HP 9g Bedienungsanleitung

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hp 9g

Graphing Calculator

Contents

Chapter 1 : General Operations ................................... 4

Power Supply .................................................................... 4

Turning on or off ........................................................................... 4

Battery replacement ...................................................................... 4

Auto power-off function ................................................................ 4

Reset operation ............................................................................. 4

Contrast Adjustment .......................................................... 4

Display Features ................................................................ 5

Graph display............................................................................... 5

Calculation display........................................................................ 5

Chapter 2 : Before Starting a Calculation...................... 6

Changing Modes ............................................................... 6

Selecting an Item from a Menu........................................... 6

Key Labels......................................................................... 6

Using the 2nd and ALPHA keys .......................................... 7

Cursor .............................................................................. 7

Inserting and Deleting Characters....................................... 7

Recalling Previous Inputs and Results .................................. 8

Memory............................................................................ 8

Running memory........................................................................... 8

Standard memory variables.......................................................... 8

Storing an equation ...................................................................... 8

Array Variables............................................................................. 8

Order of Operations .......................................................... 9

Accuracy and Capacity .................................................... 10

Error Conditions .............................................................. 12

Chapter 3 : Basic Calculations .................................... 13

Arithmetic Calculation...................................................... 13

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Display Format................................................................ 13

Parentheses Calculations.................................................. 14

Percentage Calculations ................................................... 14

Repeat Calculations ......................................................... 14

Answer Function.............................................................. 14

Chapter 4 : Common Math Calculations...................... 15

Logarithm and Antilogarithm ........................................... 15

Fraction Calculation ......................................................... 15

Converting Angular Units................................................. 15

Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric functions............. 16

Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic functions ..................... 16

Coordinate Transformations ............................................. 16

Mathematical Functions ................................................... 16

Other Functions ( x-1, , , ,x 2, x 3, ^).................... 17

Unit Conversion............................................................... 17

Physics Constants ............................................................ 18

Multi-statement functions ................................................. 19

Chapter 5 : Graphs .................................................... 19

Built-in Function Graphs................................................... 19

User-generated Graphs.................................................... 19

Graph ↔Text Display and Clearing a Graph.................... 20

Zoom Function ................................................................ 20

Superimposing Graphs .................................................... 20

Trace Function ................................................................. 20

Scrolling Graphs.............................................................. 21

Plot and Line Function ...................................................... 21

Chapter 6 : Statistical Calculations.............................. 21

Single-Variable and Two-Variable Statistics....................... 21

Process Capability ........................................................... 22

Correcting Statistical Data ................................................ 23

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Probability Distribution (1-Var Data) ................................. 23

Regression Calculation..................................................... 24

Chapter 7 : BaseN Calculations .................................. 24

Negative Expressions....................................................... 25

Basic Arithmetic Operations for Bases............................... 25

Logical Operation............................................................ 25

Chapter 8 : Programming........................................... 25

Before Using the Program Area ........................................ 26

Program Control Instructions ............................................ 26

Clear screen command.................................................................26

Input and output commands.........................................................26

Conditional branching..................................................................27

Jump commands ..........................................................................27

Mainroutine and Subroutine.........................................................27

Increment and decrement............................................................ 28

For loop ...................................................................................... 28

Sleep command .......................................................................... 28

Swap command .......................................................................... 28

Relational Operators........................................................ 29

Creating a New Program ................................................. 29

Executing a Program ....................................................... 29

Debugging a Program ..................................................... 30

Using the Graph Function in Programs.............................. 30

Display Result Command.................................................. 30

Deleting a Program ......................................................... 30

Program Examples .......................................................... 31

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Chapter 1 : General Operations

Power Supply

Turning on or off

To turn the calculator on, press [ ON ].

To turn the calculator off, press [ 2nd ] [ OFF ].

Battery replacement

The calculator is powered by two alkaline button batteries (GP76A or LR44).

When battery power becomes low, LOW BATTERY appears on the display.

Replace the batteries as soon as possible.

To replace the batteries:

1. Remove the battery compartment cover by sliding it in the direction of

the arrow.

2. Remove the old batteries.

3. Install new batteries, each with positive polarity facing outward.

4. Replace the battery compartment cover.

5. Press [ ON ] to turn the power on.

Auto power-off function

The calculator automatically turns off if it has not been used for 9–15

minutes. It can be reactivated by pressing [ ON ]. The display, memory,

and settings are retained while the calculator is off.

Reset operation

If the calculator is on but you get unexpected results, press [ MODE ] or

[ CL/ESC ]. If problems persist, press [ 2nd ] [ RESET ]. A message appears

asking you to confirm that you want to reset the calculator.

