Compaq ProLiant 1000 Kurzanleitung

White Paper

July 1998

ECG093/0798

Prepared by ECG Product

Marketing Group

Compaq Computer Corporation

Contents

Overview.....................................3

Cost of Downtime .....................3

Compaq’s PCI Hot Plug

Strategy ......................................5

Compaq’s PCI Hot Plug

Implementation Advantages ......6

Highest Level of I/O

Availability................................6

PCI Hot Plug - an Industry-

Standard Approach...................7

Investment Protection ...............8

Efficient Manageability and

Serviceability............................9

Enhanced Solutions..................9

Conclusion ...............................10

For More Information................10

The Benefits of PCI Hot Plug

Technology

This white paper summarizes Compaq PCI Hot Plug technology

strategy, discusses Compaq’s leadership role in the development of

the industry standard, and explains the benefits of Compaq’s

implementation of the PCI Hot Plug standard to help organizations

maximize productivity by decreasing server downtime.

Abstract: As an increasing number of companies migrate their

business-critical applications to industry-standard servers, the need

for redundant features and hot-pluggable components to minimize

system downtime is increasing. Each downtime event affects more

people at ever-increasing costs. The need has grown beyond “high

availability” toward “approaching continuous availability”.

Continuous availability requires the

elimination not only of unplanned

downtime but a reduction of

planned downtime as well.

Compaq Computer Corporation, the

world’s leading server provider, has

historically taken a leadership role

in the development of such

industry-standard technologies that are approaching continuous

system availability. With the development of PCI Hot Plug

technology, an industry standard, Compaq strengthens its role in

providing the highest levels of I/O availability solutions for the

distributed enterprise.

PCI Hot Plug offers unprecedented server availability by allowing

users to replace, upgrade, and add PCI adapters to the PCI local bus

without powering down the server. PCI Hot Plug technology

benefits also include customer investment protection and efficient

manageability and serviceability.

In addition, with the release of the ProLiant 6500 and ProLiant 7000,

Compaq made the chassis and electronics design changes required

for safe and efficient removal and insertion of PCI adapters without

powering down the server. Next-generation PCI Hot Plug solutions

are included in Compaq’s newest enterprise server, the Pentium II

Xeon Model of the ProLiant 7000, released in June 1998.

The Benefits of PCI Hot Plug Technology 2

ECG093/0798

Notice

The information in this publication is subject to change without notice and is provided “AS IS” WITHOUT

WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. THE ENTIRE RISK ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS

INFORMATION REMAINS WITH RECIPIENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL COMPAQ BE LIABLE FOR

ANY DIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR OTHER DAMAGES

WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS

PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION), EVEN IF

COMPAQ HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

The limited warranties for Compaq products are exclusively set forth in the documentation accompanying

such products. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting a further or additional warranty.

This publication does not constitute an endorsement of the product or products that were tested. The

configuration or configurations tested or described may or may not be the only available solution. This test

is not a determination or product quality or correctness, nor does it ensure compliance with any federal

state or local requirements.

Product names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective

companies.

Compaq, Contura, Deskpro, Fastart, Compaq Insight Manager, LTE, PageMarq, Systempro, Systempro/LT,

ProLiant, TwinTray, ROMPaq, LicensePaq, QVision, SLT, ProLinea, SmartStart, NetFlex, DirectPlus,

QuickFind, RemotePaq, BackPaq, TechPaq, SpeedPaq, QuickBack, PaqFax, Presario, SilentCool,

CompaqCare (design), Aero, SmartStation, MiniStation, and PaqRap, registered United States Patent and

Trademark Office.

Netelligent, Armada, Cruiser, Concerto, QuickChoice, ProSignia, Systempro/XL, Net1, LTE Elite,

Vocalyst, PageMate, SoftPaq, FirstPaq, SolutionPaq, EasyPoint, EZ Help, MaxLight, MultiLock,

QuickBlank, QuickLock, UltraView, Innovate logo, Wonder Tools logo in black/white and color, and

Compaq PC Card Solution logo are trademarks and/or service marks of Compaq Computer Corporation.

Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, Windows NT Server and Workstation, Microsoft SQL Server for

Windows NT are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

NetWare and Novell are registered trademarks and intraNetWare, NDS, and Novell Directory Services are

trademarks of Novell, Inc.

Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation and Xeon is a trademark of Intel Corporation.

The Benefits of PCI Hot Plug Technology

White Paper prepared by ECG Product Marketing Group

Second Edition (July 1998)

Document Number ECG093/0798

The Benefits of PCI Hot Plug Technology 3

ECG093/0798

Overview

Customers today need improved availability solutions that minimize or eliminate downtime.

Compaq addresses this need by providing PCI Hot Plug technology that allows a PCI adapter to

be added, upgraded, or replaced while the host system is running and while other adapters in the

system provide uninterrupted service. PCI Hot Plug technology adds to other high-availability

solutions presently available from Compaq such as Recovery Server Options, Redundant

Netelligent Network Interface Controllers (NICs), hot-pluggable power supplies, hot-pluggable

fans, and hot-pluggable SCSI drives.

Cost of Downtime

Compaq’s decision to develop PCI Hot Plug technology is focused on addressing a key customer

issue: as computing environments grow more complex, the business costs of unplanned downtime

are soaring. The increasing cost of unplanned downtime in business-critical environments,

compounded by the time spent tracking the source of network or component failures, is creating a

greater need for improved higher availability solutions like PCI Hot Plug. Due to the growing

reliance upon computer networks, events resulting in system downtime, whether planned or not,

can cripple an organization. Regardless of the cause, the common denominator to all system

downtime is a high cost to a customer’s business.

A survey of 450 Fortune 1000 companies by Find/SVP1found that the average outage across

industries lasts four hours and costs $330,000. A typical company experiences nine outages per

year, resulting in annual losses of almost $3 million (excluding the cost of lost employee

productivity). Actual costs of downtime, however, can vary widely based on individual company

size, business type, industry application environment, and type of outage.

Table 1 illustrates the financial impact of system downtime on various industries.2

Table 1. Financial Impact of System Downtime

Industry Business Operation Industry Cost Range (per

hour) Avg. Cost per Hour of

Downtime

Financial Brokerage Operations $5.6M to $7.3M $6.45M

Financial Credit Cards/Sales

Authorization $2.2M to $3.1M $2.6M

Media Pay-per-view $67K to $233K $150K

Retail Home Shopping (TV) $87K to $140K $113K

Retail Home Catalog Sales $60K to $120K $90K

Transportation Airline Reservations $67K to $112K $89.5K

Media Teleticket Sales $56K to $82K $69K

Transportation Package Shipping $24K to $32K $28K

Finance ATM Fees $12K to $17K $14.5K

1Source: Dataquest, Perspective, Sept, 30, 1996

2This table represents only examples of downtime costs. Actual costs may vary. Source: Dataquest, Perspective, Sept. 30, 1996

The Benefits of PCI Hot Plug Technology 4

ECG093/0798

As a result of the astronomical costs associated with downtime, the vast majority of companies

today require nonstop access to their critical systems. This trend was recently highlighted in a

study conducted by the Standish Group International.3According to the study, 46 percent of the

Fortune 1000 companies require systems availability seven days a week, 24 hours a day (7x24).

An additional 39 percent stated that systems were required to be accessible five days a week,

eight hours a day. The study also showed that the vast majority of businesses today measure

tolerable downtime in mere seconds or minutes. As illustrated in Figure 2, 34 percent of the

Fortune 1000 companies can tolerate no more than three seconds of downtime on their business-

critical applications. Another 37 percent of these customers require recovery from a failure in

less than 3 minutes.

Because the need for improved higher availability solutions that reduce costly downtime is

paramount, Compaq’s industry-standard PCI Hot Plug technology is specifically designed to

minimize the cost of system downtime by increasing server uptime.

