Ampro XA1000 Bedienungsanleitung

XA1000 & XA1400

INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL

1. Save the carton and packing material even if the equipment has

arrived in good condition. Should you ever need to ship the unit, use

only the original factory packing.

2. Read all documentation before operating your equipment. Retain

all documentation for future reference.

3. Follow all instructions printed on unit chassis for proper operation.

4. Do not spill water or other liquids into or on the unit, or operate

the unit while standing in liquid.

5. Make sure power outlets conform to the power requirements listed

on the back of the unit.

6. Do not use the unit if the electrical power cord is frayed or broken.

The power supply cords should be routed so that they are not likely

to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them,

paying particular attention to cords and plugs, convenience

receptacles, and the point where they exit from the appliance.

7. Always operate the unit with the AC ground wire connected to the

electrical system ground. Precautions should be taken so that the

means of grounding of a piece of equipment is not defeated.

8. Mains voltage must be correct and the same as that printed on the

rear of the unit. Damage caused by connection to improper AC voltage

is not covered by any warranty.

9. Have gain controls on ampliﬁers turned down during power-up

to prevent speaker damage if there are high signal levels at the inputs.

10 Power down and disconnect units from mains voltage before making

connections.

11. Never hold a power switch in the “ON” position if it won’t stay

there itself!

12. Do not use the unit near stoves, heat registers, radiators, or other heat

producing devices.

13. Do not block fan intake or exhaust ports. Do not operate equipment

on a surface or in an environment which may impede the normal ﬂow

of air around the unit, such as a bed, rug, weathersheet, carpet,

or completely enclosed rack. If the unit is used in an extremely dusty

or smoky environment, the unit should be periodically “blown free”

of foreign matter.

14. Do not remove the cover. Removing the cover will expose you

to potentially dangerous voltages. There are no user serviceable

parts inside.

15. Do not drive the inputs with a signal level greater than that required

to drive equipment to full output.

16. Do not connect the inputs / outputs of ampliﬁers or consoles to any

other voltage source, such as a battery, mains source, or power supply,

regardless of whether the ampliﬁer or console is turned on or off.

17. Do not run the output of any ampliﬁer channel back into another

channel’s input. Do not parallel- or series-connect an ampliﬁer output

with any other ampliﬁer output. Australian Monitor Inc is not

responsible for damage to loudspeakers for any reason.

18. Do not ground any red (“hot”) terminal. Never connect a “hot” (red)

output to ground or to another “hot” (red) output!

19. Non-use periods. The power cord of equipment should be unplugged

from the outlet when left unused for a long period of time.

20. Service Information Equipment should be serviced by qualiﬁed service

personnel when:

A. The power supply cord or the plug has been damaged.

B. Objects have fallen, or liquid has been spilled into the equipment

C. The equipment has been exposed to rain

D. The equipment does not appear to operate normally, or exhibits a

marked change in performance

E. The equipment has been dropped, or the enclosure damaged.

THIS SAFETY INFORMATION IS OF A GENERAL NATURE AND MAY BE SUPERSEDED BY INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED WITHIN THIS MANUAL

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

PAGE 3XA1000 & XA1400 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL

Congratulations on choosing Australian Monitor for your professional

ampliﬁcation requirements.

The design of our XA Series Audio Power Ampliﬁers embraces all the aspects of

a well designed ampliﬁer. The visual design, mechanical,

electrical and sonic parameters, along with our dedicated manufacturing

process, have all been optimized to provide a professional tool that exhibits

quality, reliability and longevity.

The XA Series ampliﬁers are 2 unit (3.5”) high, 19” wide, rack

mountable units.

Each channel of the ampliﬁer comprises a balanced active input with a

buffered attenuator driving a drive stage which in turn drives a fan-cooled

output stage. The ampliﬁer operates from a high current-capable switch-mode

power supply.

These ampliﬁers have been speciﬁcally designed to deliver their high power

output with minimal distortion, and provide the critical degree of control required

by your speakers.

