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1

Ver.1.4

Configuring

your LAN

Basic Procedure

2

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material,

including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness

for a particular purpose.

Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or

consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this

material.

Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its software on

equipment that is not furnished by Hewlett-Packard.

This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights

are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to

another language without the prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard Company.

Microsoft®, Windows® and MS-DOS® are registered trademarks of Microsoft

Corporation.

MMXTM is a trademark of Intel Corporation.

Pentium® is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.

Hewlett-Packard France

Business Desktop Division

38053 Grenoble Cedex 9

France

2002 Hewlett-Packard Company

3

Contents

1. BASIC REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................................................4

2. BASIC QUESTIONS FOR LAN CONNECTION SETUP...................................................................4

3. GLOSSARY AND LAN FUNDAMENTALS.........................................................................................5

4. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS..................................................................................................7

5. STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION.....................................................................................................9

SETTING/CHECKING YOUR NETWORK ADAPTER ON WINDOWS 95, 98, 2000, NT4, XP................................ 9

CHECKING / SETTING BASIC NETWORK CONFIGURATION........................................................................... 11

CHECKING THE CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN 2 COMPUTERS ...........................................................................14

4

1. Basic requirements

The purpose of this guide is to enable you to successfully

connect two LAN adapters and transfer files between them.

The hardware required to test a LAN connection is detailed

below:

•Two different network card adapters

•Two PCs in which the network adapters have been correctly

installed (with drivers)

•Connection hardware. Minimum requirement is a crossed-

cable, but usually two network cables connected to a LAN

Hub/Switch is preferred.

2. Basic questions for LAN connection setup

•How do I know if both network adapters are working properly?

•How do I know if the network configuration is functional?

•How do I know if the interconnection is functional?

5

3. Glossary and LAN fundamentals

A network is divided into several layers. It is not within the

scope of this document to explain this in details. However,

basic knowledge is required to understand if and where LAN

connection is failing.

IP Address: this is an identifier that allows computers to talk to

each other over a worldwide connection. Setting or obtaining an IP

address is required for the proper operation of most network tasks

under Windows. On the network, an IP address is like a phone

number. The IP address is the telephone number of the PC on a

network. For the moment, IP addresses are 4 bytes in length

(value from 0 to 255). It will soon be 6 bytes.

NetBIOS: this protocol enables users to identify and browse a

network by PC names. However, with no method of enforcing

unique names across sub-networks, this protocol’s scope is

limited to sub-networks and is not well suited to interconnection. It

is becoming obsolete.

MAC address: this is a unique identifier that allows computers to

talk to each other over a local sub-network.

DHCP: this is a protocol that allows a client to ask a server for an

IP address. For this to work, your network needs to have an

operational DHCP server. Each time your PC is powered-on it

may be assigned a new IP address through the DHCP protocol. If

your PC is configured as a DHCP client and no DHCP server can

be found, then the OS (Windows 98 or more recent) will auto-

assign a “random” IP address. The address is likely to be:

169.254.xxx.yyy

If two PCs are in auto-assign mode, the address assigned will be

in the range of 169.254.xxx.yyy, with a subnet mask of

255.255.0.0 (these PCs will be part of the same network and will

be able to exchange data without any need of an external server:

DNS, Gateway, or DHCP server).

DNS: This is a server whose role it is to register, maintain and

resolve matches between PC names on the network and their IP

addresses. You do not need a DNS server when you can access

the remote computer directly with its IP address.

6

Gateway: this is a router that will locate a route to your destination

on the network. This has no use on a local area network with no

need to access the Internet or a remote PC (that doesn’t belong to

the same subnet, for example, if the distance is greater than

100m). This router is also helpful if you need to isolate some sub-

networks within your network.

Subnet mask: this allows you to define which IP addresses

should be considered in your sub-network and which ones should

not pass through the gateway.

Two PCs belonging to the same sub-network do not require an

external server (such as DNS or Gateways) to exchange data.

Subnet masks work by “bitwise” and a mask.

For example, PC A’s IP address is 192.168.1.1; PC B’s IP address

is 192.168.0.127; PC C’s IP address is 192.168.3.1

If PC A’s subnet is set to 255.255.254.0, then PC B is part of A’s

sub-network:

192.168.1.1 and 255.255.254.0 = 192.168.0.0

192.168.0.127 and 255.255.254.0 = 192.168.0.0

Both are equal so PC A will consider PC B is part of the same

sub-network.

