HP Vectra XU 6/XXX Bedienungsanleitung

Andere Handbücher für Vectra XU 6/XXX

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Dieses Handbuch passt für folgende Modelle

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

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GUIDE TO OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE

A guide to the performance benefits of your HP Vectra XU PC.

THE PERFORMANCE BENEFITS OF YOUR HP VECTRA PC

Your Hewlett-Packard PC makes use of a number of new features to provide you with the best

performance currently available from a PC. The configuration of your PC has been optimized

by HP to make the best use of these features for general applications.

The performance of your PC will depend on the applications you use. For example, different

software applications require different amounts of memory and will produce files of different

sizes. Best performance is obtained by balancing your PC’s configuration with the requirements

of your software.

To provide versatility in your PC’s configuration, Hewlett-Packard offers a number of

performance-enhancing accessories. Some of these are upgrades that allow you to increase

the performance of your PC in one particular area. Other accessories add to your PC’s existing

capabilities.

This guide describes the high-performance features of your PC and how you can obtain

maximum benefit from them. This will help you to optimize the performance of your HP Vectra

PC for your specific use.

This guide is presented in two chapters:

• Your PC’s performance features

Describes the new features used by your PC, with suggestions on how to optimize their

performance.

• Technical reference

Gives general technical reference information, with emphasis on the new features used by

the HP Vectra XU PC.

NOTE The advanced Pentium™ Pro processor installed in

your PC provides the best performance when used

with 32-bit operating systems and applications.

1 YOUR PC’S PERFORMANCE FEATURES

This chapter describes the new features of your HP Vectra XU PC and how these features can

bring optimized performance to your desktop application.

OVERVIEW

Your HP Vectra XU PC provides a number of new features that bring unprecedented levels of

performance to your desktop application. Some of these features offer you their full

performance benefits immediately, without needing to be adjusted in any way. Other features

must be configured according to your use before their full benefit can be realized.

This chapter explains these new features so that you can better understand the performance

benefits they offer. Where a feature is configurable or can be upgraded, detailed descriptions

are given to help you understand the options available to you.

The following features of your PC are described in this chapter:

• Intel Pentium™ Pro processor

• Dual processing capability

• Flexible memory configuration

• Advanced operating system support

• PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus

• Support for Ultra SCSI devices

• High performance IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) mass storage

• Advanced graphics capabilities

• High quality, stereo audio recording and playback

• Fast and adaptable networking.

YOUR PC’S CONFIGURATION

The configuration of your PC has been optimized by HP for general use. However, the

performance of your PC can be further improved by changing this configuration to match the

requirements of your application.

You can change the configuration of your PC in three ways:

• Adjust the parameters of the existing configuration through the PC’s Setup program

• Install accessories

• Change the configuration parameters of your software to make the best use of your PC’s

features.

NOTE The advanced Pentium Pro processor installed in

your PC provides the best performance when used

with 32-bit operating systems and applications.

PERFORMANCE TOPICS

The following topics are covered in this chapter:

• Improving the performance of your PC’s processor

• Advantages of dual processor configurations

• Matching memory capacity to your requirements

• Benefits of 32-bit applications

• Installing fast peripherals on the PCI bus

• Increasing the speed limit with Ultra SCSI

• Making the most of your IDE channels

• More video performance

• Your PC’s audio resources

• HP PCI integrated 10/100VG LAN interface.

IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF YOUR PC’S PROCESSOR

Your HP Vectra XU PC uses the most powerful processor currently available in any HP Vectra

PC: the Intel Pentium Pro. The advanced capabilities of this processor are sufficient to handle

any desktop application you may use. However, it is also possible to further increase the

performance of your PC’s processor by replacing it with an upgrade processor. This section

explains how and why.

The Processor’s Clocks

Everything your PC’s processor does is synchronized to a regular pulse known as the processor

clock. The speed of this clock defines the speed at which your processor performs its work.

Your PC’s Pentium Pro processor uses a system board clock source of either 60 or 66 MHz. All

operations on the local bus (such as data transfers with memory) are synchronized to this

clock. Other devices in the PC also use this clock to generate their own clock signals; for

example, the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus controller divides this clock in half

to produce the 30 or 33 MHz PCI clock.