AUS, EUR, USA

Rev A: 01/08/08

This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated

“dangerous voltage” within the products enclosure that may be of sufﬁcient

magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.

This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of important

operational and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature

accompanying the appliance.

To prevent electric shock do not use this (polarised) plug with an extension

cord, receptacle or other outlet unless the blades can be fully inserted to

prevent blade exposure. To prevent electric shock, match wide blade of

plug to wide slot, fully insert.

Caution:

CAUTION

CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK,

DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK),

NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE,

REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONAL.

WARNING!

TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK

DO NOT EXPOSE THIS EQUIPMENT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.

RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK

DO NOT OPEN

INTRODUCTION AND CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 3

FEATURES 4

PROTECTION FEATURES 5

CONTROLS, CONNECTORS & INDICATORS 6–7

INSTALLATION 7–8

OPERATION 9

MAINTENANCE 10

SPECIFICATIONS 11

PAGE 4 XA1000 & XA1400 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL

FEATURES

> Custom designed, 2RU heavy duty steel chassis

> Front carry handles

> Symmetrical layout – even-weight distribution

> Class G operation

> High efﬁciency switch mode power supply

> Efﬁcient front to back cooling

> Variable speed axial fans

> Balanced inputs and buffered attenuators

> Input signal strapping (loop through) connectors

> Suppression of inrush current at mains turn-on

> Input muting at turn-on

> Input overvoltage protection

> Radio-frequency interference suppression

> Short-circuit protection and indication

> High overload mains breaker

> Thermal sensing

> Signal ground lift switch

> Built in limiter circuit

> Stereo, bridged or parallel operation

> Binding post and 4 pole speaker output connection

> VU meter

> Output clip indication

> Multi-role output fault indication

> High-quality, close-tolerance components throughout

> Lightweight

PROTECTION FEATURES

PAGE 5XA1000 & XA1400 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL

CONTROLS, CONNECTORS & INDICATORS

Front Panel

The XA Series differ only slightly across all models and all share the same

features on their front panels.

Figure 1 shows the panel layout of an XA ampliﬁer.

The functions of the controls and indicators are as follows:

1Power Switch

Press the switch to up for power on and down for power off. At start-up

(turn-on), the input to the ampliﬁer is muted for approximately two seconds.

2 Australian Monitor Installation Series Logo/On Indicator

The Australian Monitor Installations Series logo will illuminate and indicates that

the ampliﬁer is on and receiving mains power.

3 Fault Indicator

This red LED indicates a problem with the ampliﬁer or that it has over heated. In

the advent of a thermal overload, the internal operating temperature of one or

both ampliﬁer channels has exceeded a safe level of operation and the channels

will be automatically muted. The fans will continue to run and once the effected

channel/s have cooled, they will unmute and return to normal operation.

4 Attenuator

Level control for your ampliﬁer is provided by a potentiometer on the front panel

and indicates gain. There are two controls on all XA models. Each control is

labelled for the channel which it operates.

5 VU Meter

This is a blue LED lamp which displays the level of the output stage signal.

The attack and decay time (ballistics), of the status circuit are those of a Peak

Programme Meter (P.P.M.)

6 Clip

This red LED will illuminate when clip occurs.

Clipping can occur under extreme operating conditions such as:

> complex or very low loads

> over driving the ampliﬁer

It should be noted that the minimum load for the ampliﬁer is 2 ohms per

channel (4 ohm bridged).

Note: The ampliﬁer is not damaged by running into clipping, but

speakers may be. To maximise the life of your speakers, try to keep

clipping infrequent.

The clip detection circuit works by using the feedback circuit where the input

is continually compared to the output. When the input differs from the output

either due to rail clipping or current limiting the clip circuit is triggered.

This point also controls the voltage limiter so the voltage will limit at precisely

the clip point no matter what the load is or where the mains voltage level is.

7 Bridge Indicator

This amber LED will illuminate when the input switch is set to bridge.

8Fan Grill

This is where air is drawn into the ampliﬁer for cooling.

