Dell PowerEdge T710 Kurzanleitung

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DeployingUEFI

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AwareOperating

SystemsonDell™PowerEdge™

Servers

ByAnandJoshi,BillMunger,MarkShutt,

ThomasCantwell,andJohnSieber

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THISWHITEPAPERISFORINFORMATIONALPURPOSESONLY,ANDMAYCONTAINTYPOGRAPHICALERRORSAND

TECHNICALINACCURACIES.THECONTENTISPROVIDEDASIS,WITHOUTEXPRESSORIMPLIEDWARRANTIESOF

ANYKIND.

©2009DellInc.Allrightsreserved.Reproductionofthismaterialinanymannerwhatsoeverwithouttheexpress

writtenpermissionofDellInc.isstrictlyforbidden.Formoreinformation,contactDell.

Dell,theDELLlogo,andtheDELLbadge,andPowerEdgearetrademarksofDellInc.Microsoft,Windows,Windows

Server,andActiveDirectoryareeithertrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofMicrosoftCorporationintheUnited

Statesand/orothercountries.;SUSEisaregisteredtrademarkofNovell,Inc.,intheUnitedStatesandother

countries.

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Table of Contents

History...................................................................................................................................................................2

WhatisUEFI?.........................................................................................................................................................2

WhatUEFIhastoOffer..........................................................................................................................................3

HowisDell’sUEFIimplemented?..........................................................................................................................3

DifferencesbetweenBIOSandUEFIBootModes...........................................................................................4

UEFIBootOptions...........................................................................................................................................4

AutomaticandManualBootOptions....................................................................................................................4

BootingtoaRemovableMediaDevice..................................................................................................................5

UEFIBootManager.........................................................................................................................................5

BootOptions..........................................................................................................................................................5

UEFIBootSettings.................................................................................................................................................5

SystemUtilities......................................................................................................................................................6

DeployingaUEFI‐AwareOperatingSystem....................................................................................................7

DeployingaUEFIOperatingSystem......................................................................................................................7

Limitations.......................................................................................................................................................8

LargeOperatingSystemPartitions........................................................................................................................8

ThirdPartyImagingUtilities..................................................................................................................................8

TransferringHardDisks.........................................................................................................................................8

UEFILegacyBootControllers.................................................................................................................................8

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History

Inthemid‐1990sduringthedevelopmentofIntel’sItanium‐basedsystem,PCBIOSlimitations(forexample,16‐bit

processormode,1MBaddressablespace,PCAThardwaredependencies,etc.)hinderedplatformdevelopmentfor

Itanium.WhiletheItaniumchipwasnotwellreceived,thedevelopmentexposedsignificantlimitationstothe

originalPCfirmwarearchitecturethatledtothedevelopmentofanewframework,calledExtensibleFirmware

Interface(EFI).

In2005,severalleadingtechcompaniescametogethertocreatetheEFIForum.BasedonEFIarchitecture,the

UEFIForum’smissionwastocreatethefirsteverindustrystandardfirmwareinterfacespecification–Unified

ExtensibleFirmwareInterface(UEFI).DellisrepresentedontheboardofdirectorsoftheUEFIForum.

WhatisUEFI?

TheUEFIspecificationdefinesaninterfacebetweenoperatingsystemsandplatformfirmware.Theinterface

consistsofdatatablesthatcontainplatform‐relatedinformation,plusbootandruntimeservicecallsthatare

availabletotheoperatingsystemanditsloader.

Together,theseprovideastandard,modern

environmentforbootinganoperatingsystemand

runningpre‐bootapplications.

Inadditiontotheservices,UEFIdefinesvarious

protocols/APIstoaccessvarioushardwareandthe

bootdevicesinthesystem.TheUEFIspecificationalso

definesadrivermodelthatisgenericandcanbe

adaptedtoanytypeofbusordevice.TheUEFIDriver

Modelisdesignedtosupporttheexecutionof

modularpiecesofcode,knownasdrivers,thatrunin

theprebootenvironment.Thesedriversmaymanage

orcontrolhardwarebusesanddevicesonthe

platform,ortheymayprovidesomesoftware‐derived,

platform‐specificservice.

