Emerson Fisher POSI-SEAL A31A Bedienungsanleitung

www.Fisher.com

Fisher™POSI-SEAL™A31A High Performance

Butterfly Valve NPS 3 through 12

Contents

Introduction 1.................................

Scope of Manual 1.............................

Specifications 2...............................

Description 2.................................

Educational Services 3.........................

Installation 3..................................

Adjusting the Actuator Travel Stops or Travel 3.....

Valve Orientation 5............................

Preparing for Installation 6......................

Installing Wafer‐Style Valves 9...................

Installing Single‐Flange Valves 11................

Maintenance 11................................

Replacing Packing 12..........................

Removing the Valve from the Pipeline 13..........

Removing/Installing the Seal Ring 14.............

PTFE Seal Installation 14....................

NOVEX Seal and Phoenix III Fire‐Tested

Seal Installation 15......................

Cryogenic Seal Installation 16................

Anti‐Blowout Protection, Packing, Valve Shaft(s),

Disk, and Bearing Maintenance 18.............

Removal 18...............................

Installing a One‐Piece Shaft 20...............

Installing a Two‐Piece Shaft 21...............

Installing the Gasket Retainer 23.............

Figure 1. Typical Fisher A31A Valve

W5812‐1

W5811‐1

Parts Ordering 23...............................

Parts List 23..................................

Introduction

Scope of Manual

This instruction manual provides installation, maintenance, and parts ordering information for the Fisher POSI‐SEAL

A31A high‐performance butterfly valves. Figure 1 shows typical A31A valves. For information regarding actuators and

accessories, refer to separate instruction manuals.

Do not install, operate, or maintain A31A valves without being fully trained and qualified in valve, actuator, and

accessory installation, operation, and maintenance. To avoid personal injury or property damage, it is important to

carefully read, understand, and follow all the contents of this manual, including all safety cautions and warnings. If you

have any questions about these instructions, contact your Emerson sales office before proceeding.

Instruction Manual

D500240X012

A31A Valve

February 2019

Instruction Manual

D500240X012

A31A Valve

February 2019

Table 1. Specifications

Available Valve Configurations

JFlangeless, wafer‐style or Jsingle‐flange (lugged)

control valve with a one‐piece valve body and a

two‐component seal/backup O‐ring, and a keyed

drive shaft

Valve Sizes

NPS J3, J4, J6, J8, J10, J12

End Connection Style

JFlangeless, wafer‐style or Jsingle flange valve

body designed to fit between raised‐face mating

flanges per ASME B16.5 CL150 or CL300

Maximum Inlet Pressure/Temperature(4)

Consistent with ASME JCL150 and JCL300

pressure/temperature ratings per ASME B16.34. Also,

see figure 2 for additional information.

Available Seal Configurations

JStandard soft seal ring (PTFE) with fluorocarbon or

EPR backup ring, JNOVEX seal ring, CL150,

(S31600, 316 SST)(1) JNOVEX seal ring, CL300,

standard pressure rating (S31600, 316 SST)(1)

JNOVEX seal ring, CL300, high pressure rating

(S21800), JPhoenix III fire‐tested seal ring (S31600,

316 SST) with resilient insert (PTFE) and backup ring

(fluorocarbon), or Jcryogenic seal ring (CTFE) with

optional backup ring (aluminum)

Valve Classification

Face‐to‐face dimensions are in compliance with MSS

SP68 and API 609 standards; valve bodies are

designed for installation between ASME B16.5 CL150

or 300 raised‐face flanges

Shutoff Classification. Per ANSI/FCI 70‐2

Standard Soft Seal: Bidirectional bubble‐tight shutoff

NOVEX Seal: Unidirectional shutoff Class V (reverse

flow direction only)

Phoenix III Seal: Bidirectional bubble‐tight shutoff

Phoenix III Seal for Fire‐Tested Applications: Consult

your Emerson sales office for fire tested performance

Cryogenic seal applications: Consult your Emerson

sales office

Installed Valve Orientation

See figure 3 for orientation guidelines for optimum

seal performance

Valve In‐Line Position

Shaft horizontal. See figure 5

Available Actuators

JHandlever, Jhandwheel,

Jspring‐and‐diaphragm, or Jpneumatic piston

Disk Rotation

Clockwise to close

1. For specific information about materials of construction, contact your nearest Emerson sales office.

2. The pressure/temperature limits in this manual, and any applicable code or standard limitation, should not be exceeded.

