MGL Avionics V16 Betriebsanleitung
MGL Avionics
V16 Aviation band transceiver
User and Installation manual
Table of Contents
RF Exposure...............................................................................................................................4
FCC Statement............................................................................................................................4
Industry Canada approval notes.................................................................................................4
General........................................................................................................................................4
Document history........................................................................................................................4
Description..................................................................................................................................4
The Transmitter.......................................................................................................................5
The Receiver ..........................................................................................................................5
The intercom system...............................................................................................................
RX playback feature................................................................................................................
Power supply..........................................................................................................................7
Antenna...................................................................................................................................7
Digital control interfaces.........................................................................................................7
Applicable standards...................................................................................................................7
Specification table.......................................................................................................................8
General specifications............................................................................................................8
Audio input specifications.......................................................................................................9
Audio output specifications.....................................................................................................9
Audio, RX and TX filters........................................................................................................10
Transmitter self protection.........................................................................................................10
Transmitter low power option....................................................................................................11
Environmental qualification matrix............................................................................................11
V1 Connector pinout...............................................................................................................13
Typical connection diagrams.....................................................................................................14
Audio wiring..........................................................................................................................14
Audio signal wiring advice....................................................................................................15
Control heads and options........................................................................................................1
Pinout for 3.18” Razor and 2.25” Vega transceiver control head.........................................1
V1 with one or more control heads.....................................................................................17
V1 with a MGL Avionics EFIS system.................................................................................17
V1 plus N1 Navigation receiver........................................................................................17
V1 plus N1 with one or more control heads.....................................................................17
Electrical state interfaces..........................................................................................................18
PTT inputs.............................................................................................................................18
Intercom Switch/Playback switch..........................................................................................18
TX Interlock...........................................................................................................................18
RF feedback – cause and elimination.......................................................................................18
TX signal delay.....................................................................................................................19
RS232 and CAN bus communication protocols........................................................................19
Setup menu...............................................................................................................................19
Menu items...........................................................................................................................20
CAN bus addressing.................................................................................................................21
VSWR Antenna checks and tuning...........................................................................................22
What is a good antenna match ?..........................................................................................22
Reasons for a bad VSWR:....................................................................................................23
Tuning antennas...................................................................................................................23
Adjusting microphone levels.................................................................................................23
Mechanical dimensions........................................................................................................25
Materials ..............................................................................................................................25
RF E posure
This Transceiver generates RF electromagnetic energy while transmitting. For
compliance with RF exposure limits, the antenna gain should not exceed
0dBd (dipole antenna) and any persons should maintain a distance of at least
1m/3ft from the antenna during operation.
Do not operate this Transceiver in an explosive atmosphere.
FCC Statement
THIS DEVICE COMPLIES WITH PART 15 OF THE FCC RULES. OPERATION IS SUBJECT
TO THE FOLLOWING TWO CONDITIONS: (1) THIS DEVICE MAY NOT CAUSE HARMFUL
INTERFERENCE, AND (2) THIS DEVICE MUST ACCEPT ANY INTERFERENCE
RECEIVED, INCLUDING INTERFERENCE THAT MAY CAUSE UNDESIRED OPERATION.
FCC ID: 2ANEFV16
NOTE: THE GRANTEE IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY CHANGES OR
MODIFICATIONS NOT EXPRESSLY APPROVED BY THE PARTY RESPONSIBLE FOR
COMPLIANCE. SUCH MODIFICATIONS COULD VOID THE USER’S AUTHORITY TO
OPERATE THE EQUIPMENT.
Industry Canada approval notes
If this device is intended to be operated on board an aircraft, the V1 transceiver shall only be
operated in accordance with Regulation by Reference RBR-1, Technical Requirements for the
Operation of Mobile Stations in the Aeronautical Service, as issued by the Minister of Industry.
General
This manual documents the installation and use of the V1 air band transceiver. Please note
that operation of the transceiver with respect to settings such as frequency, volume etc is
done by the connected control panel. User interface varies by type of connected system.
Please refer to documentation for the connected equipment for details.
This manual describes available settings through the connected equipment in a generic way
that is applicable to all types.
Document history
1 November 2017, first release.
11 January 2018, added information on TX power tolerance and modulation characteristics.
20 July 2018, added Industry Canada note, added instruction on how to adjust microphone
levels.
Description
The V1 airband transceiver is a split module consisting out of the transceiver body and
optional external control. External control can take the form of one or more panel mount
control heads and/or control by an EFIS system.
The Transmitter
The transmitter is designed to deliver a 10W un-modulated carrier into a 50 ohm matched
antenna load. Modulation is controlled fully digitally to achieve to 70% modulation index by
means of asymmetric gain control of the modulating audio signal. This permits ideal use of
available carrier power while providing a very power efficient transmitter with low heat
generation, while at the same time maximizing range.