Thereare3typesofentitiesthatcanexecuteunderUEFIenvironment:

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Applications:SomeexamplesofcommonEFIapplicationsincludetheEFIshell,EFIshell

commands,flashutilities,anddiagnosticutilities.ItisperfectlyacceptabletoinvokeEFI

applicationsfrominsideotherEFIapplications.

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OperatingSystemLoader:AspecialtypeofEFIapplication,calledanoperatingsystemboot

loader,providesthenecessaryinitializationroutinesuntiltheloaderhassetupenoughofthe

operatingsysteminfrastructuretobereadytoassumeownershipofthesystemresources.Once

theoperatingsystemassumescontrol,theEFIcorefreesallofitsboottimeservicesanddrivers,

leavingonlytherun‐timeservicesanddrivers.

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Drivers:EFIdriversdifferfromEFIapplicationsinthatthedriverstaysresidentinmemoryunless

anerrorisreturnedfromthedriver'sentrypoint.TheEFIcorefirmware,thebootmanager,or

otherEFIapplicationsmayloaddrivers.

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WhatUEFIhastoOffer

TheprimarygoalofUEFIistodefineanarchitecturethatcanscalewithtimeandtoofferstructuredcoding

environmentallowingeasyenablementofnewtechnology.ThemaincharacteristicsofUEFIare:

AbstractionfortheOperationSystem.TheUEFIspecificationprovidesaninterfacebetweentheplatform

firmwareandtheoperatingsystem.Theinterfaces/API/protocolsmarkaclearboundarybetweenthe

firmwareandtheoperatingsystemandtheoperatingsystemloader.

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Abstractionfordevicesandrelatedcode.UEFIabstractsinterfacesthatmakeitpossibletobuildcode

whichworksonarangeofunderlyinghardwaredeviceswithouthavingexplicitknowledgeofthespecifics

foreachdevice.Thespecificationdefinesinterfacestoplatformcapabilitiessuchasstandardbustypes

(PCI,USB,andSCSI).Thelistofsupportedbustypesmaygrowovertime.Thesedefinedinterfacesandthe

abilitytoextendtofuturebustypesarecomponentsoftheUEFIDriverModel.

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Scalableplatformenvironment.Thespecificationdefinesacompletesolutionforthefirmwareto

describeallplatformfeaturesandcapabilitiestotheoperatingsystemduringthebootprocess.These

definitionscoverarangeofthecontemporaryplatformdesignsbutaresimpleenoughtobeableto

extendinthefuture.

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OperatingSystemAgnosticRichPre‐Bootenvironment.TheUEFIspecificationdefinesextensible

interfacesthatenablecreationofplatformdrivers.Thedrivers,analogoustooperatingsystemdrivers,

providesupportfornewdevicesandmayprovideenhancedplatformcapabilities,suchasfirmware

update,platformconfiguration,diagnosticsanddeploymentservices.Theexistenceofnetworking,USB,

andfilesystemcapabilitiesaddstotherichnessofthepre‐bootenvironment.

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GUIDPartitionTable.TheUEFIdefinesanewstandardlayoutforthepartitiontable,knownasGUID

PartitionTable(GPT).GPTprovidesamoreflexiblemechanismforpartitioningdisksthantheMaster

BootRecord(MBR)partitioningschemethathasbeencommontocomputers.MBRdiskssupportonly

fourpartitiontableentriesandthepartitionsizeislimitedto2TB.GPTschemeallowsupto128primary

partitionsandcansupportlargerthan2‐terabytepartitions.Somenear‐termlimitationsto2terabyte

supportexistduetodevicesupport,butoncedevicesfullysupportGPT/UEFI,thiswillnolongerbean

issue.Seethe“Limitations”section.