Description

The A31A high‐performance butterfly valve features a keyed drive shaft. The keyed shaft combines with a variety of

handlevers, handwheels, pneumatic piston or spring‐and‐diaphragm actuators to make the A31A a reliable,

high‐performance, butterfly valve for a variety of applications in the various process industries.

The A31A is available in either a flangeless (wafer) or a single‐flange (lugged) valve design, with a variety of seal, valve

body, and internal components. The A31A valve features a dynamic sealing design that is used in a variety of

demanding applications. With the appropriate seal configuration and materials of construction, the pressure‐assisted

seal provides shutoff against the full ASME class pressure range for the specific valve type.

Instruction Manual

D500240X012

A31A Valve

February 2019

Educational Services

For information on available courses for the Fisher POSI-SEAL A31 NPS 3 through 12 butterfly valve, as well as a variety

of other products, contact:

Emerson Automation Solutions

Educational Services - Registration

Phone: 1-641-754-3771 or 1-800-338-8158

E-mail: [email protected]

emerson.com/fishervalvetraining

Installation

WARNING

Always wear protective gloves, clothing, and eyewear when performing any installation operations to avoid personal

injury.

To avoid personal injury or property damage resulting from the sudden release of pressure, do not install the valve

assembly where service conditions could exceed the limits given in this manual or on appropriate nameplates. Use

pressure‐relieving devices as required by government or accepted industry codes and good engineering practices.

Check with your process or safety engineer for any additional measures that must be taken to protect against process

media.

If installing into an existing application, also refer to the WARNING at the beginning of the Maintenance section in this

instruction manual.

CAUTION

The valve configuration and construction materials are selected to meet particular pressure, temperature, pressure drop,

and controlled fluid conditions. Because pressure drop and temperature range capabilities limit some combinations of

materials, do not apply any other conditions to the valve without first contacting your Emerson sales office.

The maximum allowable inlet pressures for A31A valves are consistent with the applicable pressure/ temperature

ratings except where limited by material capabilities shown in figure 2 and table 2.

Adjusting the Actuator Travel Stops

WARNING

The edges of a rotating valve disk have a shearing effect that may result in personal injury. To avoid personal injury, keep

clear of the disk edges when rotating the disk.

Instruction Manual

D500240X012

A31A Valve

February 2019

CAUTION

When using an actuator, the actuator travel stops or the actuator travel (for actuators without adjustable stops) must be

adjusted so that the disk stop in the valve body does not absorb the output of the actuator. Failure to limit actuator travel

as described in the next step can result in damage to the valve shafts or other valve parts.

1. Locate the actuator travel stop that establishes the closed position of the valve disk. When adjusting the travel stop

or travel, make sure that the disk is from 0.001 to 0.030 inch (0.03 to 0.76 mm) away from the internal stop in the

valve body. This adjustment is necessary to be certain that the actuator output torque is fully absorbed by the

actuator travel stop or by the actuator. The internal travel stop in the valve body should not absorb any of the

actuator torque.

2. Before installing the valve/actuator assembly in the process line, cycle the valve several times to be sure the valve

disk returns to the proper position.

