Kurzweil K150FS Technisches Handbuch

K150FS Version 1.6 Software 1

K150FS Version 1.6 Software

Ralph Muha

Kurzweil Music Systems, Inc.

Waltham, MA 02154

These notes describe changes to the version 1.6 release of the K150 FS software. The major changes are:

•Next/Prev and Incr/Decr button positions are reversed.

•MIDI Channel and Mode are memorized. All program assignments are remembered in Multi-mode.

•Seven user-editable Intonation Tables plus fourteen ROM-based tables designed by Wendy Carlos are provided.

Optional keyboard control of reference key for real-time modulations.

•System Exclusive messages for loading and dumping master parameters, programs and voices (with optional

Voice RAM).

•System Exclusive messages to support remote front panel control.

Button Reversal

One of the most common complaints about the K150 is the position of the INCR/DECR and NEXT/PREV buttons.

Although one thinks of them from left to right, their normal positioning on almost all electronic equipment is from

right to left. The new software reverses the position of these keys. Upgrading an existing unit requires reversal of

the key caps.

Better Multi-Mode Support

MIDI channel and mode (Omni, Poly or Multi) are memorized in the non-volatile RAM. In addition, program

assignments in Multi mode are remembered. This allows complete instrument setups to be saved across power

downs.

Expanded Intonation Features

Version 1.6 supports seven user-definable intonation tables. In addition, fourteen ROM-based intonation tables

(designed by Wendy Carlos) are provided. The names, numbers and values of these tables are given in Appendix A.

The range of tuning adjustment available via the intonation table has been expanded to a full tri-tone (i.e., ±600

cents or 1/2 octave in each direction). This allows creation of unusual scales with notes that are very close together.

A new mechanism is provided for changing the intonation reference key over MIDI. When the Auto Ref Key

switch (available in the EDIT TUNE menu) is ON, MIDI Note On messages for key numbers 0 (C) thru 11 (B) will

change the reference key. Note that in MIDI, C0 = key number 12, so 0 thru 11 are seldom used. Thus, if you have

a controller that will transmit those key numbers, you can use it to change the reference key dynamically, allowing

real-time modulation while using a non-equal tempered tuning. (Again, thanks to Wendy Carlos for this idea!)

K150FS Version 1.6 Software 2

System Exclusive Message format

All system exclusive messages received and transmitted by the K150 have the following common format:

$F0 7 chan 15 cmd optional data ... $F7

where 7is the manufacturer ID (Kurzweil), chan is the basic MIDI channel number (0 thru 15), 15 is the product

ID (K150), cmd identifies the type of message and determines the format of the optional data.

The following commands (i.e., message types) are recognized:

1Load Master Parameter Block

2Dump Master Parameter Block

3Load Program

4Dump Program(s)

5Load Instrument Voice

6Dump Instrument Voice(s)

7Block Data Transfer

8Remote Button Push

9Transmit Display Text (request)

10 Display Text (acknowledgment to #9)

$7E NAK (multi-purpose)

$7F ACK (multi-purpose)

General Sequence for Block Data Dumps

Computer K150

send dump request send block data

send load request ACK

send block data ACK

Load/Dump Master Parameter Block

1 off-hi off-lo len-hi len-lo

2 off-hi off-lo len-hi len-lo

The Master Parameter block is 512 bytes of data which contains parameters such as master tune and transpose, the

velocity maps, intonation tables, and the program list. These commands may be used to load and dump portions of

this block. Each message contains the byte offset (sent as two 7 bit values) and length in bytes of the area to load or

dump. The actual data is transmitted using the block data message (see below).

Appendix B contains a description of the master parameter block and list of offsets and lengths of its contents.

Dump Program(s)

4 lo#-msb lo#-lsb hi#-msb hi#-lsb all-flag

This command may be used to request the K150 to dump one or more programs. Two program numbers are given

as a range over which to dump. Non-existent program numbers in the range are ignored. If the all-flag byte is

zero, only RAM based programs in the range are dumped. Otherwise, all programs are dumped. Each program is

transmitted as a separate block data message (see below). A final ACK is sent after the last program.

Computer K150

dump request ACK

block data (first program)

K150FS Version 1.6 Software 3

...

block data (last program)

ACK

Load Program

This command may be used to load a program into the K150. The next block data message should contain the

program. Since the program number is contained in the program data, no other data is required for this message

Computer K150

send load request ACK

send block data ACK

Dump Instrument Voice File

6 vno-msb vno-lsb model-flag

This command is used to request the 150 to dump one or more sound models (which together comprise an instru-

ment voice). The voice number is transmitted as two nibbles. Since voice files may be large, the model-flag

determines what portion of the voice data is transmitted. If it is zero, only the voice header (32 bytes) plus the sound

model headers (48 bytes/per model) are transmitted. If the flag is 127 ($7F), the entire voice file is sent (voice

header, model header, and all model data). Otherwise, the flag value is used as an index to select the N-th model in

the voice. The voice header, model header and model data are transmitted.

The format of voices and sound models are described in a separate document.

Load Instrument Voice File

5 v#-msb v#-lsb hln-msb hln-lsb lln-msb lln-lsb

This is command is used to request the 150 to load an instrument voice. The voice number is given as two nibbles

(one byte) and the total size of the voice is given as four nibbles (one word). The K150 will respond with ACK if it

is equipped with sound RAM and there is enough free space to load the voice. The computer should then transmit

the voice data as a single block data message (see below).

Block Data Message

7 msb lsb

All block data is transmitted and received in nibble-ized format. Each eight-bit data byte is sent as two four-bit

MIDI data bytes. The contents of a block data message depends on the type of load or dump request.

