Atari 400 Bedienungsanleitung

ERROR CODES

ERROR

CODE

ERROR

CODE

MESSAGE

Memory

ufficient

lue

Error

4 Too

Many

Vari

String

Length

Error

Out

Data

Error

Number

greater

than

32767

Input

Statement

Error

Array

String

DIM

Error

Argument

Stack

Overflow

oating

Point

Overflow

Underflow

Error

Line

Not

Found

Matching

FOR S

tement

Line

Too

Long

Error

GOSUB

FOR

Lin

e Del

eted

TUR

Error

Garbage

Error

lid

String

Character

Note

e foll

owing

are

INPUT

OUTPU

T er-

rors

that

resu

e u

disk

dri

ves,

accessory

ces

Furth

er in-

ion is

pro

with

e auxilia

hard

ware

LOAD

program

Long

ice

Number

Larger

OAD

File

Error

128

BREAK

Abort

129

IOCB

130

Nonexistent

Device

131

IOCB

Write

Only

132

lid

Comm

133

File

not

134

BAD IO

~umb

135

Error

136

EOF

137

Truncat

ed R

eco

138

vice

Tim

139

evice

NAK

140

Seri

Bus

141

ursor

Out

ERROR

CODE

ERROR

CODE

MESSAGE

142

Ser

ial Bus

Data

Frame

verr

143

Serial

bus

data

ame

checks

ror

144

Dev

rlone

145

Read

write

compare

error

146

Funct

ion

not

implemen

ted

147

sufficient

RAM

160

Drive

numb

ror

161

Too

many

OPEN

files

162

Disk

full

163

nrecov

rab

system

data

ror

164

File

number

smatch

165

File

name

error

166

POINT

ata

ngth

error

167

File l

ocked

168

Command

inva

lid

169

Director

full

170

File

not

found

171

POINT

nvalid

For

ana

tion

Err

Mes

sages

see

Appendix

TABLE OF MODES

AND

SCREEN FORMATS

Vert.

(Rows)

Vert.

(Rows)

RAM

Gr.

Mode

Horiz.

Split

Full

Requir

Mod

e Ty

(Column

Scre

Screen

Colors

y t

)

0 TE

40 -24 2

993

TEXT

20 24

513

2 TEXT

12 5

3 GRAPHI

24 4 2

4 GR

48 2

537

5 GRA PHI

40 48

4 1

017

APHI

160

80 96 2

2025

APHI

160

3945

GRAPH

ICS

320

1/2

7900

MODE, SET COLOR, COLOR TABLE

SETC

OLOR

pl)

fault

Mod

olor

olo

ors

nditi

on Re

ster No.

(aex

DESCRIP

TIO

D C

MENTS

0 COLOR da ta -

LIGHT BLUE MODE 0 a

1 ac

ally Cha

cter

lum

ance

(

m e color as

bac

kground

)

DARK BLUE ALL

TEXT

rmines

Back

gro

WINDOWS

3 ch

arac

to -

BLACK 4

ted Borde1·

ORANGE

0 COLOR

data

Cha1·acter

GHT

GREEN MODES 1 1

actually

determine

s Ch

aracte

DARK BLUE a

2 cha

cter

be Ch

aracter

RED 2 3 plott

Char

acte

ACK (

Text

Modes) 4

Backgro

und

Bord

ORANGE

0 1

hics

poin

LIGHT GREEN MODES

5, 1 2

Gra

poin

DARK BLUE

and

7 2 3

Graph

ics

poi

(Four

3 -

BLACK

Mode

s) 4 0 Gra

phics

point

(bac

kgr

defa

ult

rder

ORANGE

MODES 4 0 1

Grap

hics

point

an d 6 1 -

(Two-

lor 2 -

s) 3 -

BLACK 4 0 Gr

point

(

bac

ground

efau

Bor

der

LIG

HT GREEN 0 - -

DARK BLUE 1 1

Grap

cs p

oin

t lumi

nan

(sa

col

ackgr

nd)

MODE 8 2 0

poi

(ba

ckgr

d deliiUlt)

(1 Col

3 -

BLACK 2 L

ances)