Table 2. Material Temperature Ratings

COMPONENT, ASME CLASS, MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION TEMPERATURE RANGE

_F_C

Seal Ring See Figure 2

Backup Ring

Soft Seal Fluorocarbon

EPR

Nitrile

PTFE

Chloroprene

Phoenix III Seal Fluorocarbon

EPR

Nitrile

Chloroprene

Cryogenic Seal Aluminum (Optional)

‐20 to 400

‐65 to 360

‐20 to 200

‐100 to 400

‐45 to 300

‐40 to 500

‐80 to 400

‐40 to 300

‐65 to 300

‐425 to 400

‐29 to 204

‐54 to 182

‐29 to 93

‐73 to 204

‐43 to 149

‐40 to 260

‐62 to 204

‐40 to 149

‐59 to 149

‐254 to 204

Shaft Packing(1)

PTFE

Graphite In Oxidizing Media

In Inert or Reducing Media

‐425 to 450

‐425 to 1000

‐425 to 1500

‐254 to 232

‐254 to 538

‐254 to 816

Shaft(2)

17‐4PH H1025

17‐4PH H1150M

N05500

N07718

S20910

‐100 to 800

‐320 to 800

‐425 to 900

‐425 to 1300

‐320 to 1100

‐73 to 427

‐195 to 427

‐254 to 482

‐254 to 704

‐196 to 593

Bearings

PEEK(3) (standard)

316 SST

PTFE Composition

Bronze

‐100 to 500

‐425 to 1500

‐425 to 325

‐425 to 500

‐73 to 260

‐254 to 816

‐254 to 163

‐196 to 260

Disk Hardfacing

Electroless Nickel Plating or hard chrome coating

CoCr‐A(4) (Alloy 6)

‐425 to 1000

‐325 to 1500

‐254 to 538

‐198 to 816

1. These low temperature limits apply to the flowing media. Valve extensions provided for cryogenic service maintain higher temperatures at the packing box.

2. Shaft material may affect the valve pressure rating. Consult your Emerson sales office.

3. PEEK stands for PolyEtherEtherKetone

4. CoCr‐A hardfacing degrades shutoff performance of the seal. Consult your Emerson sales office.

Instruction Manual

D500240X012

A31A Valve

February 2019

Valve Orientation

Note

The NPS 10 through 12 CL150 valves and NPS 8 through 12 CL300 valves have a two‐piece shaft. The shaft with the keyed end is

called the drive shaft. The shaft opposite the drive shaft is called the follower shaft.

The NPS 3 through 8 CL150 valves and NPS 3 through 6 CL300 valves have a one‐piece shaft. This one‐piece shaft is keyed and is

called the drive shaft.

Whenever possible, install the valve with the shaft in the horizontal position as shown in figure 5.

Horizontal installation can enhance valve performance because process fluid flow will sweep entrained solids from valve surfaces,

preventing particle buildup on the seal. Also, installation of the valve with the shaft horizontal will extend bearing life because

entrained solids will be less likely to penetrate the bearings.

Table 3. Valve Body Data, CL150

VALVE SIZE,

NPS

SHAFT DIAMETER

AT YOKE BEARING

FACE‐TO‐FACE

DIMENSION(1)

MINIMUM

I.D.(2)

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT,

KILOGRAMS

mm Wafer Single Flange

3 14.3 47.6 71.6 8.6 9.5

4 17.5 54.0 93.7 13 15

6 23.8 57.2 147.3 20 22

8 23.8 63.5 195.6 28 30

10 28.5 71.4 254.0 33 43

12 31.8 81.0 298.7 48 64

VALVE SIZE,

NPS

SHAFT DIAMETER

AT YOKE BEARING

FACE‐TO‐FACE

DIMENSION(1)

MINIMUM

I.D.(2)

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT,

POUNDS

Inches Wafer Single Flange

3 9/16 1‐7/8 2.82 19 21

4 11/16 2‐1/8 3.69 28 32

6 15/16 2‐1/4 5.80 45 49

8 15/16 2‐1/2 7.70 61 67

10 1‐1/8 2‐13/16 10.00 73 95

12 1‐1/4 3‐3/16 11.76 105 141

1. Face‐to‐face dimensions are in compliance with MSS SP68 and API 609 specifications.

2. Minimum I.D. is the minimum pipe or flange I.D. required for disk swing clearance.

The A31A valve is designed for installation with the shaft(s) in any orientation around the pipeline: horizontal, vertical,

or at an intermediate angle. However, when installing the valve in certain services, follow the recommendations

below, which are based on application experience:

D In certain services (process fluids with high concentrations of entrained solids, abrasive slurries, polymerizing

media, or large diameter valves with high flow rates), installing the valve with the shaft horizontal to the pipeline

and downstream of the seal will enhance valve performance.