HowisDell’sUEFIimplemented?

TosupportbootingtobothUEFIandnon‐UEFIawareoperatingsystems,theDellBIOSsupportsaBootMode

optionintheBIOSSetupUtility.TheBootModecanbesettoBIOSorUEFI.

SettingtheBootModetoUEFIallowsbootingtoaUEFI‐awareoperatingsystemandprovidestheUEFIBoot

Manager.ThisistheonlychangerequiredtoenableUEFIonthesystem.SettingtheBootModetoBIOSprovides

supportforallcurrentandlegacyoperationsystems.

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DifferencesbetweenBIOSandUEFIBootModes

Thefollowingtablehighlightsthedifferencesbetweenthebootmodes.

Feature

BootMode

BIOSUEFI

OperatingSystemSupportCompatiblewithoperatingsystems

thatdonotsupportUEFI.Allthe

currentandlegacyoperation

systemscanbeinstalledinthis

bootmode.

MustsupportUEFI

BIOSPOST<F11>Boot

ManagerHotKey

EntersBIOSBootManagerEntersUEFIBootManager

BootOrderControlViaBIOSSetupUtilityViaUEFIBootManager

USBEmulationSupportedviaBIOSSetupUtilityNotneeded

DefaultBootOrderTraditionalDellBIOSdefaultboot

order

None

BootOptionsLegacyBIOSbootstoadrive.

Supportformulti‐bootdrive

requiresabootloader.

InUEFImode,thereisaconceptofa

bootfile.Thisallowsmultiplefiles

tobeaddedasabootoptionona

singledrive.

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UEFIBootOptions

ThewaybootoptionsworkinUEFImodediffersfromthatofthelegacyBIOS.TheUEFIbootoption:

Specifiesafileonadriveasaboottarget(vs.adriveasinlegacyBIOS).

Isautomaticallycreatedbytheoperatingsystemduringinstallationandpointstoitsbootfile.

Providesapredeterminedbootpathforremovablemedia.

CanbemanuallyaddedbytheuserviatheUEFIBootManager.

Pointstoaspecificbootfile;henceasystemformatisnotnecessarytomakeadevicebootable.

AutomaticandManualBootOptions

InUEFImode,bootoptionsareautomaticallyaddedforremovabledevices.Theseautomaticallyaddedboot

optionscannotbedeleted.OperatingSysteminstallationautomaticallyaddsabootoptionthatpointstothe

OperatingSystemBootloader.BootoptionscanalsobeaddedmanuallybyusingtheUEFIBootManager.Whether

optionsareaddedmanuallyorbytheoperatingsystem,theycanbedeletedusingUEFIBootManager.

Multiplebootoptionsperdevice,orperfile,areallowed.Youmaywanttohavetwobootoptionsforthesame

filewithdifferentinputparameters,suchasadebugparameter.WheninstallingaUEFI‐awareoperatingsystem,

theinstallationprocesswilladdacorrespondingbootoption.

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BootingtoaRemovableMediaDevice

Tomakearemovabledevicebootable,theUEFIapplicationsimplyneedstoberenamedtoBOOTx64.EFI(case

insensitive)andplacedinthe\EFI\BOOTdirectory.

Whenaremovabledevice,suchasaUSBkey,isdetectedinUEFIBootMode,abootoptionisautomaticallyadded

topointtothefollowinglocation:

\EFI\BOOT\BOOTx64.EFI

UEFIBootManager

TheUEFIBootManagerisenteredbypressing<F11>duringthepre‐bootphaseofsystemstartup.InUEFIboot

mode,itreplacesboththeBIOSBootManagerandthebootconfigurationoptionsintheBIOSSetupUtility<F2>.