4 Bor

der

CONTENTS

PREFACE

vii

1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Terminolog

y 1

ial

Not

tions

Thi

Manual

Abbre

iation

Used

This

anual

Operating

Modes

Spec

ial

Fun

tion

eys

Arithmetic

Operator

s 6

Operator

Precedence

Built-In

Fun

tions

Graphics

Sound

and

Games

round

and

Key

board

Rollover 8

Error

Messages

2 COMMANDS

BYE

CONT

LET

LIST

NEW

REM

RUN

TOP

3 EDIT FEATURES

Scr

n E

diting

Control

(CTRL) Key

Shift

Key

Doub le K

ons

Cursor

Control

Keys

Used

ith

CTRL Key

Keys

Used W

ith

Shi

Special

Function

Key s

Escape Key

4 PROGRAM STATEMENTS

FOR/NE

GOSUBIRETURN

GOTO

F/T

Contents

iii

ON/GOSUB

ON!GOTO

POP

RESTORE

TRAP

5 INPUT/OUTPUT COMMANDS

Input/Output

Devices

CLOAD

CSAVE

DOS

ENTER

INPUT

LOAD

LPRINT

NOTE

OPEN/CLOSE

POINT

PUT/GET

READ/DATA

SAVE

STATUS

XIO

Chaining

Programs

6 FUNCTION LIBRARY

Arithmetic

Functions

ABS

CLOG

EXP

INT

LOG

RND

SGN

SQR

Trigonometric

Functions

ATN

cos

SIN

DEG/RAD

Special

Purpose

Functions

ADR

FRE

PEEK

POKE

USR

7 STRINGS

ASC

CHR$

Contents

LEN

STR$

VAL

Str

ing

nipul

tion

ARRAYS

AND

MATRICES

DIM

CLR

GRAPHICS

MODES

AND

COMMANDS

GRAPHICS

Graphics

Modes

ModeO

s 1

and

Mod

3, 5, and 7

Mod

4 a

Mode8

COLOR

DRA

LOCATE

PLOT

POSITION

PUT/GET

SETCOLOR

XIO (

cial

Fill

Application)

igning

Colors

Tex

Modes

Gra

s Co

har

acter

SOUND

AND

GAME

CONTROLLERS

SOUND

PADDLE

PTRIG

ICK

STRIG

ADVANCED

PROGRAMMING

TECHNIQUES

Mem ory Con

servat

ion

Programm

hin

e La

ngu

age

APPENDIX

BASIC

RESERVED

WORDS

A-1

APPENDIX

ERROR

MESSAGES

B-1

APPENDIX

ATASCII

CHARACTER

SET

WITH

DECIMAL

HEXADECIMAL

LOCATIONS

C-1

APPENDIX

ATARI

400

800

MEMORY

MAP

D-1

Conte

nts

APPENDIX

E DERIVED FUNCTIONS

E-1

APPENDIX

PRINTED

VERSIONS

CONTROL CHARACTERS F-1

APPENDIX

G GLOSSARY G-1

APPENDIX

H USER PROGRAMS

H-1

APPENDIX

I MEMORY LOCATIONS 1-1

INDEX

117

Conte

PREFACE

This

manual

assumes

the

user

has

read

the

Atari

BASIC -A Self-Teaching

Guide

some

other

book

BASIC.

This

manual

not

intended

"teach"

BASIC.

is a

reference

guide

the

commands,

statements,

functions,

and

special

applications

Atari® BASIC.

The

programs

and

partial

programming

examples

used

this

manual

are

photostats

oflistings

printed

the

Atari

820™

Printer.

Some

the

special

sym-

bols

the

Atari

character

set

not

appear

the

same

the

printer;

e.g.,

the

clear

screen

symbol

'~"

appears

as a " }

The

examples

the

text

were

chosen

illustrate

particular

function-

not

necessarily

"good"

programming

techniques.

Each

the

sections

contains

groups

commands,

functions,

statements

dealing

with

particular

aspect

Atari

BASIC.

For

instance,

Section 9

contains

all

the

statements

pertaining

Atari's

unique

graphics

capabilities.

The

appen-

dices

include

quick

references

terms,

error

messages, BASIC

keywords,

memory

locations,

and

the

ASCII

character

set.

there

one

specified

application

for

the

Atari

Personal

Computer

System,

this

manual

directed

general

applications

and

the

general

user.

Appendix

contains

programs

that

illustrate

few

the

Atari

system's

capabilities.

Preface

vii

TERMINOLOGY

GENERAL

INFORMATION

This

section

explains

BASIC

terminology,

special

notations

and

abbre

iation

used

this

manual,

and

the

special

keys

the

ARI 400™

and

ARI

800

™

Personal

Computer

Systems

keyboard

also

points

other

sections

where

BASIC

commands

deal

with

specific

applications.

BASIC:

Beginner's

All-purpose

Symbolic

Instruction

Code.