3Source: The Standish Group International, Inc. Demand Assessment Requirements Tracking Study, 1996

37%

29%

34%

< 3 minutes

< 3 hours0-3 seconds

46%

39%

15%

5 days/week

8 hours/day

7 days/week

24 hours/day

Other

Figure 1. Fortune

1000 Availability

Requirements

Figure 2. Fortune

1000 Allowable

Downtime

Requirements

The Benefits of PCI Hot Plug Technology 5

ECG093/0798

Compaq’s PCI Hot Plug Strategy

While advancements have been made to increase server uptime

(redundant and hot-pluggable components), one area of

availability that has not been adequately addressed is the

replacement of pre-failed or failed input/output (I/O) adapters

in a running system. Currently, system administrators without

PCI Hot Plug technology must power down their servers to

repair or expand their network connections or storage online.

In enterprise environments, this results in additional costs and

lost productivity. PCI Hot Plug technology is designed to address this customer concern. This

breakthrough technology offers unprecedented server availability by allowing users to replace,

upgrade, and add PCI adapters to the PCI local bus while the system is running.

Taking a very general approach, a fully capable hot-plug system includes hot-plug system

hardware (server), hot-plug aware software and operating system (OS) support, hot-plug capable

device drivers, and hot-plug aware PCI user interface as shown in Figure 3. The hardware and

software work together to ensure that any hot-plug activity occurring on the PCI bus is benign to

other devices on the PCI bus. (Note: The vast majority of industry-standard PCI adapters can be

made hot-plug aware through the installation of hot-plug device drivers. PCI adapter vendors

typically provide these device drivers).

Working in concert, system hardware and software monitor the PCI local bus to identify failed or

pre-failed adapters. Upon identification of a faulty or suspect adapter, the system immediately

notifies the user with a system alert. Once notified, the user interfaces with the OS to instruct the

hardware to isolate and power down the slot (containing the faulty adapter) from all other devices

on the PCI bus. The PCI bus can now be accessed and the suspect adapter can be removed. Once

a functioning adapter has been installed, the user simply notifies the OS and reactivates power to

the isolated slot.4The PCI Hot Plug system also protects the system and other adapters from the

electrical effects of hot-plug operations.

Figure 3. Generic PCI Hot Plug Technology

4Customers using NetWare do not have to interface with the OS to power down the slot; they can utilize the PCI Hot Plug Push

Button instead.

User Interface

Software and OS Support Device Drivers

PCI Adapter

Board

System

Hot-Plug Hardware

The Benefits of PCI Hot Plug Technology 6

ECG093/0798

Compaq’s PCI Hot Plug Implementation

Advantages

Compaq’s PCI Hot Plug implementation has multiple benefits including improved availability, an

industry-standard approach, customer investment protection, efficient manageability and

serviceability, and enhanced and future generation solutions.

Highest Level of I/O Availability

PCI Hot Plug technology represents a significant advance in fault-tolerant systems. PCI Hot Plug

technology provides for three major capabilities: hot replacement, hot upgrade, and hot

expansion.

•Hot replacement is the process of removing a failed or failing PCI adapter and inserting an

identical adapter into the same slot while the server is operating.

•Hot upgrade is the process of upgrading an existing adapter or the adapter’s device driver

while the server is operating. This allows the customer to reconfigure an adapter without

bringing the system down.

•Hot expansion is the process of installing an additional adapter into a previously empty slot

while the server is operating.

Redundant NIC and PCI Hot Plug

To provide an even greater improved availability benefit, PCI Hot Plug technology can be

combined with redundant controller configurations, such as Compaq Redundant Netelligent NIC

technology. Compaq Redundant Netelligent NIC technology allows two similar NICs to share a

single instance of device driver code. One NIC becomes the active network controller, and the

other NIC acts as a standby controller. If the active NIC fails, as shown in Figure 4, the network

traffic can be switched automatically to the standby NIC. With PCI Hot Plug, the failed NIC can

be replaced without shutting down the system. Thus, the end user can have continuous service

and the administrator can eliminate both planned and unplanned downtime.

Figure 4. Recovering from a network controller failure using PCI Hot Plug technology and Compaq

Redundant Netelligent NICs.