WhentheBootModeissettoUEFItheBIOSSetupUtilityfields,BootSequenceandUSBFlashDriveEmulation

Typearegrayedout,replacedbyenhancedoptionsintheUEFIBootManager.

BootOptions

ThefrontpageoftheUEFIBootManagerlistsbootoptionsinorderofbootpriority.Selectionofanyofthese

optionsresultsinanattempttoboot.Iftheoptionisnotbootable(forexample,nomediainanopticaldrive),an

errormessagedisplaysalongwithaprompttoentertheUEFIBootManagerortheBIOSSetupUtility.

Incaseswhereabootoptionhasbeenaddedmanuallyorbyanoperatingsysteminstallationandthatoptionisno

longervalid(forexample,ahard‐diskdrivehasbeenremoved),theoptionwillcontinuetobelisted,butwillbe

grayedoutanddisplay“Unavailable.”BootOptionentriesforremovabledevicesareautomaticallyaddedand

removedbasedininsertionandremovalofthedevice.

UEFIBootSettings

TheUEFIBootSettingsmenucanbeenteredfromthefrontpage.Thefollowingoptionsareavailablefromthis

menu:

OptionDescription

AddBootOptionProvidesamenufromwhichtoselectabootoption.

FormassstoragedeviceswithaFAT32filesystem,amenu

displaystonavigatetoafiletoselectasthebootoption.

ForPXE‐capabledevices,thedeviceitselfcanbeselected.



Whenaddinganewbootoption,theDescriptionandOptionalDatacan

beentered.TheDescriptionidentifiesthedeviceintheUEFIBoot

Manager;theOptionalDataispassedtothebootimage,pertheUEFI

specification.

DeleteBootOptionProvidesamenuofbootoptionsthatweremanuallyandoperating

systeminstalledandcanbedeleted.Bootoptionsthatwere

automaticallyaddedarenotlisted.

Enable/DisableBootProvidesamenuofbootoptionsthatcanbedisabledwhichremoves

themfromthebootoptionlist.Disableddevicescanbere‐enabledfrom

Page6



Optionthismenu.

ChangeBootOrderAllowsthebootpriorityofthebootoptionstobemodified.

One‐TimeBootFromFileProvidesamenusimilartothatofAddBootOption,butdoesnotaddthe

bootoption.Instead,itattemptstoboottotheselectedfileordevice.

SystemUtilities

TheSystemUtilitiesmenucanbeenteredfromthefrontpage.Thefollowingoptionsareavailablefromthis

menu:

OptionDescription

SystemSetupEnterstheSystemSetupUtility.Thiscanalsobeenteredbypressing<F2>

duringthepre‐bootphaseofsystemstartup.

SystemServicesEntersSystemServices.Thiscanalsobeenteredbypressing<F10>

duringthepre‐bootphaseofsystemstartup.

BIOSBootManagerEnterstheBIOSBootManagertoprovidetheabilitytoboottoanon‐UEFI

awareoperatingsystemwhiletheBootModeissettoUEFI.Thisisthe

sameBootManagerthatwouldbeenteredbypressing<F11>duringthe

pre‐bootphaseofsystemstartupiftheBootModeissettoBIOS.

RebootSystemRebootssystem.

Page7



DeployingaUEFI‐AwareOperatingSystem

OncethehardwareandfirmwaresupportUEFI,theoperatingsystemneedstoberedesignedtosupportUEFI.

UEFIisstillanemergingtechnologyandstandard,sothereareonlyafewoperatingsystemsthathavefullsupport.

DelloffersbothlegacyBIOS‐modeandUEFI‐mode.

OperatingSystemsthatsupportUEFI‐

1) Microsoft®Windows®Vista,SP1andWindowsServer®2008–X64versionsonly.

2) SUSE®LinuxEnterpriseServer,release11,willcontainsupport

3) GeneralLinuxsupportisavailable,butaskyouroperatingsystemvendoriftheyfullysupportUEFIorwhat

theirplansare.

