GRT Avionics HXr Bedienungsanleitung
HXr
Installation Manual
Revision A5
7-May-2015
Revision A5 iii
GRT Avionics HXr Installation Manual
FOREWORD
Congratulations on your purchase of the GRT Avionics HXr! We are pleased that you have chosen
our product to meet your flying needs.
This manual describes installation of the GRT Hxr Electronic Flight Information System using the
software version shown in the Record of Revisions. Some differences may be observed when
comparing the information in this manual to other software versions. Every effort has been made
to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate and complete. Visit the GRT website,
www.grtavionics.com, for the latest manual updates, software updates and supplemental
information concerning the operation of this and other GRT products. GRT is not responsible for
unintentional errors or omissions in the manual or their consequences.
Information in the document is subject to change without notice. GRT Avionics reserves the right
to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content of this material without
obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.
Copyright © 2001 - 2013 GRT Avionics or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
HXr Installation Manual GRT Avionics
iv Revision A5
Revision Date SW
Rev Change Description
A 1-Dec-2012 1b Initial Release
A1 19-Dec-2012 1b
Added notes about audio output- Section 3.9 and Connector B
Pinout Diagram
Replaced HXr Interconnect Diagram with high-res image
A2 09-Jan-2013 1d
Updated wiring harness packages and part numbers in packing list–
Section 1.5
Updated & clarified wiring harness Connector Pinout Diagrams for
Connector A, Connector B, and AHRS– Appendix
A3 31-Jan-2013 1d Corrected pin assignment described in Section 3.7 from B1 to A18.
Simplified trim/flap sensor wiring diagram, A14
A4 03-Apr-2013 1e
Added note about internal pull-up resistors for trim/flap sensors to
trim/flap sensor wiring diagram, A14, and Section 3.10.
Fixed backwards connector diagram on AHRS connector pinout, A11.
A5 20-Feb-2015 1f Updated to include mounting for Adaptive AHRS and digital
magnetometer..
RECORD OF REVISIONS
Section Date Revision Notes
Foreword 05-Mar-2015
1 05-Mar-2015
2 05-Mar-2015
3 05-Mar-2015
4 05-Mar-2015
5 05-Mar-2015
Appendix 20-Feb-2015 A4 HXr systems shipped after 1/08/13 include updated wiring
harnesses as described in the Appendix of Revision A2.
Installers of all units shipped prior to this date should refer to
the Horizon Cable Description documents, available from
www.grtavionics.com/documents, for Connector A, B and
AHRS pinning instructions.
LIST OF EFFECTIVE SECTIONS
HXr Installation Manual GRT Avionics
v Revision A5
Contents
SECTION 1: GENERAL DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................7
1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................7
1.2 Certification......................................................................................................................................7
1.3 System Description & Architecture................................................................................................7
1.4 Light Aircraft Avionics Primer........................................................................................................8
1.5 HXr Accessories and Packing List..................................................................................................11
SECTION 2: MECHANICAL INSTALLATION.........................................................................................14
2.1 Display Unit Installation Considerations.....................................................................................14
2.2 GADAHRS Installation....................................................................................................................14
2.2 Legacy Equipment - AHRS (Part No. AAS-) Installation............................................................17
2.3 Legacy Equipment - Magnetometer Installation (for AHRS Part No. AAS-)...........................18
2.3 GSNS (GPS) from the Adaptive AHRS...........................................................................................19
2.4 Cooling Considerations.................................................................................................................20
2.5 Pitot/Static Connections...............................................................................................................20
3.1 General Guidelines.........................................................................................................................21
3.2 Power Connections........................................................................................................................21
3.3 Ground Connections......................................................................................................................22
3.4 AHRS & OAT Wiring .....................................................................................................................22
3.4.1 Magnetometer Wiring.................................................................................................................22
3.5 Specific Equipment Interconnect Details....................................................................................23
3.6 Autopilot Source Switch................................................................................................................23
3.7 GPS Wiring from the Adaptive AHRS...........................................................................................23
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vi Revision A5
3.8 Inter-Display Communication.......................................................................................................23
3.9 Audio Tone Output........................................................................................................................23
3.10 Trim and Flap Servos and Sensors.............................................................................................24
SECTION 4: CHECK OUT & CALIBRATION.........................................................................................25
4.1 Display Unit Check Out..................................................................................................................25
4.2 AHRS/Air Data Computer Test.....................................................................................................25
4.3 Magnetometer Location Validation.............................................................................................26
4.4 Check Uncorrected Magnetic Heading........................................................................................26
4.5 Magnetometer Calibration Procedure.........................................................................................27
4.6 ARINC Checkout Procedure..........................................................................................................30
Section 5: Equipment Interconnect Details........................................................................................31
5.1 Serial Ports......................................................................................................................................31
5.2 Inter-Display Link...........................................................................................................................31
5.3 ARINC 429.......................................................................................................................................31
5.4 Analog Input...................................................................................................................................31
5.5 USB Ports........................................................................................................................................31
5.6 GRT GPS Modules..........................................................................................................................32
5.7 Specific Equipment Interconnect Details....................................................................................32
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GRT Avionics HXr Installation Manual
SECTION 1: GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1 Introduction
This document provides the physical, mechanical and electrical characteristics and installation
requirements for the GRT HXr EFIS.
