Control Data Corporation 3300 Bedienungsanleitung

COMPUTER

SYSTEMS

USASI

COBOL/

MASTER

REFERENCE

MANUAL

CONTROL

DATA

CORPORATION

60229400

REVISION

(2-6-69\

Original

printing.

Additional

copies

this

manual

may

obtained

from

the

nearest

Control

Data

Corporation

sales

office.

Pub.

No. 60229400

February

1969

:91969

Control

Data

Corporation

Printed

the

enited

States

America

RECORD

NOTES

Address

comments

concerning

this

manual

to:

Control

Data

Corporation

Software

Documentation

4201

North

Lexington

Avenue

St. Paul,

~,1innesota

55112

USE:'

Comment

Sheet

the

back

this

manual.

PREFACE

The

features

of USASI COBOL/MASTER

specified

ihis

manual

conform

the

United

States

America

Standards

Institute

(USASI)

COBOL

Standard.

The USASI

specifications

define a

Nucleus

for

internal

processing

and

eight

functional

processing

modules:

Table

Handling,

Sequential

Access,

Random

Access,

Random

Processing,

Sort,

Report

Writer,

Segmentation,

and

Library.

The

Nucleus

divided

into

two

levels,

low

and

high.

USASI

COBOL/MASTER

implemented

the

high

level

the

Nucleus.

the

modules,

only

Random

Processing

and

Segmentation

are

not

implemented.

All

other

modules

are

implemented

the

high

level.

The

Report

Writer

module

can

omitted

from

the

COBOL

library.

USASI

COBOL/MASTER

runs

under

control

the

:MASTER

operating

system.

Additional

features

of COBOL

are

implemented

USASI COBOL/MASTER

facilitate

operating

and

support

system

interfaces.

The

inclusion

of COBOL

features

over

and

above

the

USASI

standard

not

prohibited

the

standard;

however,

installation

option

available

diagnose

all

non-

USASI

features

errors

compile

time.

The

Business

Data

Processing

Unit (3312)

must

present

compile

and

execute

USASI

COBOL/

MASTER

programs

on a CONTROL DATA® 3300

computer.

The CONTROL

DATA®

3500

computer

comes

equipped

with

the

Business

Data

Processing

hardware.

This

manual

organized

the

traditional

manner

Identification,

Environment,

Data,

and

Pro-

cedure

Divisions

with

the

exception

the

Report

Writer

and

Library

modules

which

are

described

separate

chapters.

60229400

iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

COBOL

industry

language

and

not

the

property

any

company

group

companies,

any

organization

group

organizations.

warranty,

expressed

implied,

made

any

contributor

the

COBOL

Committee

the

accuracy

and

functioning

the

programming

system

and

language.

Moreover,

responsibility

assumed

any

contributor,

the

committee,

connection

therewith.

Procedures

have

been

established

for

the

maintenance

of COBOL.

Inquiries

concerning

the

procedures

for

proposing

changes

should

directed

the

Executive

Committee

the

Conference

Data

System

Languages.

The

authors

and

holders

the

copyrighted

material

used

herein:

FLOW-IV1ATIe

(Trademark

Sperry

Rand

Corporation),

Programming

for

the

Univac

(R)

and

II,

Data

Automation

Systems

copyrighted

1958, 1959,

Sperry

Rand

Corporation

IBM

Commercial

Translator

Form

No. F

28-8013,

copyrighted

1959

IBM

FACT,

DSI 27A5260-2760,

copyrighted

1960

Minneapolis-Honeywell

have

specifically

authorized

the

use

this

material

whole

part,

the

COBOL

specifications.

Such

authorization

extends

the

reproduction

and

use

of COBOL

specifications

programming

manuals

similar

publications.

60229400 v

INTRODUCTION

COBOL

COBOL (Common

Business

Oriented

Language)

programming

language

which

uses

English

terms

simplify

the

programming

business

data

processing

problems.

This

manual

presents

the

details

and

rules

for

writing

program

USASI

COBOL/MASTER

for

the

CONTROL DATA® 3300

and

3500

computers.

Familiarity

with

basic

COBOL

desirable,

but

not

essential.

This

introduction

con-

tains

brief

outline of

the

COBOL

language

elements,

program

structure

and

content.

Used

conjunction

with

the

rest

the

manual,

provides

the

new

user

with

introduction

the

funda-

mentals

COBOL

programming.

LANGUAGE ELEMENTS

The

COBOL

language

made

the

following

elements:

COBOL

reserved

words

User-defined

words

Literals

Level

numbers

Symbols

Pictures

The

user

composes

user-defined

words,

literals,

and

pictures

according

rules

that

govern

the

choice

and

arrangement

characters.

Within

the

limits

imposed

the

rules,

virtually

possible

compose

infinite

number

words,

literals,

and

pictures.

The

COBOL'

reserved

words,

symbols,

and

level

numbers

are

presented

fixed

sets

from

which

the

user

selects

what

needs.

cannot

invent

new

reserved

words,

symbols,

level

numbers

and

must

use

these

elements

according

the

rules

the

language.

The

sample

COBOL

source

program

entry

below

shows

all

six

elements:

level

number

,DATA-f

AME-l, PICTURE T

YjUE,

user-defined

picture

liter~Symbol

word

COBOL

reserved

words

60229400

vii

COBOL

Reserved

Words

Over

250

English

words

and

abbreviations

have

been

set

aside

COBOL

reserved

words.

(Appendix

contains

complete

list

these

reserved

words.)