The modulator is realized as a class-D circuit greatly adding to the overall power efficiency of
this design.
An optional transmit interlock output/input is provided which may be used in systems
employing two transmitters from preventing simultaneous transmissions.
Two PTT inputs are provided, one for each intercom input. If desired, these inputs may be
joined into a single PTT switch.
The transmitter fulfills the bandwidth requirements for both 25Khz and 8.33Khz channel
spacing operations.
The Receiver
The receiver is implemented as a direct conversion architecture. The signal to be received is
converted directly to audio baseband using a dual receiver chain with two identical receivers.
One of these produces a slightly delayed signal. These signals are known as I and Q. They
are then converted into digital using very high quality 24 bit converters and all further signal
processing takes place in a high performance processor. Here the original carrier is recreated
from the I/Q signals and following extensive processing the audio signal is recovered from the
carrier while unwanted signals are rejected.
In order to meet latest ICAO requirements for FM band immunity the receiver employs a
surface acoustic wave RF filter before any active amplification to reject any out of band
signals before they can inter-modulate with wanted signals. The overall receiver architecture
is designed to be able to handle very strong in band and out of band signals while managing
at the same time to provide good sensitivity to very weak signals.
The Receiver is designed to be able to operate in any currently known receiver class within
the 25Khz and 8.33Khz channel spacing systems including offset carrier operations.
The Receiver can be operated in scanning mode. In this mode both main and standby
frequencies are monitored. If a signal is received on main frequency (as determined by RX
squelch opening) that signal is routed through and no scanning of the standby frequency
takes place for the duration of the RX.
If a signal is received on the standby frequency, this signal is routed through. However, the
main frequency is monitored several times per second. Should a transmission be received on
the main frequency while there is a transmission being received on the standby frequency the
receiver will immediately switch to the main frequency.
Monitoring the main frequency while receiving a signal on the standby frequency results in
very short breaks in the received audio (while the main channel is quickly checked). These
breaks last only a few milliseconds and do not result in loss of audibility of the received signal.
In order to further improve on this the receiver fills the short gaps with audio signal received
immediately prior to the switch over. This tends to mask the gaps almost completely.
The receiver includes a permanently enabled impulse noise suppressor implemented using
digital signal processing algorithms. This system detects impulse noise on the received carrier
frequency such as typically caused by ignition systems or other interference sources. As this
noise has distinct characteristics it can be removed from the received signal, in many cases
without leaving a trace.
Note that despite this the actual sensitivity of your V1 may still be reduced by interference.
The impulse noise suppressor however helps greatly in removing the audible effects of this
interference.
The intercom system
A two place VOX intercom system is provided. The intercom is implemented fully digital using
a 24 bit audio codec and achieves excellent audio quality. Microphone gain adjustment it
provided that operates over an unusually large range allowing great flexibility in choosing
compatible headsets and microphones. The microphone inputs provide a 8V DC bias for
standard aviation headset pre-amplifiers.
VOX level is adjustable over a wide range.
In addition it is possible to use the “intercom” input connected to a switch to “open” or “close”
the intercom in applications where the VOX system is not suitable.
One auxiliary input is provided with two gain settings. This allows muting the input to a lower
level (or switch it off) if voice activity is detected on either microphone input. The input is
suitable for use with mobile phones, MP3 music players or audio annunicators from EFIS
systems.
The audio output can drive a 8 ohm speaker up to 0.5W for base station use. In such a case it
is recommended to switch the side tone “off” in the setup to prevent audio feedback from
speaker to microphone.
RX playback feature
The Receiver has a very useful feature that records up to a minutes worth of received audio in
high quality. Only signals that open the squelch are recorded. The available storage can be
spread over several received transmissions in a first in last out fashion.
Recall of a last received transmission can be achieved in several ways:
By configuration of the “intercom” switch as “RX audio recall” in the setup. You can then use a
push button on the stick for example to easily recall a last reception.
By using a function provided in an attached control head or EFIS system. This may also be
activated by a button connected to such equipment in some cases.
To recall the last RX, simply push the button once. To recall the previous RX to this, press the
button again while the last RX is playing back. Repeat this for all recorded signals.
If you allow a recorded message to finish playback, pressing the button will again start with
the last recorded message.
Note: Any reception lasting less than one second will not be recorded (these are usually
“nuisance” squelch breaks due to a short transient signal).
Note: If squelch is open all the time (squelch value “0”) no recording takes place.
Power supply
The V1 airband transceiver is designed to be operated on a typical 12V DC aircraft power
system. The DC supply must be free of undesired transients and reasonably stable within the
acceptable supply voltage range of the V1 .