D Install a valve supplied for uni‐directional shutoff with the high pressure side in the direction noted on the valve

body. A flow tag with an arrow is provided for proper installation.

If you have questions about proper valve orientation in a specific application, contact your Emerson sales office.

Instruction Manual

D500240X012

A31A Valve

February 2019

Table 4. Valve Body Data, CL300

VALVE SIZE,

NPS

SHAFT DIAMETER

AT YOKE BEARING

FACE‐TO‐FACE

DIMENSION(1)

MINIMUM

I.D.(2)

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT,

KILOGRAMS

mm Wafer Single Flange

3 14.3 47.6 71.6 9.1 10

4 17.5 54.0 93.7 13 14

6 23.8 58.7 147.3 20 25

8 31.8 73.0 186.2 30 41

10 41.3 84.1 231.1 61 75

12 47.6 92.1 281.7 78 107

VALVE SIZE,

NPS

SHAFT DIAMETER

AT YOKE BEARING

FACE‐TO‐FACE

DIMENSION(1)

MINIMUM

I.D.(2)

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT,

POUNDS

Inches Wafer Single Flange

3 9/16 1‐7/8 2.82 20 23

4 11/16 2‐1/8 3.69 28 31

6 15/16 2‐5/16 5.80 44 54

8 1‐1/4 2‐7/8 7.33 67 91

10 1‐5/8 3‐5/16 9.10 134 166

12 1‐7/8 3‐5/8 11.09 171 235

1. Face‐to‐face dimensions are in compliance with MSS SP68 and API 609 specifications.

2. Minimum I.D. is the minimum pipe or flange I.D. required for disk swing clearance.

Preparing for Installation

CAUTION

To avoid damage to the valve disk during installation, the valve must be in the fully‐closed position. If the A31A valve is

equipped with a fail‐open actuator, remove the actuator before installing the valve/actuator assembly or cycle the valve

into the fully closed position. Then, take appropriate steps to ensure that the actuator does not cause the valve to open

during installation.

1. The A31A valve is normally shipped as part of an assembly with an actuator and other accessories such as a valve

positioner. If the valve and actuator have been purchased separately or if the actuator has been removed for

maintenance, properly mount the actuator and adjust valve/actuator travel and all travel stops before inserting the

valve into the line.

Follow the instructions in this manual for adjusting travel stops. Also, refer to a separate actuator instruction manual

for detailed actuator mounting and adjustment procedures.

2. If not previously removed, remove the protective end covers from the valve and inspect the valve body to be certain

that it is free of foreign material. Also, be certain that adjacent pipelines are free of any foreign material, such as

pipe scale or welding slag that could damage the valve seating surfaces.

CAUTION

The A31A valve is designed for use with the appropriate piping schedule for the specified ASME class. Minimum inside

diameters for flanges or pipe mating with valves are shown in tables 3 and 4. Be certain to align the valve accurately to

avoid contact between the disk and the flanges. Improper alignment or insufficient space for disk rotation could result in

damage to the disk.

3. Select the appropriate gaskets for the application. Flat sheet, spiral wound, or other gasket types, made to ASME

B16.5 group or user's standard, can be used on the valves depending on the service conditions of the application.

4. Refer to table 5 for the quantity and size of flange bolts required.

Instruction Manual

D500240X012

A31A Valve

February 2019

Figure 2. Maximum Pressure/Temperature Ratings

B2335-2

NOTE

BECAUSE OF POTENTIAL EROSIVE EFFECTS AND PREMATURE SEAL FAILURE THAT CAN OCCUR, THROTTLING PTFE SEALS AT DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURES GREATER THAN 300 PSID AT DISK ANGLES

LESS THAN 20 DEGREES OPEN IS NOT RECOMMENDED.

TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS DO NOT ACCOUNT FOR THE ADDITIONAL LIMITATIONS IMPOSED BY THE BACKUP RING USED WITH THIS SEAL TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE

LIMITATION OF THE APPROPRIATE SEAL/BACKUP RING COMBINATION, REFER TO TABLE 3.