Remote Front Panel Control

Three commands implement the remote front panel feature. Command #8 allows you transmit any sequence of

button pushes to the K150. The optional data is simply the code numbers for the various buttons (given in Appendix

C). Command #9 is a request for the current contents of the display. The K150 responds with command #10. The

optional data will contain the display text (up to 32 characters). Periods are transmitted as separate characters and

flashing text is enclosed in curly braces.

Computer K150

sends button press responds appropriately

sends display request sends display text

displays text to user

K150FS Version 1.6 Software 4

Appendix A

K150 FS ROM Intonation Tables

Scale Step Name (Ref Key = C) and Number

C# DD# EFF# GG# AA# B

#Table Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

8Classic Just -29 4 16 -14 -2 -10 2 14 -16 18 -12

9Just with Harmonic b7th -29 4 16 -14 -2 -10 2 14 -16 -31 12

10 Harmonic 5 4 -2 -14 -29 -49 2 41 6 -31 -12

11 "Super Just" Harmonic 5 4 16 -14 -2 -49 2 41 -16 -31 -12

12 Werkmeister Circulating -8 -3 -3 -7 0-9 -1 -6 -6 -1 -9

13 1/5th Comma Meantone -16 -5 7-9 2-14 -2 9-7 5-12

14 1/4th Comma Meantone -24 -7 10 -14 3-21 -3 14 -10 7-17

15 Indian Raga -10 4-6 -16 -2 -12 2-8 -18 -4 -14

16 Arabic 30 -20 -50 -45 2 23 6 -14 -43 -70 10

17 Bali/Java Melodic Pelog 27 -58 -42 -123 -130 -126 -211 24 -61 -57 -142

18 Bali/Java Harmonic Pelog 51 -36 -26 -113 -125 -117 -204 51 -36 -27 -114

19 Bali/Java Slendro -65 -28 -25 -57 15 -85 -13 -46 -43 -5 -71

20 Tibetian Ceremonial -42 32 10 -22 22 18 25 -27 -4 19 -14

21 Carlos Alpha -12 -44 -66 -88 -110 -132 -164 -176 198 -220 -242

22 Pythagorean w/aug 4th -10 4-6 8-2 12 2 -8 6-4 10

23 Pythagorean w/dim 5th -10 4-6 8-2 -12 2-8 6-4 10

Appendix C

Front Panel Button Codes

78 9

10 0 11

20 21 22

23 24 25

17 18 19 1 2 3

26 16 27

K150FS Version 1.6 Software 5

Appendix B

Master Parameter List

Offset Length

Hi Lo Hi Lo Parameter Size

0 0 4 0 the whole thing 512 bytes

0 0 0 4 block ID: ’SLAB’ 4 bytes

0 4 0 2 software version 2 bytes

0 6 0 2 save sequence # 2 bytes

0 8 0 2 flag word #1 1 word

0 10 0 1 MIDI mode 1 byte

0 11 0 1 MIDI channel 1 byte

0 12 0 1 Master Tune 1 byte

0 13 0 1 Intonation flags 1 byte

0 14 0 1 Reference key # 1 byte

0 26 0 1 Master Transpose 1 byte

0 30 0 42 Velocity Maps 1 thru 7 42 bytes

0 30 0 6 Velocity Map #1 6 bytes

0 36 0 6 Velocity Map #2 6 bytes

0 42 0 6 Velocity Map #3 6 bytes

0 48 0 6 Velocity Map #4 6 bytes

0 54 0 6 Velocity Map #5 6 bytes

0 60 0 6 Velocity Map #6 6 bytes

0 66 0 6 Velocity Map #7 6 bytes

0 76 0 16 Channel program assignments 16 bytes

0 92 1 26 Intonation Tables 1 thru 7 77 words

0 92 0 22 Intonation Table #1 11 words

0 114 0 22 Intonation Table #2 11 words

1 8 0 22 Intonation Table #3 11 words

1 30 0 22 Intonation Table #4 11 words

1 52 0 22 Intonation Table #5 11 words

1 74 0 22 Intonation Table #6 11 words

1 96 0 22 Intonation Table #7 11 words

2 64 0 64 Assignable control table 64 bytes

3 0 1 0 Program list 128 bytes

K150FS Version 1.6 Software 6

Appendix D

Program and Block Structures

K150 Program Structure

program header

32 bytes

left region

0-7 layers

8 bytes/layer

center region

0-7 layers

8 bytes/layer

right region

0-7 layers

8 bytes/layer

prog# L/R-split K# #L #C #R

32+8*#L

32+8*#(L+C)

K150FS Version 1.6 Software 7

K150 Program Header

program name (8 characters)

0612182429

left bal

right bal

125Hz EQ 62Hz EQ500Hz EQ

8KHz EQ 4KHz EQ 2KHz EQ 1KHz EQ

250Hz EQ

91416

vib vibrato depth

cents vib symm

Nvibrato rate

0.1 Hz

4key pressure

23 16

30 60

pitch wheel

centscents vibrato delay

msec soft pedal

program # left split point

right split point MIDI key #MIDI key # layers

left right

center

036916

0 = triangle

1 = square

0 = above/below

1 = above

2 = below

3 = below/above

29 27 16 12 0

chorus delay

msec

decay

chorus detune

cents

extra

notes

K150FS Version 1.6 Software 8

K150 Layer Block Structure

30 0

20222429

balance

dB timbre level

0 = on

1 = off 0 = fixed

1 = slider

2 = balance 0 = off

1 = wheel

2 = press

3 = fixed

0 = off

1 = wheel

2 = press

3 = both

vib bnd

bal chr

voice number detune

cents mode timbre shift

semitones transpose

semitones

0 = normal

1 = slider

2 = velocity

3 = select (timbre shift = MIDI key #)

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