DeployingaUEFIOperatingSystem

ForMicrosoftoperatingsystems,press<F11>andchangetheBootManagertoUEFI.Oncethisisdone,simply

bootfromtheWindowsServer2008orVistaDVDandfollowthenormalinstallationsteps.Fromthisperspective,

everythingwillbethesameasBIOS‐modeinstallation.

WhatHASchanged?–

Theprimaryvisiblechangesaretotheharddrivesetupalthoughthisisnotvisibletothecustomerduring

installation.BIOS‐modesetupinstallsMBRandhasasinglebootpartition.UEFIusesGPT.ForaMicrosoft

Windowsinstallation,threepartitionsarecreated:

Partition Type Format

EFISystemPartition(ESP)EFI(hidden) FAT32

MicrosoftReservedPartition(MSR)MSR

WindowsoperatingsystempartitionPrimary NTFS



TheESPcontainstheEFI‐capableWindowsBootManager,bootconfigurationdata(BCD),andrelatedfontfiles

TheMSRisusedtostoremetadataoutsideoftheWindowsvolume.TheMSRpartitionmustexistbetweenthe

ESPandtheWindowsoperatingsystempartitions.

ThesepartitionsarevisiblewiththeDiskpartutility–DONOTchangeorremovethesepartitions.



IMPORTANT:YoucannotswitchbetweenBIOS‐modeandUEFI‐modewithoutfullywipingthedrive,eitherby

usingtheDiskpartCleancommandorthroughtheharddiskcontrollerandreinitializingtheharddrive.Onceyou

transitiontoUEFI,DellrecommendsthatyouleavethesysteminUEFI‐mode.

Oncetheoperatingsystemisinstalled,youcaninstallapplicationsandusethesystemnormallywithafewcaveats.

Thereareapplicationsthatmaytrytointeractwiththeharddrivedirectly(imagingtools)–thesemaynotworkas

Page8



expected.Dellrecommendsthatyoucontactyourapplicationvendorsforallmission‐criticalapplicationsto

ensuretheyworkintheUEFIenvironment.

Limitations

ThissectionexplainspotentialproblemswhichmayoccurwhileinstallingaUEFI‐awareoperatingsystemandhow

toavoidthem.

LargeOperatingSystemPartitions

Anoperatingsysteminstallerreliesondiskcontrollerfirmwaretoperformdiskread/writefunctionspriortothe

diskdriverisavailable.Certainlegacydiskcontrollersuseolderfirmware(suchasInterrupt0x13handlers)to

executeread/writefunctionsinUEFImodeanddonotprovidenativeaccessdisksinUEFImode.TheUEFIlayer

providestheabstractiondrivertoaccessthedisksusingtheoldfirmware.Themostnotablerestrictionisthatthe

legacyinterrupt0x13functionsareunabletoaccesslogicalblockaddresseshigherthan2terabytes(TB).Forthis

reason,Dellstronglyrecommendsusingapartitionorvirtualdisksmallerthan2TBforthepartitionwherethe

operatingsystemresides.Failuretouseapartitionsizeoflessthan2TBfortheoperatingsystemvirtualdiskmay

causeundesiredbehaviorandwilleliminatetheinherentGPTpartitionredundancy.Datapartitions(non‐system

partitions)canbelargerthan2TBsincethediskdriverisavailablewhentheoperatingsystemaccessesthese

partitions.

ThirdPartyImagingUtilities

UEFIusesapartitioningschemeknownasaGPT.ThisschemeassignsaGloballyUniqueIdentifier(GUID)toeach

partitioninadisk.Beawarethatimagingutilities(suchasNortonGhost)needtore‐createtheGPTinorderto

haveuniqueGUIDsforpartitionswhicharecopiedfromonedisktoanother.Otherwisedifferentdiskswillusethe

sameGUIDformultiplepartitions,whichmaycauseconflictsforsoftwarewhichusestheGUIDstodistinguisheach

partition.