CL300, NOVEX SEAL

CL150, NOVEX SEAL

CL300, SOFT SEALCL150, SOFT SEAL

OPERATING TEMPERATURE, _COPERATING TEMPERATURE, _C

OPERATING TEMPERATURE, _C

OPERATING TEMPERATURE, _F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE, _FOPERATING TEMPERATURE, _F

S31600 SST

S21800

Instruction Manual

D500240X012

A31A Valve

February 2019

Figure 2. Maximum Pressure/Temperature Ratings (continued)

B2336-1

NOTE

TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS DO NOT ACCOUNT FOR THE ADDITIONAL LIMITATIONS IMPOSED BY THE BACKUP RING USED WITH THIS SEAL TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE

LIMITATION OF THE APPROPRIATE SEAL/BACKUP RING COMBINATION, REFER TO TABLE 3.

CL300, CRYOGENIC SEAL

CL300, PHOENIX III SEAL

OPERATING TEMPERATURE, _C

OPERATING TEMPERATURE, _F

S21800

CL150, CRYOGENIC SEAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE, _F

OPERATING TEMPERATURE, _C

CTFE CTFE

CL150, PHOENIX III SEAL

Instruction Manual

D500240X012

A31A Valve

February 2019

Figure 3. Available Seal Configurations

B2334-1

NOTE

FOR OPTIMUM SEAL PERFORMANCE, THE PREFERRED VALVE ORIENTATION AT SHUTOFF IS WITH THE RETAINING RING DOWNSTREAM FROM THE HIGH PRESSURE SIDE OF THE VALVE.

BACKUP

RING

BACKUP

RING

RETAINING

RING

RETAINING

RING

RETAINING

RING

RETAINING

RING

SEAL RING

METAL

SEAL RING

NOVEX

SEAL RING

GRAPHITE

GASKET

GRAPHITE

GASKET

GRAPHITE

GASKET

HIGH PRESSURE

AT SHUTOFF

HIGH PRESSURE

AT SHUTOFF

HIGH PRESSURE

AT SHUTOFF HIGH PRESSURE

AT SHUTOFF

BODY BODY

VALVE DISK VALVE DISK

T-SLOT

CRYOGENIC

SEAL RING

RESILIENT INSERT

SOFT SEAL WITH

BACKUP O-RING CRYOGENIC SEAL

NOVEX SEAL PHOENIX III

FIRE-TESTED SEAL

Installing Wafer‐Style Valves

WARNING

The edges of a rotating valve disk have a shearing effect that may result in personal injury. To avoid personal injury, keep

clear of the disk edges when rotating the disk.

1. See figure 5 for recommended valve orientation. See table 5 for flange bolt specifications. Install the lower flange

bolts first to form a cradle for the valve.

2. Properly orient the valve according to the specific application. For optimum performance, install the valve so that

the shaft will be on the high pressure side of the valve at shutoff. Install the valve and the gaskets between the

flanges into the cradle formed by the flange bolts.

3. Install the remaining flange bolts, making sure to center the gaskets on the gasket sealing surfaces of the flange

and body.

4. Tighten the flange bolts in an alternating criss‐cross fashion to a torque value of one‐fourth of the final bolting

torque. Repeat this procedure several times increasing the torque value each time by a fourth of the final desired

torque. When the final torque value has been applied, tighten each flange bolt again to allow for gasket

compression.

5. For hazardous atmosphere or oxygen service valves, read the following Warning, and provide the bonding strap

assembly mentioned below if the valve is used in an explosive atmosphere.