Note: You should always ensure that the fan grille is kept clean and

free from the build up of dust and lint. This will ensure longer operation

of your ampliﬁer and reduce the possibility of it prematurely going into

thermal shutdown mode. See the section “Installation – Cooling”

on page 14 for recommended cooling procedures.

1 2

PAGE 6 XA1000 & XA1400 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL

CONTROLS, CONNECTORS & INDICATORS

Rear Panel

9Balanced Input

A female 3-pin combined XLR/TRS type connector is provided on each input:

Pin 1/Sleeve = Signal Ground;

Pin 2/Tip = Hot (non-inverting or in phase);

Pin 3/Ring = Cold (inverting or reverse phase).

9a Signal Strapping

A male 3-pin XLR type connector is provided and wired in parallel with the

female input XLR for strapping / looping signal between ampliﬁers.

10 Signal Ground Lift Switch

When this switch is engaged it disconnects signal ground from the input

connectors on both channels. It is intended to be used when “hum” is caused by

earth loops (due to different ground potentials between source equipment and

the ampliﬁer) or stray magnetic ﬁeld pick up on the input ground/shield wiring.

(It does not interrupt signal ground continuity on the strapping connector). The

ampliﬁer should be turned off before engaging this switch!

11 Binding Post Outputs

Touch proof binding posts (banana jacks) are provided for speaker output

termination with banana plugs or bare wire. The red post is used as positive

and the black post is used as negative. For bridge connection, use only the red

posts.

11a Speaker Output Connector

A 4 pole speaker connector is provided as an additional speaker output. This

standard of loudspeaker-to-ampliﬁer connection allows access to both channels

of the ampliﬁer via the one connector for bi-amp applications. Channel-A is

considered the dominant channel and has both channels wired to the speaker

connector. See the installation section of this manual for detailed information on

speaker connector wiring.

10 11

11a

14 9a 15 12

12 Mains Connection

Your ampliﬁer is ﬁtted with an internationally recognised IEC mains inlet

connector.

Please ensure that the connecting mains lead for use with the IEC connector is

of an approved type and is of sufﬁcient current carrying ability.

Note: Your unit must always be earthed!

13 Circuit Breaker

The ampliﬁer is ﬁtted with a resettable circuit breaker.

If the circuit breaker trips, allow 3 mins for the contacts to reset thermally

before pushing the reset button to reset it mechanically.

14 Stereo/Bridge/Parallel Mono Switch

When set to STEREO, your ampliﬁer operates as two independant channels.

When set to PARALLEL, your ampliﬁer will only accept signal applied to Channel

A’s input XLR. Channel B’s output signal will come from A’s input but both

channels will have independant attenuator control.

When set to BRIDGE mode of operation your ampliﬁer will only accept

signal applied to channel A’s input XLRs and the level of both channels

will be controlled by the channel A attenuator. The output from channel B

will automatically be of the opposite polarity (reversed phase) and speaker

termination should be sourced from the red binding-post outputs. Alternatively,

the speaker could be connected to poles 1+ & 2+ of the 4 pole speaker

connector (see Installation – Output Wiring on page 11).

15 Gain Setting

This switch adjusts the sensitivity of your ampliﬁer. When set to 0dB a 0dBu

signal applied to the input with the attenuator at max will deliver maximum

power to the output.

PAGE 7XA1000 & XA1400 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL

INSTALLATION

Power Requirements

Power consumption for your model of the XA Series ampliﬁer is indicated on the

rear panel for maximum output.

Ensure that your mains voltage is the same as the rear panel mains voltage

marker (+/- 10%).

Mounting

Your ampliﬁer is designed for standard 19” rack mounting and occupies 2 EIA

rack units (3.5”). The mounting centres are:

Vertical: 3.0” (76.2mm)

Horizontal: 18.2” (461.2mm) to 18.7” (473.8mm).

The slots in the mounting ﬂange will accept bolt diameters up to 1/4” (6.35mm).

We recommend that you provide additional support for the ampliﬁer, especially

if road use is planned, as the weight could bend some rack frames. This support

can be provided by secure shelving on support rails.