The Benefits of PCI Hot Plug Technology 7

ECG093/0798

PCI Hot Plug - an Industry-Standard Approach

Although a pioneer of PCI Hot Plug technology, Compaq chose to develop this new technology

as an industry-standard specification rather than a proprietary solution. Not only was Compaq a

pioneer in the development of systems hardware, but the company also had extensive experience

in systems configuration software and device driver development. Because of its unique position,

Compaq gathered the support of major software developers and independent hardware vendors

(IHVs) to deliver PCI Hot Plug technology as an open, industry standard.

Since the June 1996 announcement to deliver PCI Hot Plug technology as an open, industry

standard, Compaq has worked with key hardware and software partners and the industry-wide

PCI standards committee. This effort allows customers to move forward in implementing this

technology with greater flexibility. Compaq has taken several steps to ensure broad industry

acceptance of the technology, including:

•Standardized PCI Hot Plug technology by initiating and chairing the PCI Special Interest

Group (SIG) Hot Plug Workgroup. The workgroup included other industry leaders such as

Adaptec, Inc.; Cirrus Logic, Inc.; Digital Equipment Corporation; Hewlett-Packard

Company; IBM Corporation; Intel; Microsoft; Novell; Pro-Log Corporation; The Santa Cruz

Operation (SCO); and Texas Instruments Incorporated. Efforts of the workgroup allowed

quick completion of the PCI Hot Plug Specification - only 14 months from the group’s

charter- with an official release two months later. For more information on the PCI Hot Plug

Specification, visit the PCI SIG website at http://www.pcisig.com.

•Partnered with OS developers to ensure incorporation of the PCI Hot Plug standard in

product releases. Compaq has taken a proactive role in ensuring broad OS support for hot-

plug capabilities. Actions to date range from the development of cross-company design

teams to the delivery of PCI Hot Plug platforms for testing OSs. Currently, Microsoft,

Novell, and SCO support PCI Hot Plug.

•Worked with leading adapter vendors such as 3Com Corporation; Adaptec; Dialogic

Corporation; Digi International; Mylex Corporation; QLogic Corporation; American

Megatrends, Inc.; Madge Networks; SMC Networks Inc.; and SysKonnect to ensure broad

acceptance and rapid implementation of the standard.

•Licensed PCI Hot Plug which will be available to customers who OEM systems and system

components from Intel. Intel will incorporate Compaq’s implementation of PCI Hot Plug,

including the hot-plug controller and related system technologies, in some Intel Pentium II

Xeon products and beyond.

•Developed hot-plug aware drivers for Compaq NetFlex controllers, Netelligent controllers,

Smart array controllers, and Fast-Wide SCSI-2 controllers.

•Developed the Compaq ProLiant 6500 and ProLiant 7000, announced in August 1997, as the

first available server platforms conforming to the PCI Hot Plug Specification and added next-

“Compaq has demonstrated time and time again their ability to take new technology and new standards

and integrate them into products very rapidly. The PCI Hot Plug specification is a fantastic example.

The capability to remove or insert PCI controller cards into your computer without having to turn the

computer off is a very important ingredient in our (Intel's) long-term growth objectives.”

-John Miner, Vice-President & General Manager, Enterprise Server Group, Intel Corporation

The Benefits of PCI Hot Plug Technology 8

ECG093/0798

generation PCI Hot Plug features to Pentium II Xeon Models of the ProLiant 7000 announced

in June 1998. With these servers, Compaq once again set the standard in improved higher

availability and fault-tolerant solutions for the distributed enterprise.

•Provided PCI Hot Plug technology for future certain Alpha-based product lines

Investment Protection

PCI Hot Plug technology is compatible with previous PCI standards; therefore, any new hot-plug

system hardware, OSs, or adapters are PCI-compliant and will work with existing PCI-compliant

systems. (See Figure 5). The entire system does not need to be overhauled just because certain

components are hot-plug capable. Since no hardware changes are required for the vast majority

of the installed base of PCI adapters, customer investment protection is assured through backward

compatibility.