This document, the HXr Set Up Guide and the HXr Users Guide make up the set of HXr user
documentation. These documents, along with periodic software updates and other notices, are
available at www.grtavionics.com under the Support menu.
1.2 Certification
The GRT HXr EFIS is not certified for installation in FAA Type Certificated Aircraft. It is designed
and intended for installation in aircraft licensed as Experimental or Light-Sport.
1.3 System Description & Architecture
The GRT HXr EFIS (Electronic Flight Information System) consists of one or more panel mounted
Display Units, one or more remotely mounted attitude-heading reference system (AHRS), and one
or two remotely mounted magnetometers. The Display Unit is available with either a 10.4” or 12.1”
screen. Dimensional drawings for both sizes, as well as the AHRS and magnetometer, are provided
in the Appendix of this manual. The HXr is available as either a 12 or 28-volt system; the voltage
is specified on the data tag of the display unit.
Two AHRS packages are available. The Dual AHRS package (AHRS-2) is standard with the
dual-display system, while the single AHRS (AHRS-1) is standard with a single display. The Dual
AHRS is two identical AHRS units inside one module; this assures that both AHRS units are aligned
with each other at all times. Dual AHRS is available with a single screen system as an option.
The most basic configuration for HXr is a single EFIS screen to display the primary flight instruments
of airspeed, altitude, heading, attitude, vertical speed, and rate of turn. To do this, the EFIS display
unit works with a remotely-mounted attitude-heading reference system, or AHRS, and a
magnetometer unit to determine aircraft attitude and heading information. The air data computer,
located inside the AHRS box, is connected to the aircraft pitot/static system to determine airspeed
and altitude. The GRT AHRS is unique in the industry in that it provides attitude data without gyros,
GPS or pitot/static input to compute aircraft attitude, making it more reliable than systems that
require external data.
When GPS is added to the system, GPS track and a moving map are displayed on the map page
of the primary display or the secondary display if equipped. GRT offers several different GPS
modules for the HXr. A third-party GPS unit may also be used, such as a Garmin 430/530 or Garmin
650/750. This feature is useful for adding IFR GPS approach capability to the HXr system. (IFR
approach sequencing is currently in development at GRT.) Note that the only GPS functions that
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1-8 Revision A5
import from a third-party GPS to the EFIS are track and position. Flight plan sequencing from such
a GPS can be imported if the GPS is wired to the EFIS through the ARINC 429 port.
When the Grand Rapids Technologies Engine Information System (EIS) unit is installed in the aircraft,
every engine parameter imaginable is able to be monitored through the EFIS system. The EIS
module senses the desired engine or environmental data, such as exhaust gas temperature, cylinder
head temperature, oil temperature/pressure, and outside air temperature, and displays it on both
the EIS screen and the EFIS screen. While the EIS displays it in numerical data only, the EFIS can
display data in graphical format, which is useful and easy to read during flight. One notable feature
is the EGT line graph, which tracks EGT data for each cylinder over time and allows easy and
instantaneous rough-engine troubleshooting. The ENG page on the EFIS is dedicated to engine
and environmental parameters. Engine data can also be displayed on a portion of the primary
flight display page, fully customizable in-flight according to the pilot’s taste and situation.
GRT strives to maintain open compatibility with third-party equipment vendors. This allows aircraft
builders and pilots the freedom to choose whatever brands fit their mission and budget, as well
as the flexibility for easy upgrades as technology evolves. Radios, transponders, ADS-B modules,
and many other third-party units interface with the GRT HXr through RS-232 serial, ARINC 429,
RS-422, and USB ports. VOR/localizer data, traffic alerts, and in-flight weather are very common
additions that are easily displayed on the EFIS screen. The HXr features the capability to mount
the radio, transponder and engine monitor in a remote location to simplify the design of the
instrument panel. The addition of a second or third display unit doubles or triples the number of
available serial and USB ports available, allowing use of more third-party devices. The Ethernet
inter-display link between EFIS screens allows data from most devices to be shared among screens
for redundancy and convenience.
See Section 5, the Appendix of this manual, and the Support section of grtavionics.com for
information on various GRT system & third party equipment configurations.
1.4 Light Aircraft Avionics Primer
Modern flight instrumentation systems may seem intimidating, but they can be simpler to install
than their analog counterparts. This section provides some basic information for aircraft builders
new to the world of electronic flight display systems.
D-Sub Connectors
A key element to designing a glass-panel installation is the communication between different
components of the system. The internal circuits of each unit are wired to use D-sub connectors for
easy external wiring of required and optional components. The main connectors of the Horizon
system are two 25-pin D-Subs, referred to in this manual as Connectors A and B. Each pin of the
connector is wired to an internal component of the display unit circuitry. Some pins are hard wired
to required elements, such as the AHRS input. Others are designated as serial ports or other
communication ports described below.