Instruction Manual

D500240X012

A31A Valve

February 2019

Figure 4. Optional Shaft‐to‐Valve Body Bonding Strap Assembly

VALVE BODY ACTUATOR

VIEW A‐A

37A6528‐A

A3143‐2

Table 5. Hex Head Screw, Stud Bolt and Cap Screw Data(1)

VALVE SIZE, NPS NUMBER SIZE DIA. INCH & THREAD LENGTH, INCH

CL150 CL300 CL150 CL300 CL150 CL300

Single-Flange Style with Stud Bolts

3 4 8 5/8‐11 3/4‐10 5‐3/4 6

4 8 8 5/8‐11 3/4‐10 6 6‐1/2

6 8 12 3/4‐10 3/4‐10 6‐1/2 7‐1/2

8 8 12 3/4‐10 7/8‐9 7 9

10 12 16 7/8‐9 1‐8 8 10

12 12 16 7/8‐9 1‐1/8‐8 8‐1/2 11

Wafer-Style with Cap Screws

3 8 16 5/8‐11 3/4‐10 1‐7/8 2

4 16 16 5/8‐11 3/4‐10 2 2‐1/4

6 16 24 3/4‐10 3/4‐10 2 2‐1/2

8 16 24 3/4‐10 7/8‐9 2‐1/4 3

10 24 32 7/8‐9 1‐8 2‐1/2 3

12 24 32 7/8‐9 1‐1/8‐8 2‐3/4 3‐3/8

1. Thread engagement in accordance with ASME B31.3 “Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping”.

WARNING

The valve drive shaft is not necessarily grounded to the pipeline when installed. Personal injury or property damage could

result, if the process fluid or the atmosphere around the valve is flammable, from an explosion caused by a discharge of

static electricity from the valve components. If the valve is installed in a hazardous area, electrically bond the drive shaft to

the valve.

Note

The packing is composed of all conductive packing rings (graphite ribbon packing) to electrically bond the shaft to the valve for

hazardous area service or non‐conductive PTFE packing rings. For oxygen service applications, provide alternate shaft‐to‐valve

body bonding according to the following step.

Andere Handbücher für Fisher POSI-SEAL A31A

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Andere Emerson Steuereinheit Handbücher

Emerson

Emerson KTM Series Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Kunkle Valve Series Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Alco Controls CVE-014 Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson ASCO 290 Series Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson AVENTICS TV04-CV Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Neotecha Montage- und Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Comfort Alert 543-0033-00 Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson ANDERSON GREENWOOD 9300H Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson C471 Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Keystone PED Winn Hiseal Kurzanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Fisher POSI-SEAL A31A Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Fisher Types N480 Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson White-Rodgers 764-500 Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson ANDERSON GREENWOOD 4142HF Handbuch

Emerson

Emerson Keystone 990 Technisches Dokument

Emerson

Emerson RAIMONDI Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson KEYSTONE F635 Montageanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Alco Controls M36 Series Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Fisher 8532 Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Anderson Greenwood 727 Series Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Fisher TBX Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Fisher D3 Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Fisher ACE95 Series Bedienungsanleitung

Emerson

Emerson Vanessa 30000 Series Bedienungsanleitung

Beliebte Steuereinheit Handbücher anderer Marken

Festo

Festo Compact Performance CP-FB6-E Stücklistenhandbuch

Elo TouchSystems

Elo TouchSystems DMS-SA19P-EXTME Bedienungsanleitung

JS Automation

JS Automation MPC3034A Bedienungsanleitung

JAUDT

JAUDT SW GII 6406 Series Kurzanleitung

Spektrum

Spektrum Air Module System Bedienungsanleitung

BOC Edwards

BOC Edwards Q Series Bedienungsanleitung

KHADAS

KHADAS BT Magic Bedienungsanleitung

Etherma

Etherma eNEXHO-IL Bedienungsanleitung

PMFoundations

PMFoundations Attenuverter Bedienungsanleitung

GEA

GEA VARIVENT Bedienungsanleitung

Walther Systemtechnik

Walther Systemtechnik VMS-05 Bedienungsanleitung

Altronix

Altronix LINQ8PD Montageanleitung

Eaton

Eaton Powerware Series Bedienungsanleitung

WAGO

WAGO 750-407/040-000 Bedienungsanleitung

Sony

Sony CCU-590 Bedienungsanleitung

Graco

Graco 25D614 Bedienungsanleitung

Task Force Tips

Task Force Tips YE-RF-900 Programmierhandbuch

Shini

Shini SPV-U Series Bedienungsanleitung