the ZENNIUM potentiostat, an EPC42 interface card is used.

Electronic Load -8-

3.1.2 EPC42 Controller Card

An EPC42 card has 4 connection ports by which up to 4 power potentiostats

(PP2X2 and/or XPOT2) or electronic loads (EL1002) can be connected. Up to four

EPC42 cards can be installed in a ZENNIUM series potentiostats. Therefore, a total

of up to 16 external devices (PP2X2, XPOT2, EL1002) can be connected to a

ZENNIUM series potentiostat with four EPC42 cards.

Each port of the EPC42 card provides analogue and digital interfaces for the

communication between the electronic load and the ZENNIUM potentiostat. The

analogue part of the port feeds the electronic load with a signal which dictates DC

voltage as well as AC amplitude at a resolution of 16 bit. The current and voltage

signals measured by the electronic load are forwarded via the digital part of the

port to the ZENNIUM, where they are processed in the same way as the signals

from the internal cards. This means the signals are quantized with up to 32 bits.

The EPC42 card provides a bandwidth of 250 kHz.

A bi-directional serial communication line allows to digitally control the external

potentiostat functions and measuring ranges.

External power potentiostats or loads connected to the ZENNIUM series

potentiostats can only be operated sequentially. Simultaneously controlling

multiple power potentiostats is not possible.

Never plug or unplug the D-SUB connector at the backside of the electronic load

while the ZENNIUM is switched on. Otherwise, the devices and the object may be

damaged. It is recommended to fix the D-SUB connector with the screws to

prevent accidental unplugging.

Electronic Load -9-

3.2 Stand-Alone Mode

Zahner’s power potentiostats or electronic loads (PP2X2, XPOT2, EL1002) can also

be operated in stand-alone mode, for which a Windows 10/11 or Linux computer is

necessary. For software updates, Windows 10/11 is required and the use of a virtual

machine is not permitted. The application of a USB hub for connecting the device

is not recommended.

The potentiostats are controlled in stand-alone mode by the Zahner-Lab. In stand-

alone mode, DC measurements are possible (charging/discharging experiments,

constant current/potential).

The PP2X2/XPOT2/EL1002 potentiostat can also be controlled with other third-

party software (e.g., Python, and C++). This allows for the integration in already

established experimental setups. The potentiostats provide serial interfaces via

two USB serial ports which can be used to communicate with the potentiostat via

the SCPI protocol.

In the future, it is planned that the ethernet interface will be activated via a free

software update.

Zahner has prepared a GitHub library for controlling the PP2X2/XPOT2/EL1002

potentiostats with Python via SCPI:

https://github.com/Zahner-elektrik/zahner_potentiostat

And a GitHub repository with examples using the library:

https://github.com/Zahner-elektrik/Zahner-Remote-Python

The API documentation can be found at:

https://doc.zahner.de/zahner_potentiostat

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