Cooling

Your XA Series ampliﬁer is cooled by an axial fan which draws cool air from

the front of the ampliﬁer and expels the heated air out the rear of the ampliﬁer.

These ampliﬁers offer variable speed fans which run at half speed up to to full

speed when the internal heatsink temperature exceeds 60° C (128° F).

An unrestricted airﬂow into and out from the ampliﬁer must be provided. Any

restriction of the air ﬂow will cause heat to build up within the unit and possibly

force the unit into its thermal shutdown mode.

If the ampliﬁers are to be operated in an environment where the airﬂow is

restricted such as sealed racks, the cooling should be supplemented by extra

cooling fans to evacuate the heated air and aid the ﬂow of cool air through

the unit.

Input Wiring

IMPORTANT: Do not directly connect pin 1 on the ampliﬁer’s input or

strapping XLR, to the ampliﬁer’s chassis, speaker ground or power

ground!

WARNING: Input signal ground is not to be used as a safety

ground (earth).

The input to your ampliﬁer is a balanced 3-pin conﬁguration and requires all

three pins to be connected. Only high quality twin-core shielded cable should

be used.

When wiring for a balanced source, the connector going to the input of your

ampliﬁer should be wired as follows:

Pin 1/Sleeve = GROUND / SHIELD.

Pin 2/Tip = HOT (In Phase - non inverting).

Pin 3/Ring = COLD (Reverse Phase - inverting).

When wiring from an unbalanced source you must ensure that pin 3 is

connected to pin 1 (input ground), either by linking the pins in the input

connector or by the source equipment’s output wiring.

When wiring for an unbalanced source:

Pin 1/Sleeve = GROUND/SHIELD

Pin 2/Tip = HOT (in phase with the ampliﬁer’s output),

Pin 3/Ring = GROUND/SHIELD (joins to pin 1).

Note: In-line XLR connectors often have a termination lug that connects

directly to the chassis of the connector.

IMPORTANT: Do not link this lug to pin 1 at the ampliﬁer’s input as it

will defeat the ampliﬁer’s input grounding scheme.

Output Wiring

When wiring to your speakers always use the largest gauge wire your connector

will accept. The longer the speaker lead, the greater the losses will be, resulting

in reduced power and less damping at the load. We recommend using a heavy

duty, two core ﬂex (four core ﬂex if bi-amping) 10 to 12 gauge (2mm2 to

2.5mm2 or 50/0.25 or equivalent) as a minimum.

Binding Post Outputs

When terminating to the 4 mm binding post (banana jack) output connectors,

banana plugs or bare wires can be used. The red terminal is positive and the

black terminal is negative (ground).

If running in BRIDGE mode, only the red binding posts are used.

When bridging, Channel A provides the positive output to the load and channel

B provides the negative output to the load.

Speaker Outputs

When using the 4 pole speaker connector for speaker output, use only the

mating 4 pole in-line connector. This connector is designed so that both

channels can be fed from a single connector.

Two speaker connectors are provided on the ampliﬁer.

The ”Channel A” speaker connector actually carries both channel A and channel

B outputs (see Speaker Connector Wiring Diagrams).

The ”Channel B” speaker connector carries the Channel B output only.

This arrangement allows you the option of connecting to the outputs separately

or together. Connecting through a single connector has the advantage of

minimising connections, preserving phasing and simplifying channel allocation,

which is particularly important when bi-amping or in bridge mode.

IMPORTANT: Do not overload your ampliﬁer by connecting the

channel B output twice!

Channel A is used as the “dominant” channel and when sourcing a dual output

from Channel A, the following standard should normally be used (depending on

speaker system wiring):

Channel A = Left or Low Frequencies.

Channel B = Right or High Frequencies.

When in bridge mode:

Pin 1+ = Bridge Output Positive

Pin 2+ = Bridge Output Negative

PAGE 8 XA1000 & XA1400 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL

INSTALLATION

Hum Problems

Most equipment is designed for minimum hum when used under ideal

conditions. When connected to other equipment, and to a safety earth in an

electrically noisy environment, problems may occur.