RESET : N Y

Press [ ] to move the cursor to Yand then press [ ]. The calculator

is reset. All variables, programs, pending operations, statistical data,

answers, previous entries, and memory are cleared. To cancel the reset

operation, move the cursor to Nand press [ ].

If the calculator becomes locked and pressing keys has no effect, press

[ EXP ] [ MODE ] at the same time. This unlocks the calculator and

returns all settings to their default values.

Contrast Adjustment

Press [ MODE ] and then [ ] or [ ] to make the screen lighter or

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darker.

Display Features

Graph display

Calculation display

Entry line Displays an entry of up to 76 digits. Entries with more than 11

digits will scroll to the left. When you input the 69th digit of a

single entry, the cursor changes from to to let you

know that you are approaching the entry limit. If you need to

input more than 76 digits, you should divide your calculation

into two or more parts.

Result line Displays the result of a calculation. 10 digits can be displayed,

together with a decimal point, a negative sign, the x10

indicator, and a 2-digit positive or negative exponent. Results

that exceed this limit are displayed in scientific notation.

Indicators The following indicators appear on the display to indicate the

status of the calculator.

Indicator Meaning

MValues are stored in running memory

–Result is negative

Invalid action

2nd The next action will be a 2nd function

X = Y = The x- and y-coordinates of the trace function pointer

Alphabetic keys are active

STAT Statistics mode is active

PROG Program mode is active

Angle mode: Degrees, Rads, or Grads

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SCIENG SCIentific or ENGineering display format

FIX Number of decimal places displayed is fixed

HYP Hyperbolic trig function will be calculated

The displayed value is an intermediate result

There are digits to the left or right of the display

There are earlier or later results that can be displayed.

These indicators blink while an operation or program is

executing.

Chapter 2 : Before Starting a Calculation

Changing Modes

Press [ MODE ] to display the modes menu. You can choose one of four

modes: 0 MAIN, 1 STAT, 2 BaseN, 3 PROG.

For example, to select BaseN mode:

Method 1: Press [ MODE ] and then press [ ], [ ] or [ MODE ]

until 2 BaseN is underlined; then press [ ].

Method 2: Press [ MODE ] and enter the number of the mode, [ 2 ].

Selecting an Item from a Menu

Many functions and settings are available from menus. A menu is a list of

options displayed on the screen.

For example, pressing [ MATH ] displays a menu of mathematical functions.

To select one of these functions:

1. Press [ MATH ] to display the menu.

2. Press [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] to move the cursor to the function you

want to select.

3. Press [ ] while the item is underlined.

With numbered menu items, you can either press [ ] while the item is

underlined, or just enter the number of the item.

To close a menu and return to the previous display, press [ CL/ESC ].

Key Labels

Many of the keys can perform more than one function. The labels

associated with a key indicate the available functions, and the color of a

label indicates how that function is selected.

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Label color Meaning

White Just press the key

Yellow Press [ 2nd ] and then the key

Green In Base-N mode, just press the key

Blue Press [ ALPHA ] and then the key

Using the 2nd and ALPHA keys

To execute a function with a yellow label, press [ 2nd ] and then the

corresponding key. When you press [ 2nd ], the 2nd indicator appears to

indicate that you will be selecting the second function of the next key you

press. If you press [ 2nd ] by mistake, press [ 2nd ] again to remove the

2nd indicator

Pressing [ ALPHA ] [ 2nd ] locks the calculator in 2nd function mode. This

allows consecutive input of 2nd function keys. To cancel this, press [ 2nd ]

again.

To execute a function with a blue label, press [ ALPHA ] and then the

corresponding key. When you press [ ALPHA ], the indicator appears

to indicate that you will be selecting the alphabetic function of the next key

you press. If you press [ ALPHA ] by mistake, press [ ALPHA ] again to

remove the indicator.

Pressing [ 2nd ] [ ALPHA ] locks the calculator in alphabetic mode. This

allows consecutive input of alphabetic function keys. To cancel this, press

[ ALPHA ] again.

Cursor

Press [ ] or [ ] to move the cursor to the left or the right. Hold down a

cursor key to move the cursor quickly.

If there are entries or results not visible on the display, press [ ] or [ ]

to scroll the display up or down. You can reuse or edit a previous entry

when it is on the entry line.

Press [ ALPHA ] [ ] or [ ALPHA ] [ ] to move the cursor to the

beginning or the end of the entry line. Press [ ALPHA ] [ ] or [ ALPHA ]

[ ] to move the cursor to the top or bottom of all entries.