Analog Input
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GRT Avionics HXr Installation Manual
Some pins on the GRT EFIS connectors are designated as Analog input. These inputs use variations
in voltage levels to perform simple tasks. The most common use for analog data in GRT EFIS systems
today is for position indicators such as trim, flaps, and squat switches. VOR/Localizer data can be
in analog format, but has overwhelmingly been replaced by serial data or ARINC 429 for simplicity
and better performance.
Grey Code
Grey code is an analog language used by most transponders, especially older ones, to decipher
altitude encoder information. A range of pins on older GRT EFIS systems is designated as Grey
code input. Newer transponders can use serial data instead of Grey code, which vastly simplifies
the wiring process. Because Grey code is rapidly becoming phased out in favor of serial data, the
HXr does not support it.
Serial Ports
Serial ports are user defined, meaning that the aircraft builder can choose which devices use each
port. Each serial port consists of two pins– a Transmit (OUT or Tx) and a Receive (IN or Rx)–that
exchange information between the display unit and a connected device such as a GPS, radio or
autopilot. Devices that receive and transmit information use one “whole” serial port. Some
components only require an IN or OUT. For example, the EIS connects to an IN port because it
sends information to the EFIS, but the EFIS does not respond back. The other half of the port, the
OUT, may be used for a device that only requires data FROM the EFIS, such as a transponder that
uses encoder data from the EFIS. During the display unit Setup Procedure, you will use the system
Setup Guide or Equipment Supplement to program the display unit and “tell” it which device uses
each serial port and which baud rate it requires.
Data is transported through the serial ports to make the devices work. A stream of serial data is
like a sentence, and data packets are like the words. Data packets are transmitted in a
predetermined order and frequency. This frequency is known as the baud rate. A device that
communicates at a baud rate of 9600 delivers 9600 coded data packets per second in a sequence
that the receiving device expects. The baud rate of the serial port in the EFIS must be configured
to match that of the device; otherwise, the “sentences” of data packets will be scrambled. Note
that only one baud rate may be programmed per serial port, so if two devices share a port, they
must use the same baud rate.
ARINC 429
ARINC 429 is a data transfer method designed specifically for use in aircraft avionics systems. It
was originally intended for use in airliners and other commercial aircraft where large amounts of
data are transferred. It can be more confusing for a beginner to wire than a serial port because it’s
like a four-lane highway; each data stream IN and OUT requires two wires, referred to as A and B.
ARINC 429 data rates are either 12.5 or 100 kilobits per second; therefore, each ARINC port is set
to either LOW (12 kbps) or HIGH (100 kbps) depending on the requirements of the device it runs.
An ARINC device commonly used with GRT systems is the Garmin GNS430/530 IFR-certified GPS,
which uses the ARINC connection for better performance over the old analog VOR/Localizer data..
HXr Installation Manual GRT Avionics
1-10 Revision A5
USB
The preferred method of data transmission for newer devices is USB. Just like the USB port on your
computer, an EFIS USB port is easy to connect and transmits large amounts of data quickly. USB
devices do not require you to program a baud rate. The HXr has two USB ports that may be used
for two USB devices, or you may attach a USB hub to run up to three devices. Some ADS-B units,
such as the Radenna Skyradar, offer USB data transmission. Software updates are also delivered
to the EFIS via USB– simply install the software update files onto a USB thumb drive from the GRT
website, then install the thumb drive to the EFIS USB port. The EFIS will upload the files when you
follow the Update instructions in the system Setup Guide. Most people choose to leave a USB
extension cable plugged into the USB port for easy software updating. Flight and engine data may
be recorded to a USB thumb drive as a “demo file” for later examination– a useful feature for
collecting flight test data.
Bluetooth
The HXr features a new method of EFIS data communication: Bluetooth wireless. With this feature,
the EFIS can communicate with an Android-based tablet or smartphone that has the GRT App. This
is particularly useful in tandem aircraft, where the back seat passenger can have their own PFD on
a kneeboard. They can even change radio frequencies and adjust flight plans without getting near
the EFIS or the rest of the instrument panel. (Note: The Android app is still in development at GRT;
the beta version will be available for free download by the end of 2012.) The Bluetooth transmitter
dongle is a tiny device about the size of a thumbnail that plugs into one of the USB ports in the
back of the display unit.
Physical Wiring
All the wires supplied with the EFIS system are 22-gauge. Many wires are included in the wiring
harness for the EFIS, and some are pre-pinned. GRT pre-connects wires that are guaranteed to be
used by the builder. The wires are different colors so they may be traced throughout the airframe
and avionics compartment. Labeling the ends of the wires is a good practice, especially in complex
installations where there may be dozens of wires.
It will take some effort to figure out exactly how long each wire must be to reach remotely-mounted
devices, but too long is always preferable to a wire that barely reaches. Always allow several inches
of extra “service loop” in your wiring installations to allow easy removal of connected components
from the mount locations and prevent wires from vibrating loose under tension.
Most wires already have connector ends on them, but some do not because each airplane requires
different lengths of wire for different applications. Each EFIS comes with pin connectors that will
need to be crimped to the ends of wires after they are trimmed to length. For information on how
to crimp wires, there are some good videos on EAA’s Hints for Homebuilders website, as well as
written information in the publications listed at the end of this section.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
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