Figure 5. Due to the backward compatibility of the standard, PCI Hot Plug technology protects the

installed base of over 100 million PCI adapters in use today.

Adapter Drivers

Adapter Drivers Server HW

Server HW

Whether new or old, “Everything still works”

Interoperability: Systems, OS,

Drivers

or or

Hot Plug

Adapter Investment Protection

The Benefits of PCI Hot Plug Technology 9

ECG093/0798

Efficient Manageability and Serviceability

PCI Hot Plug is fully supported by Compaq’s industry-leading systems integration and

management tools, Compaq SmartStart and Compaq Insight Manager. For example, SmartStart

CDs contain the device drivers necessary to make Compaq adapters fully hot-plug capable. In

addition, Insight Manager identifies which PCI slots are hot pluggable and alerts system

administrators when adapters malfunction. All PCI Hot Plug alerts and actions can also be posted

on Compaq’s Integrated Management Display (an LCD display housed on the front of the server

that provides text-based service and diagnostic information) or accessed through Compaq’s

Remote Insight Board (a remote server management tool).

Compaq systems have also been designed to increase system uptime by reducing the time

associated with component replacement. The once laborious task of accessing PCI adapters has

been simplified through the use of a tool-free access door. (See Figure 6). In addition, light-

emitting diodes (LEDs) have been installed above every PCI Hot Plug slot for easy identification

of failed components. The LEDs can be viewed from above the system when the access door is

open or from behind the machine (ensuring clear visibility from all vantage points). Normally

functioning adapters are indicated by green LEDs and failed or suspect adapters are indicated by

amber LEDs.

Figure 6. Tool-free access door enables quick replacement of hot-plug aware PCI adapters.

Enhanced Solutions

Compaq has worked within PCI Hot Plug specifications to provide enhanced solutions such as the

PCI Hot Plug Push Button and the Extended SCSI PCI Bus Connector. The Compaq ProLiant

7000 now offers a new PCI Hot Plug Push Button for all 9 PCI Hot Plug slots. The button is

pressed to signal the software to initiate a power state change. This easy-to-use push button

provides slot power control directly at the server, independent of PCI Hot Plug software utilities

to simplify and speed maintenance and installation of PCI cards. The new button is more

convenient and simpler, allowing customers to remove the adapter without going through the user

The Benefits of PCI Hot Plug Technology 10

ECG093/0798

console. The ProLiant 7000 also offers PCI 32-bit and 64-bit PCI slots, and is Microsoft Server

98 compliant.

Compaq also has provided future generation solutions for PCI Hot Plug technology with the new

Extended SCSI PCI Bus Connector, a cableless design. SCSI channels are distributed through the

Extended SCSI PCI Bus Connector resulting in no SCSI cables attached to the array controller

adapter as shown in Figure 7.This design facilitates service and eliminates SCSI cabling, further

simplifying PCI Hot Plug operation.

Figure 7. PCI Extended SCSI Bus Connector routes SCSI buses through I/O adapter to drive cages.

PCI Bus

SCSI Channels

Conclusion

With the introduction of PCI Hot Plug technology, Compaq Computer Corporation once again

sets the standard in improved higher availability and fault-tolerant solutions for the distributed

enterprise. PCI Hot Plug offers unprecedented server availability by allowing users to replace,

upgrade, and add PCI adapters to the PCI local bus without powering down the server. In

addition, PCI Hot Plug is backward compatible with the vast majority of PCI adapters in

existence today. As a pioneer of this breakthrough technology, Compaq chose to deliver PCI Hot

Plug as an industry-standard specification. This decision provides several benefits to customers

and has been critical to the overwhelming support received from industry-leading partners.

Compaq is committed to providing customers with a comprehensive range of improved higher

availability and fault-tolerant solutions and will continue to take a leadership role in future

developments of the PCI Hot Plug standard and other emerging technologies.

For More Information

For further information on PCI Hot Plug technology, please visit Compaq’s website at

http://www.compaq.com. Papers include:

Andere Handbücher für ProLiant 1000

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