However, PC C is not part of the sub-network:

192.168.3.1 and 255.255.254.0 = 192.168.2.0

A subnet mask cannot be defined. If the mask is converted into

one binary number, there must only be a transition from 1 to 0 and

no transition from 0 to 1

For example, 255.255.254.0 = 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110

0000 0000 is correct

255.0.255.255 = 1111 1111 0000 0000 1111 1111 1111 1111 is

incorrect as there is a transition from 0 to 1 after a transition from

1 to 0.

How do I check these settings?

7

4. Frequently Asked Questions

Q: When I browse my network neighborhood, I cannot see

any computers.

A: Network browsing mostly relies on a protocol called NETBIOS.

This protocol allows the name of your PC to be known by other

PCs if you belong to the same workgroup. For details on how to

configure NETBIOS or change your network workgroup or PC

name click here

If you know the PC name (or even better the IP address), you can

try to access it by clicking on Start, Run… then type \\<computer

name> or \\<IP address>

Q: When I browse another PC, I cannot see any folders or

files.

A: The target PC must allow you to browse/enter folders.

On the target PC, a common way to do this is to browse using

explorer until you reach the folder you want to share. First, click on

the folder to select it (it turns gray) and then right click on it. In the

list displayed you will see the Sharing… menu. Click on it, click on

allow sharing and choose a share name. Adjust the security

settings, if necessary. Other PCs will now (if permitted) be able to

access this folder by clicking on Start, Run… and typing

\\<computer name>\<folder share name> or \\<IP

address>\<folder share name>

Q: When the PC starts, it reports that my PC name already

exists on the network.

A: There is a duplicate name on the network that will cause

network conflicts. You need to change your network identification

(not the workgroup nor the domain).

Click here for instructions on how to do this.

Q: I only want to share a folder with users to whom I give the

folder’s name.

A: If you select a folder name surrounded by $, users will not see

this folder when browsing your PC.

For example, on PC B, the folder C;\windows is shared under the

share name $secret$. On PC A, browsing \\<computer B> will not

show the folder $secret$. However, using PC B to browse

\\<computer B>\$secret$ will be displayed and the contents of

c:\widows will be detailed.

8

Q: I want to check the LAN’s performance.

A: One way to check the LAN’s performance is by file transfer. To

do this, open a shared folder on a remote PC and copy a large file

to it (about 50 MB). If ‘t’ represents the time in second to complete

the transfer, the network’s performance will be:

File size * 8/t; where file size is in MB and t in seconds.

In this example, a 50MB file transfer that is complete in less than

57 seconds is excellent on a 10Mb network infrastructure.

The result is in Mb/s. On a 10Mb network infrastructure, a

performance of around 3Mb/s is bad, 5Mb/s is fair and over 7Mb/s

is good. On a 100Mb network infrastructure, a performance below

30Mb/s is bad, around 50Mb/s is fair and over 70Mb/s is good.

Q: I want to improve my LAN’s performance.

A: If your LAN’s performance is below expectations, this may be

due to a speed (10Mb-capable network or 100Mb-capable

network) and duplex mode (half or full) mismatch. When the

network cable is plugged into a network adapter, the network

adapter automatically attempts to auto-negotiate the speed and

duplex mode with the network infrastructure. This generally results

in the best performance. However, sometimes is not the case and

performance is impaired, especially the duplex setting. One

solution to this problem is to force the speed and duplex

configuration on both the network adapter and the infrastructure. If

the infrastructure cannot be programmed, a performance boost is

unlikely. The network adapter’s configuration can be set using the

advanced tab on the configuration interface (see below to find out

how to locate the advanced tab).

9

5. Step-by-step configuration

Setting/checking

your network

adapter on

Windows 95, 98,

2000, NT4, XP. 1 Click on Start, Select Settings and on the Control Panel.

2 Double click on System and, if it exists, click on the Hardware

tab (Windows 2000, NT4).

3 Finally, click on Device Manager. A device tree should be

displayed. Select the Network Adapters category.

10

4 For details of the network adapters present on your system,

click on the + icon on the left-hand side of Network adapters.

You can also double-click on the hardware matching your

configuration to check it’s status.

5 If your hardware has a yellow “!” indicated next to it or a

warning message that the device is not functioning properly,

you will need to reinstall the driver by clicking on update

driver. You will then need to select a drive file location for the

updated drivers of your hardware.

6 If your hardware has a red cross (red x) next to it, this means

that the hardware has been disabled. It can be re-enabled

from the general tab.

7 On the advanced tab, you can check some of your device

settings which can be fine tuned to improve your network's

performance.