The three ”E”s of hum and hum related noise which can plague your audio

system are:

a) Electrostatic radiation,

b) Electromagnetic radiation, and

c) Earth loops

Electrostatic radiation capacitively couples to system elements, causing an

interference voltage that mainly affects higher impedance paths, such as

ampliﬁer inputs. The source is generally a nearby high voltage, such as a mains

lead or a speaker lead. The problem can usually be reduced by moving the

offending lead away, or by providing additional electrostatic shielding (i.e. an

earthed conductor which forms a barrier to the ﬁeld).

Electromagnetic radiation induces interference currents into system elements

that mainly effect lower impedance paths. Radio transmitters or stray magnetic

ﬁelds from mains transformers are often the cause of this problem. It is

generally more difﬁcult to eliminate this kind of interference, but again, moving

the source away or providing a magnetic shield (i.e. a steel shield) should help.

Earth loops can arise from the interfacing of the various pieces of equipment

and their connections to various safety earths.

This is by far the most common cause of hum, and it occurs when source

equipment and the ampliﬁer are plugged into different points along the safety

earth where the safety earth wiring has a current ﬂowing through it. The current

ﬂowing through the wire produces a voltage drop due to the wire’s resistance.

This voltage difference between the amp earth and source equipment earth

appears to the ampliﬁer’s input as a signal and is ampliﬁed as hum.

There are three things you can do to avoid earth loop problems:

Ensure the mains power for the audio system is “quiet” i.e. without equipment

on it such as air-conditioning, refrigeration or lighting which may generate noise

in the earth circuit.

Ensure all equipment within the system shares a common ground/ safety

earth point. This will reduce the possibility of circulating earth currents, as the

equipment will be referenced to the same ground potential.

Ensure that balanced signal leads connecting to the ampliﬁer are connected to

earth at one end only.

Signal Ground-Lift Switch

When proper system hook-up has been made, you may still have some hum

or hum related noise. This may be due to any of the previously mentioned

gremlins.

Your XA Series ampliﬁer has a “Signal Ground Lift” switch which disconnects

the input ground wiring from the ampliﬁer. A substantial drop in hum and/or

hum related noise can result from the judicious use of this switch.

Note: If the input ground lift switch is used, you must ensure adequate

shielding of the input wiring. If the signal source equipment does not

provide adequate shielding (i.e. a deﬁnitive connection to ground), you

must disconnect the shield from the input connector’s ground pin (Pin-1)

and re-connect it to the ”drain” contact on the input connector. This will

ensure the shield on your input wiring actually goes to the ampliﬁer

chassis and subsequently to earth.

IMPORTANT: Do not connect pin-1 directly to the drain connection.

You will defeat the ampliﬁers internal grounding scheme and possibly

cause instability to the ampliﬁer.

Always ensure that your ampliﬁer is off and the attenuators are down when

you engage this switch. This switch should only be used when the ampliﬁer is

operated from a balanced signal source.

Note: Be wary of quasi-balanced outputs, these are often no more

than ﬂoating unbalanced outputs.

Speaker Connector Wiring Diagram

PAGE 9XA1000 & XA1400 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL

OPERATION

IMPORTANT: All signal source equipment should be adequately earthed.

This not only ensures your safety but everybody else’s as well. Faults

can and do occur in mains connected equipment where the chassis

can become “live” if it is not properly earthed. In these instances,

the fault in a “ﬂoating” (ungrounded) piece of equipment will look for the

shortest path to ground, which could possibly be your ampliﬁer’s input.

If the fault current is large enough, it will destroy the input to your

ampliﬁer and look for the next available path, which may be you!

Before making any connections to your XA Series ampliﬁer, observe the

following:

Ensure the mains voltage supply matches the label on the rear panel of your

ampliﬁer (+/- 10%).

Ensure that the power switch is OFF.

Ensure that all system grounds (earth) are connected from a common point.

Avoid powering equipment within a system from multiple power sources that

may be separated by large distances.

Check the continuity of all interconnecting leads to your ampliﬁer; ensure that

there are no open or short circuited conductors.