For its own internal operation, the Pentium Pro processor multiplies the clock source to obtain a

faster, internal clock. It is the frequency of this internal clock that defines your processor’s

speed. For example, the 150 MHz processor uses the 60 MHz clock source and multiplies this

by 5/2 to produce its own 150 MHz internal clock.

NOTE The advanced Pentium Pro processor installed in

your PC provides the best performance when used

with 32-bit operating systems and applications.

Inside the Processor

Internally, your PC’s processor performs tasks by breaking them down into sub-tasks. Each of

these sub-tasks requires a number of clock cycles to complete.

The Pentium Pro processor integrates some functions that were performed by external

components in previous generations of PCs; level-two cache memory is an example of one of

these functions. This means that the Pentium Pro processor can perform a significant

proportion of its work internally, without needing to access other PC components through the

local bus.

By using a faster clock for internal operations than for external (local bus) operations, the

Pentium Pro processor accelerates the work it performs internally. Since internal operations

represent much of the processor’s total activity, the effect of this acceleration is a significant

improvement in overall processor performance.

The Scope for Improvement

The multiplication factor that the processor applies to the (external) clock source to produce its

internal clock can be compared to the transmission in a car; increasing the transmission ratio

allows the car to go at higher speeds. Similarly, increasing the multiplication factor that the

processor applies to the clock source causes the processor to use a faster internal clock, and

so to operate more quickly.

The processor’s clock multiplication factor is determined by switches on your PC’s system

board. These switches set both the internal and external clock speeds for the processor and

must be set correctly for the speed of processor installed in your PC.

System

board

switches

Switch 4 Switch 6 Switch 7 Processor Speed

(Internal Clock)

Local Bus Speed

(External clock)

Clock

Multiplication

Factor

ON ON OFF 150 MHz

60 MHz

5/2

OFF ON OFF 166 MHz

66 MHz

5/2

ON OFF ON 180 MHz

60 MHz

3

OFF OFF ON 200 MHz

66 MHz

3

To increase your processor’s clock multiplication factor, you must replace the processor with

one that uses a faster internal clock; if you replace the 150 MHz processor with a 180 MHz

processor and set your PC’s system board switches correctly, the clock multiplication factor will

be increased to 3 (as opposed to 5/2). The Pentium Pro processor in your PC is installed in a

socket for easy upgrading.

Replacing the Pentium Pro processor in your HP Vectra PC with one that uses a faster internal

clock will improve the performance of your PC. For more information on installing a processor,

refer to the

User’s Guide

supplied with your PC.

ADVANTAGES OF DUAL PROCESSOR CONFIGURATIONS

Although the Pentium Pro processor in your PC is the most powerful processor currently used

by any HP Vectra PC, one HP Vectra is able to offer an even higher processing performance:

your HP Vectra XU! This is possible because your PC can use not one, but two of these

advanced processors when running certain operating systems.

Two Processors Can Be Better Than One

The Pentium Pro processor in your PC is installed in a socket for easy upgrading. Your PC’s

System board also provides another socket, for installation of a second Pentium Pro processor.

Your HP Vectra XU PC is fully compliant with the Intel Multiprocessor Specification (MPS) for

dual processing in PCs. This standard defines how multiple processors work with a single set of

system memory and I/O resources.

The HP Vectra XU supports symmetric multiprocessing, which means that each processor can

perform any task. Symmetric multiprocessors appear to the user as a single, more powerful

processor.

If your PC is running an MPS-ready operating system, installing a second Pentium Pro

processor will yield a significant performance advantage. The second processor works

alongside the first and shares the processing workload. This can increase the overall

processing performance of your PC by up to 80%, depending on your application.

NOTE The advanced Pentium Pro processor installed in

your PC provides the best performance when used

with 32-bit operating systems and applications.

When is a Second Processor Used?

To be able to make use of a second processor, your PC must be running an MPS-ready

operating system, such as Windows NT or SCO UNIX. If your PC is not running an MPS-ready

operating system, you will not be able to gain any benefit from installation of a second

processor.

The table below shows which of the more commonly used PC operating systems are MPS-

ready.

Operating System 32-bit? Multithreaded? MPS-Ready?