Special

meanings

have

been

assigned

these

words;

the

user

•

Does

not

define

reserved

words

•

Cannot

change

the

meaning

of a

reserved

word

•

Cannot

add

words

the

reserved

word

list

•

Cannot

substitute

other

words

for

those

the

list

•

Must

not

alter

misspell

reserved

words

• May

use

reserved

words

only

for

specified

purposes

The

reserved

words

have

various

purposes

defined

the

reference

formats.

They

may

identify

program

units,such

SECTION,

PROCEDURE,

WORKING-STORAGE.

They

may

identify

parts

entries,

such

VALUE,

PICTURE,

USAGE.

They

may

specify

actions

WRITE,

PERFORM,

DIVIDE.

They

may

have

specific

functional

meanings

such

NEGATIVE, COMPUTATIONAL,

EQUAL.

figurative

constants,

they

can

represent

specific

data

values:

ZERO,

SPACES,

LOW-

ALUE.

complete

list

figurative

constants

given

appendix

B.)

User-Defined

Words

The

user

must

supply

words

that

name

data

items,

data

conditions,

and

procedures.

These

words

have

preassigned

meaning,

but

they

must

defined

within

the

program

which

they

are

used.

The

formation

these

words

governed

the

following

rules:

• A

word

may

characters

long.

•

may

contain

letters

through

Z),

digits

through

and

the

hyphen

(-).

•

Only

procedure

names

may

entirely

numeric;

all

other

words

must

contain

least

one

letter.

• A

word

may

neither

begin

nor

end

with

hyphen.

•

Spaces

(blanks)

must

not

appear

word.

•

must

not

spelled

exactly

reserved

word.

The

example

below

contains

user-defined

words

well

reserved

words

and

symbols.

ADD-DEDUCTIONS.

reserved

words

l\nD

'HOSP-INS~STATE-lNE~

TOT-DED

user-defined

words

viii

80229400

Appendix B

contains

detailed

description

the

formation

different

types

user-defined

words

such

data-names,

condition-names,

procedure-names,

and

forth.

Literals

are

special

case

user-defined

words.

They

are

actual

values

used

the

program

and

such

are

self-defining.

Literals

may

numeric

non-numeric.

numeric

literal

string

digits

that

may

include

plus

minus

sign,

and

decimal

point.

Its

value

the

quantity

represented

the

characters

the

literal.

Every

numeric

literal

classed

numeric

item.

non-numeric

literal

string

of one

120

characters

enclosed

quotation

marks

from

the

computer's

character

set

(appendix B).

may

contain

reserved

words

and

spaces

but

not

the

quotation

mark.

The

value

of a

non-numeric

literal

the

string

characters

excluding

the

quota-

tion

marks.

Non-numeric

literals

are

classed

alphanumeric

items.

Rules

governing

the

formation

literals

are

given

appendix

The

following

examples

show

the

use

literals

entry:

DIVIDE

~TO

CONVERTED-TEMPl

GIVING

TEMP-2.

numeric

literal

HEADING-A

PICTURE

X(lO)

VALUE

:'COBOL

Level

Numbers

non-numeric

literal

Level

numbers

(01

through

49,

66,

77,

and

88)

are

used

entries

that

assign

names

data

items

and

data

values.

They

deSignate

the

level

the

entries

relative

each

other.

Numbers

through

designate

the

hierarchy

data

entries

within

records.

always

assigned

the

record

itself;

through

are

assigned

items

within

the

record.

Level

numbers

need

not

consecutive

but

must

ordered

that

the

higher

the

number,

the

lower

the

entry

the

hierarchy.

Level

number

deSignates

entry

that

renames

previously

defined

entry.

always

used

with

the

reserved

word

RENAMES.

Level

number

deSignates

independent

data

item,

one

that

not

part

of a

record.

Level

number

used

with

entries

that

assign

condition

names

specific

values

data

item

may

assume.

60229400

Whenever

level

number

used,

the

first

element

the

entry.

The

entries

below

show how

level

numbers

are

used:

ITEM-A

PICTURE:XX VALUE

Ol.

UPDATE-RECORD.

RECORD-ID.

p4.

CODE-NUMBER PICTURE X.

level>

_&.§ NEW-CODE VALUE

"A".

numbers

,88.

OLD-CODE VALUE

"B".

ACCOUNT-NUMBER PICTURE 999.

CUSTOMER-IDENTIFICATION.

RETAIL-ID

RENAMES CUSTOMER-IDENTIFICATION.

Symbols

are

special

characters

which

have

specific

meanings

for

the

compiler.

Symbols

are

used

punctuation,

operators

arithmetic

expressions,

relational

operators

conditions,

and

editing

symbols

pictures.

The

COBOL

Character

Set

appendix B

lists

all

the

symbols

available

the

COBOL

programmer.

Punctuation

rules

are

given

appendix

the

rules

for

arithmetic

and

conditional

operators

chapter

and

picture

symbols

chapter

Pictures

describe

such

characteristics

data

items

as:

• Size of

item

•

Class

item:

numeric,

alphabetic,

alphanumeric

•

Whether

the

item

signed

•

Position

assumed

decimal

point

•

Editing

(deletion,

insertion,

replacement

characters)

performed

the

item

Each

picture

string

from

characters.

Pictures

are

composed

the

characters

listed

under

PICTURE

chapter

general,

the

number

characters

defines

the

size

the

item

and

the

character

itself

defines

the

class:

X=alphanumeric,

9=numeric,

A=alphabetic.

picture

may

abbreviated

enclosing

integer

parentheses

show

the

size

immediately

after

the

character

defining

the

class.

For

instance,

X(20)

means

the

same

X's

row;

both

mean

that

the

item

consists

alphanumeric

characters.

x 60229400

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