Commodore VIC-20 Bedienungsanleitung

all-purpose

reference

guide

for

first-time

computerists

well

experienced

programmers!

commodore

COMPUTER

VM110

Reference

Finkel

Harris

Higginbottom

Tomczyk

Published

Commodore

Business

Machines,

Inc.

and

Howard W.

Sams

Co.,

Inc.

FIRST

EDITION

,.„__

[

1982

Commodore

Business

Machines.

Inc.

All

rights

reserved.

part

of this

publication

may

reproduced,

siored

retrieval

system,

transmitted

any

form

any

means,electronic,

mechanical,

photocopying,

recording

otherwise

without

the

prior

written

permission

Commodore

Business

Machines.

Inc.

TABLE

CONTENTS

INTRODUCING

THE

PROGRAMMER'S

REFERENCE

GUIDE

VIC

APPLICATIONS

GUIDE

v«

BASIC

PROGRAMMING

REFERENCE

GUIDE

VIC

BASIC;

The

Language

the

VIC

Commands

Statements

I/O

Statements

BASIC

Functions

Numbers

and

Variables

Operators

Logical

Operators

PROGRAMMING

TIPS

•

Editing

Programs

•

Using

the

GET

Statement

•

How

Crunch

BASIC

Programs

•

Working

With

Graphics

Character

Memory

Programmable

Characters

High

Resolution

Graphics

Multi-Color

Mode

Graphics

Superexpander

Cartridge

•

Sound

and

Music

MACHINE

LANGUAGE

PROGRAMMING

GUIDE

107

•

System

Overview

109

•

Introduction

Machine

Language

123

•

Writing

Your

First

Program

132

iii

Memory

Maps

170

Useful

Memory

Locations

178

The

KERNAL

182

KERNAL

Power

Activities

211

VIC

Chips

212

6560

(Video

Interface

Chip)

212

6522

(Versatile

Interface

Adapter)

218

INPUT/OUTPUT

GUIDE

227

User

Port

229

The

Senaf

Bus 234

Using

the

VIC

Graphic

Printer

236

VIC

Expansion

Port

241

Game

Controllers

246

Joystick

246

Paddfes

248

Light

Pen

250

•

RS-232

Interlace

Description

251

APPENDICES

261

Abbreviations

for

BASIC

Keywords

263

Screen

Border

Color

Combinations

265

Table

Musical

Notes

266

Screen

Display

Codes

267

Screen

Memory Maps

270

ASCII

and

CHRS

Codes

272

Deriving

Mathematical

Functions

275

Error

Messages

276

Converting

Programs

VIC

BASIC

278

Pinouts

for

Input/Output

Devices

280

VIC

Peripherals

Accessories

284

INDEX

285

SCHEMATIC

291

INTRODUCING...

THE

PROGRAMMER'S

REFERENCE

GUIDE!

The

Friendly

Computer

deserves

Friendly

Reference

Book.

That's

why

wrote

the

VIC

PROGRAMMER'S

REFER

ENCE

GUIDE

...

book

that

gives

you

information

about

your

VIC

Personal

Computer

than

any

other

source.

This

guide

was

compiled

from

the

experience

Commodore's

international

programming

staffs

than

half

dozen

countries,

and

designed

used

first-time

computerists

well

experienced

programmers.

cover

the

areas

VIC

20 programmers

are

most

interested

in,

divided

the

book

into

four

sections:

BASIC

Programming,

Machine

Language

Programming,

Input/Output

Interfacing

and

Programming

Graphics

Sound.

Here

are

just

few

the

ways

the

VIC

Programmer's

Reference

Guide

helps

meet

your

programming

needs:

—Our

complete

"dictionary"

includes

not

only

BASIC

com

mands

but

also

sample

programs

show

you

how

they

work.

—Need

introduction

Machine

Level

Programming?

Our

laymen's

overview

gets

you

started.

—The

exclusive

Kernal

helps

assure

the

programs

you

write

today

won't

outdated

tomorrow.

—The

VIC's

Interface

section

lets

you

expand

yourcomputer.

. .

from

RS232

for

telecommunications

joysticks,

game

paddles

and

lightpens.

—You'll

have

fun

learning

about

the

VIC's

graphic,

sound

and

music

capabilities

including

the

unique

"multicolor"

mode.

—You'll

discover

POKEs

you

never

knew

about,

and

probably

PEEK

into

some

memory

locations

you

never

knew

existed.

There

are

lots

fascinating

hours

ahead

you.

Let the

Programmer's

Reference

Guide

your

companion

you

continue

explore

your

VIC

Personal

Computer

System.

And

...

you

find

any

errors

this

book,

please

send

us a

postcard

letter

care

VIC

PROGRAMMER'S

REFERENCE

GUIDE,

VIC

Product

Marketing

Group,

Commodore

Business

Machines,

inc.,

681

Moore

Road,

King

Prussia,

19406+

We'd

appreciate

your

assistance

helping

"debug"

our

reference

guide

for

future

printings.

Enjoy your

new

reference

guide

. .

and

happy

programming!

—Toe

Authors

[

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