MS-DOS No No No

Windows for

Workgroups No No No

Windows 95 Yes Yes No

Windows NT Yes Yes Yes

SCO UNIX Yes Yes Yes

Solaris Yes Yes Yes

NEXTSTEP Yes Yes No

OS/2 Warp 3.0 Yes Yes No

Refer to the manual supplied with your operating system for more information on its

characteristics and capabilities.

Multithreaded Operating Systems

Any operating system consists of a number of functions, each of which controls some small

part of the PC’s operation. Application software uses these functions as building blocks to

create specific, more powerful tools for the user.

Under a single threaded operating system no individual function is independent. All operating

system work (including any work performed by an application) consists of a single, inseparable

thread of functions and so must be performed by the same processor.

A multithreaded operating system uses functions that are effectively independent. This allows

the operating system to break its work into separate threads of functions. Since the threads are

effectively independent, they can be followed by different processors.

MPS-Ready Operating Systems

An MPS-ready operating system is multithreaded and also guarantees the integrity of any data

shared between the different processors. Data integrity is essential in any environment where

multiple copies of the same data can exist — failure to guarantee this can lead to logical

conflicts and operational failure. MPS-ready operating systems protect against these risks by

ensuring that valid copies of the same data are identical.

Multiprocessor- Efficient Operating Systems

Some advanced operating systems are more than MPS-ready. They are also multiprocessor-

efficient. These operating systems gain maximum advantage from multiple processors.

Windows NT is an example of a multiprocessor-efficient operating system.

Multiprocessor-efficient operating systems reduce the length of the individual functions

contained within their different threads. In an MPS-compliant multiprocessing computer, all

processors share the same local bus and must load the functions they perform over this bus.

By reducing the length of these functions, a multiprocessor-efficient operating system ensures

that no processor is slowed while another processor loads a function over the local bus. This

guarantees that each processor is used to its best advantage.

Multithreaded Applications

Applications written specifically for multithreaded operating systems are also multithreaded.

These applications permit their own operation to be performed through separate threads. Refer

to the manual supplied with your software application to determine if it is multithreaded.

The Advantages of Dual Processing in your PC

Your HP Vectra PC is able to bring the advantages of multiprocessing to your desktop. With

two processor’s installed, the power of your PC is significantly increased. However, this does

not mean that your PC can process individual commands and instructions more quickly.

Instead, your processing capacity is increased, meaning that your PC can process more

commands and instructions at one time.

The use you make of the second processor will be determined by the applications you use. To

illustrate this, assume you are running a multithreaded operating system with the following

applications:

• One single-threaded application.

Both processors are able to share the operating system’s work, but all the work for the

application must still be carried out by a single processor. The performance of your PC

may be faster than if you had only one processor installed, but not by a significant factor.

• Two or more single-threaded applications simultaneously.

Each processor will perform the work for different applications. The performance of your

PC will be significantly improved by the second processor.

• A multithreaded application.

Both processors are able to share the work of the application. All work is shared and so

the performance will be significantly increased with respect to a single processor

configuration. Multithreaded applications will gain the maximum benefit from installation of

a second Pentium Pro processor in your PC.

NOTE The advanced Pentium Pro processor provides the

best performance when used with 32-bit operating

systems and applications.

This distinction is important. If you are running a multithreaded operating system, and use

multithreaded applications or multiple single-threaded applications, installing a second Pentium

Pro processor will significantly improve the performance of your PC. If, however, you run just

one single-threaded application, then installing a second processor will offer little, or no

performance advantage.

The following table summarizes the benefits of installing a second Pentium Pro processor

according to the operating system and applications you use.

Multiple applications One multithreaded application

Single-threaded

operating system None None

Multithreaded

operating system Performance improvement for all

applications (even single-threaded) Greatest benefit from multiprocessing

Other Benefits of Dual Processing

One of the most important functions that a processor performs is handling interrupts. An

interrupt is a request for attention or service from another area of the PC. The processor’s

ability to respond to interrupts is an essential part of your PC’s operation. Interrupts allow your

PC to respond to unexpected events.

To handle an interrupt, your processor must first suspend its current activity. This means that

your PC’s operation will be slowed temporarily while the interrupt is being handled.

With two Pentium Pro processors installed the responsibility of handling interrupts is shared

between them. When an interrupt request is received, the two processors arbitrate between

themselves to see which processor is performing the lowest priority work. The selected

processor will be allocated to handle the interrupt, leaving the other processor free to continue

with its work.