The blinking cursor indicates that the calculator is in insert mode.

Inserting and Deleting Characters

To insert a character, move the cursor to the appropriate position and enter

the character. The character is inserted to the immediate left of the cursor.

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To delete a character, press [ ] or [ ] to move the cursor to that

character and then press [ DEL ]. (When the cursor is on a character, the

character is underlined.) To undo the deletion, immediately press [ 2nd ]

[ ].

To clear all characters, press [ CL/ESC ]. See Example 1.

Recalling Previous Inputs and Results

Press [ ] or [ ] to display up to 252 characters of previous input, values

and commands, which can be modified and re-executed. See Example 2.

Note: Previous input is not cleared when you press [ CL/ESC ] or the power is

turned off` but it is cleared when you change modes.

Memory

Running memory

Press [ M+ ] to add a result to running memory. Press [ 2nd ] [ M– ] to

subtract the value from running memory. To recall the value in running

memory, press [ MRC ]. To clear running memory, press [ MRC ] twice. See

Example 4.

Standard memory variables

The calculator has 26 standard memory variables—A, B, C, D, …,

Z—which you can use to assign a value to. See Example 5. Operations

with variables include:

• [ SAVE ] + Variable assigns the current answer to the specified variable

(A, B, C, … or Z).

• [ 2nd ] [ RCL ] displays a menu of variables; select a variable to recall

its value.

• [ ALPHA ] + Variable recalls the value assigned to the specified variable.

• [ 2nd ] [ CL-VAR ] clears all variables.

Note: You can assign the same value to more than one variable in one step.

For example, to assign 98 to variables A, B, C and D, press 98

[ SAVE ] [ A ] [ ALPHA ] [ ~ ] [ ALPHA ] [ D ].

Storing an equation

Press [ SAVE ] [ PROG ] to store the current equation in memory.

Press [ PROG ] to recall the equation. See Example 6.

Array Variables

In addition to the 26 standard memory variables (see above), you can

increase memory storage by converting program steps to memory variables.

You can convert 12 program steps to one memory. A maximum of 33

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memories can be added in this way, giving you a maximum of 59 memories

(26 + 33).

Note: To restore the default memory configuration—26 memories—specify

Defm 0.

Expanded memories are named A [ 1 ] , A [ 2 ] etc and can be used in the

same way as standard memory variables. See Example 7.

Note: When using array variables, be careful to avoid overlap of memories.

The relation between memories is as follows:

Order of Operations

Each calculation is performed in the following order of precedence:

1. Functions inside parentheses, coordinate transformations, and Type B

functions, that is, those where you must press the function key before

entering the argument, for example, sin, cos, tan, sin-1, cos-1, tan-1, sinh,

cosh, tanh, sinh-1, cosh-1, tanh-1, log, ln, 10 X, e X,, , NEG,

NOT, X’( ), Y ’( ), MAX, MIN, SUM, SGN, AVG, ABS, INT, Frac, Plot.

2. Type A functions, that is, those where you enter the argument before

pressing the function key, for example, x 2, x 3, x-1, x!, º, r, g, %, º΄΄΄,

ENGSYM.

3. Exponentiation ( ),

4. Fractions

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5. Abbreviated multiplication format involving variables, π, RAND,

RANDI.

6. ( – )

7. Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type B functions, ,

Alog2, etc.

8. nPr, nCr

9. ×,

10. +, –

11. Relational operators: = =, < , >, ≠, ≤, ≥

12. AND, NAND (BaseN calculations only)

13. OR, XOR, XNOR (BaseN calculations only)

14. Conversion (A b/c d/e, F D, 

DMS)

When functions with the same priority are used in series, execution is

performed from right to left. For example:

Xln120 →e

X{ ln (120 ) }

Otherwise, execution is from left to right.

Compound functions are executed from right to left.

Accuracy and Capacity

Output digits: Up to 10 digits

Calculating digits: Up to 24 digits

Where possible, every calculation is displayed in up to 10 digits, or as a

10-digit mantissa together with a 2-digit exponent up to 10 ±99.

The arguments you input must be within the range of the associated function.

The following table sets out the allowable input ranges.

Functions Allowable Input range

sin x, cos x,

tan x

Deg : x ＜4.5 ×10

10 deg

Rad : x ＜2.5 ×10

8πrad

Grad : x ＜5 ×10 10 grad

however, for tan x

Deg : x ≠90 (2n+1)

Rad : x ≠2

π(2n+1)

Grad : x ≠100 (2n+1)

(n is an integer)

sin –1 x, cos –1 x

x ≦1

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