Ensure that the power handling of your load (speakers) can adequately cope

with the power output of the ampliﬁer.

Before operating your XA Series ampliﬁer, ensure that:

> The attenuators are at the “OFF” position (fully anticlockwise).

> The GROUND LIFT Switch is not engaged (should be in the “out” position).

> The BRIDGE Switch is not engaged if you are not running the amp in

bridged mode.

Powering Up

REMEMBER: The ampliﬁer should be the last piece of equipment that

you turn on and the ﬁrst piece of equipment that you turn off.

We recommend turning the attenuators on your ampliﬁer down when turning

the unit on.

When you power up your XA Series, your ampliﬁer goes through an initialising

period before it will accept signal. The Inrush Current Suppression (ICS) circuit

is in operation for the ﬁrst 0.2 seconds. This limits the mains current, to prevent

”nuisance-tripping” of circuit breakers.

During this period you will hear a couple of relays “click”, indicating mains is

now directly applied to the ampliﬁer and the signal path is connected.

While the ICS circuit operates there is also a 30dB mute on the signal input.

After two seconds this mute will release, allowing any applied signal to pass

un-attenuated.

When switching the ampliﬁer off, wait a couple of seconds before switching the

ampliﬁer on again. This allows the ICS circuit to reset.

Level Matching

The normal operating position for the attenuator is the max position (fully

clockwise, no attenuation). In this position the ampliﬁer operates at full gain.

Turning the attenuator back (anticlockwise) reduces the input sensitivity.

Note: If full power output is required, you should operate your ampliﬁer

with the front panel attenuator above the half way (12o’clock) position,

otherwise clipping of the input circuitry and its resultant distortion will

occur before full output power is achieved.

Sensitivity

Your ampliﬁer is a linear device operating with a ﬁxed input to output voltage

gain (less attenuation). The maximum output voltage swing is determined by the

applied mains voltage, load, load type and the duty cycle of the applied signal.

The input sensitivity for your XA Series ampliﬁer when the attenuator is at

maximum position (fully clockwise) is nominally:

0dBu (0.775 volts in) for rated power into a 4 ohm load.

Each channel of your XA Series ampliﬁer has a nominal balanced input

impedance of 20kOhms (@1kHz) and should not present a difﬁcult load for any

signal source.

Your signal source (i.e. the equipment feeding signal to the ampliﬁer) should

have an output impedance of 600 Ohms or lower to avoid unwanted high

frequency loss in the cabling.

Input overload occurs at +20.5dBu(8.25volts).

PAGE 10 XA1000 & XA1400 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL

MAINTENANCE

Only competent or qualiﬁed persons should attempt any service or maintenance

of your ampliﬁer. Your XA Series ampliﬁer will need minimal maintenance.

No internal adjustments need to be made to the unit to maintain optimum

performance. To provide years of unhindered operation we suggest a

maintenance inspection be carried out on a regular basis, say every 12 months

or so.

Fans

Due to the openness of the air path through your XA Series ampliﬁer, very little

dust should settle within the ampliﬁer. The unit has been designed so that any

dust and/or foreign particles that do settle within the ampliﬁer will not unduly

hinder the cooling of the ampliﬁer.

The grille in front of the fans will act to limit the amount of dust and lint

entering the ampliﬁer. You will ﬁnd in time that there will be a build up of dust

and lint on the grille which may start to hinder the airﬂow through the ampliﬁer.

You should periodically remove the dust and keep the grille clean. Removal of

dust from the rear grille will also aid cooling.

Over time, dust may build up on the leading edge of the fan blades and reduce

their cooling efﬁciency. The time taken for this to happen will depend on the

environment and the amount of use.

The fan blades are accessible once the lids are removed and can be easily

cleaned. You need only hold the fan rotor still and wipe the dust off the blades.

Many users stall the fan and use compressed air to blow the dust off the fan

blades. It is important to note that the fan blades must be held still whilst

blowing air over the blades otherwise you may burn out the bearings in the fan.

SPEAKER

CONNECTOR

(BRIDGE)

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