BASIC

Keyword:

Any

reser

word

"legal

the

BASIC

language.

May

used

statement

command,

for

any

other

purpose.

(See

Appendi

x A

for

a list

all

"reserved

words"

keywords

ARI BASIC.)

BASIC

Statement:

Usually

begins

with

keyword

LET,

PRINT,

RUN.

Constant:

constant

is a

value

expressed

number

rather

than

represented

variable

name

For

example,

the

statement

X =

100

, X is a v

ariable

and

100

constant.

(See

Variable.)

Command

String:

Multipl

commands

(or

am st

em e

same

numbered

line

separated

colons.

Expression:

xpression

is i

gal

ombin

tion

riables

, c

onstan

ts,

operators,

and

functions

used

together

compute

value.

Expressions

can

either

arithmetic,

logical,

string

Function:

function

is a

computation

built

into

the

computer

that

can

called

for

the

user

program.

function

NOT

statement

; it

part

expressi

is r

lly

subroutin

used

omput

e a

which

then

"returned"

the

main

program

when

the

subroutine

returns.

COS (Cosine),

RND

(random),

FRE

(unused

memory

space),

and

INT

(integer

)

are

amples

functions

man

y cases

e v

alue

impl

y as

sign

ed to a

riabl

e (stored

var

iable)

for

lat

er use.

other

may

out

scr

een

im-

mediately.

See Section 6

for

functions.

Examples

functions

they

might

appear

programs

are:

PF.:HH

F.l[l(

(

the

random

numb

er ret

urn

ed)

(add

the

value

re-

urn

ed to 100 a

sto

re the

l in

variable

General In

tion 1

2 Gene

ral

Inf

orm

ion

Logical

Line:

logical

line

consists

one

three

physical

lines,

and

ter-

minated

either

a l;i#iii;lli

automatically

when

the

maximum

logical

line

limit

reached.

Each

numbered

line

a BASIC

program

consists

one

logical

line

when

displayed

the

screen.

When

entering

line

which

longer

than

one

physical

line,

the

cursor

will

automatically

the

beginning

the

physical

line

when

the

end

the

current

physical

line

reached

Ifi@ii!;lllis

not

entered,

then

both

physical

lines

will

part

the

same

logical

line.

Operator:

Operators

are

used

expressions.

Operators

include

addition

(+),

subtraction

multiplication ( *

division (/), exponentiatinn

(A),

greater

than

(>), less

than

(<),equal

)

,greater

than

equalt

o(>=),

less

than

equalto

(

<,:::

and

not equal

(< >

The

logical

keywords

AND,

NOT

and

are

also

operators.

The

and

operators

can

also

used

unary

operators;

g.,

-3.

not

put

several

unary

operators

row;

e.g.,--3

the

computer

will

in-

terpret

incorrectly.

Physical

Line:

One

line

characters

displayed

television

screen.

String:

string

is a

group

characters

enclosed

quotation

marks.

"ABRACADABRA"

is a

string.

are

ATARI

MAKES

GREAT

COMPUTERS"

and

"123456789"

. A

string

much

constant,

too,

may

stored

variable

. A

string

ariable

different,

that

its

name

must

end

the

character$.

For

example,

the

string

"AT

ARI

800"

assigned

variable

called

using

(optional)

LET

this:

LET

A$="ATAF.J

8H0"

OR (note quot

ation

marks)

(LET is optional;

the

quotes are required.)

Quotation

marks

may

used

within

string.

However

the

closing

quota-

tion

can

omitted

the

last

character

logical

line.

(See

Section

7 -

STRINGS).

Variable:

variable

the

name

for

numerical

other

quantity

which

may

(or

may

not)

change.

Variable

name

120

characters

long.

However,

variable

name

must

start

with

alphabetic

letter,

and

contain

only

capital

letters

and

numerical

digits.

isable

not

use

yw o

as a

variable

name

the

first

part

a va

riable

name

m ay

not

inte

preted

correctly.

Examples

toring

value

vari

ble:

LETC

123Dt..J8=

234

LETI

.JARIABLE112=267

543

LETA=1

LET

F5TH=6

LET

J::;HO

£19

Note:

LET

optional

and

may

omitted)

Variable

Name

Limit:

ATARI BASIC

limits

the

user

128

variable

names

.To

bypass

this

problem

use

individual

elements

arra

instead

having

separate

vari

ble

names.

BASIC

keeps

all

refe

ence

variabl

which

has

been

deleted

from

program

and

the

name

still

remains

the

variable

name

table.

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