TransferringHardDisks

UEFIBootOptionsarestoredinnon‐volatilememoryonasystem.Whenanoperatingsysteminstallerexecutes,it

createsabootoptionfortheoperatingsysteminthesystem’snon‐volatilememory.Iftheharddiskwhich

containstheoperatingsystemisremovedandtransferredtoanothersystem,thisnewsystemwillnothavethe

bootoptioninitsnon‐volatilememory,andauserwillnotbeabletoboottotheoperatingsystem.

Dellhasaddressedthisproblembykeepingacopyoftheoperatingsystembootoptionontheharddiskwiththe

operatingsystem.WhentheharddiskistransferredtoanotherDellsystem,thesystemusesthecopyofthe

operatingsystembootoptiontocreateabootoptioninitsnon‐volatilememory.Thisallowsausertoboottothe

operatingsystem.Theprocessisautomatic;nouserinteractionisnecessarytocreatethebootoptiononthe

secondsystem.

UEFILegacyBootControllers

TheUEFIlayerprovidestheabstractiondrivertoaccessthedisksusingtheinterrupt0x13functions.Thefollowing

DellUEFILegacybootcontrollersoperateusinglegacyabstractionsupportedinUEFImode:

DellPERC6/i

DellSAS6/iR

FuturecontrollerswillprovidenativeUEFIdrivers.



Andere Handbücher für PowerEdge T710

Dieses Handbuch passt für folgende Modelle

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Andere Dell Server Handbücher

Dell

Dell DX6000G Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell PowerEdge 6600 Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell PowerEdge M830 Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell OptiPlex FX130 Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell PowerEdge M820 Systems Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell PowerEdge 6850 Technisches Handbuch

Dell

Dell PowerVault NX3100 Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell DSS 1500 Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell PowerEdge T310 Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell PowerEdge C8000 Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell EMC PowerEdge R450 Xeon 4309Y Handbuch

Dell

Dell PowerEdge XR4510c Handbuch

Dell

Dell PowerEdge R530 Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell PowerEdge 350 Handbuch

Dell

Dell poweredge VRTX Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell Wyse 5070 Extended Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell PowerEdge E07S Series Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell PowerEdge 6350 Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell Wyse 5060 Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell PowerEdge M620 Kurzanleitung

Dell

Dell POWEREDGE R515 Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell Wyse 3030 LT Bedienungsanleitung

Dell

Dell PowerEdge R905 Technisches Handbuch

Dell

Dell Wyse ThinOS T10 Bedienungsanleitung

Beliebte Server Handbücher anderer Marken

HP AlphaServer ES47 Bedienungsanleitung

PowerNAS

PowerNAS CMA Bedienungsanleitung

Supero

Supero FatTwin F617R3-FT Bedienungsanleitung

EtroVISION

EtroVISION EV3151 Bedienungsanleitung

HP ProLiant Gen9 Bedienungsanleitung

Compaq

Compaq ProLiant 3000 Handbuch

iRobo

iRobo IPC2U Bedienungsanleitung

Nortel

Nortel 1000 Con?guration guide Bedienungsanleitung

Asus

Asus AP7500 Bedienungs- und Wartungshandbuch

Avid Technology

Avid Technology AirSpeed 5000 Bedienungsanleitung

HP Integrity rx2600 Installationsanleitung

Milestone

Milestone Husky IVO 350T Bedienungsanleitung

Planet

Planet NAS-7410 Bedienungsanleitung

Lenovo

Lenovo ThinkSystem SR635 V3 Bedienungsanleitung

Fujitsu

Fujitsu PRIMERGY BX900 Bedienungsanleitung

Asus

Asus RS700DA-E6 PS4 Bedienungsanleitung

Vertiv

Vertiv Avocent ACS6000 Montage- und Wartungsanleitung

A & T Internationale

A & T Internationale Xserve Service-Handbuch