It is possible to operate the V1 on 24/28V DC power supplies as well.
For operation with compromised power sources on aircraft it is advised to consider external
power conditioning such as the MGL Avionics AvioGuard isolated power supply.
Antenna
The V1 airband transceiver is designed to operate with standard 50 ohm impedance aircraft
VHF antennas.
The modular nature of the V1 allows placement of the V1 closer to the antenna, reducing
antenna cable length and losses.
A built in SWR meter provides information on RF power at the connector and reflected power
from the antenna as a ratio. Depending on the connected control equipment this information
may be displayed in a diagnostics mode or during every transmission.
The antenna connector provides a DC isolated path to the antenna. This includes the cable
sheath. This means there is no possibility of a DC current path from aircraft skin via antenna
and cable through the radio. This protects the radio against ground faults and prevents
ground loops.
Digital control interfaces
The V1 airband transceiver provides two RS232 ports as well as a CAN bus interface.
The CAN bus is typically used with control heads from MGL Avionics.
RS232 port 1 may be used with EFIS systems. RS232 port 2 is not currently used.
Applicable standards
The V1 airband transceiver meets or improves on the following standards:
ETSO 2C1 9a VHF Radio communication receiving equipment operating within the radio
frequency range 117.875 – 137 MHz
TSO C1 9a Minimum Operational Performance standards for Airborne Radio
Communications equipment standards
ETSO 2C128 Devices that prevent blocked channels used in two-way radio communications
due to unintentional transmissions
TSO C128a Equipment that prevents blocked channels used in two-way radio
communications due to unintentional transmissions
FCC Part 87 Aviation Services (airborne and fixed ground stations)
FCC Part 15 radiated emissions
With reference to:
ICAO Annex 10 as amended.
Specification table
General specifications
Compliance ETSO 2C1 9a Class C, E, H1, H2, 4, , ETSO 2C128, TSO C1 9a
Class C, E, 4, , TSO C128a
FCC Identification 2ANEFV1
Documents EUROCAE ED-23C, EUROCAE ED- 7, EUROCAE ED-14F RTCA DO-
1 0F, RTCA DO-18 B, RTCA DO-207
Software Software ED-12B RTCA DO-178B Level C
Supply voltage 10-28VDC, DO-1 0 surge limiter active at 34V and higher.
Supply current RX: 0.3A at 13.8V, TX: 2.5A at 13.8V, TX into 50 ohm dummy load.
Operating
temperature
-20 to +55 degrees Celsius. Convection or forced air cooling
recommended if operated regularly at high ambient temperatures.
Frequency range 118.000 MHz to 13 .992 MHz, 25Khz and 8.33Khz channel spacing.
Compatible with offset carrier operations with either channel spacing.
TX Power High power option selected: 10W @13.8V, 8W @ 12V, W @ 10V
Low power option selected: 5W at any voltage above 9V.
Tolerance: +/-15%.
Note: Due to the asymmetric modulation scheme that aims to reduce
peak power needs, when modulated with a constant tone at maximum
modulation index average power will show a slight decrease when
measured with typical power meters. This decrease may be up to 10%
depending on signal characteristics.
Modulation AM 5K A3E, Modulation is digitally controlled to achieve a modulation
index of 70%, hard limited to a maximum of 80%. Modulation depth is
regulated independently for positive and negative waves.
Undesired out of
channel TX
products
<- 0db referred to unmodulated carrier at maximum power
Stuck PTT timeout 35 seconds
RX sensitivity -107dbm @ 127Mhz for + db S+N/N, 30% modulation, 1Khz, (0.3-
2.9Khz bandwidth) -109dbm for 8.33Khz channels (0.3-2.4Khz
bandwidth)
RX Large signal +9dbm @127Mhz, off-channel blockers >+15dbm
RX audio
unwanted signals
including
distortion products
Less than -50db referred to 30% modulated carrier typical up to large
signal limit.
Adjacent channel
suppression
>80db typical
LO leakage into
antenna
connector
<-100dbm
RX bandwidths 21Khz @ 25Khz spacing, 7. Khz @ 8.33Khz spacing (offset carrier
possible on either 25Khz or 8.33Khz according to ICAO
recommendations)
RX Squelch Manual level with automatic adjustment within fixed range of manual
setting. Adjustment range: Off + -100dbm to -70dbm in 32 steps.
Audio RX
recording time
Approximately 1 minute of combined active RX (multiple RX message
storage and playback). Audio compression 1 bit ADPCM @ 1 Khz.
Digital audio I/Q sampling: 24 bits @ 32Khz, Audio: 24Bits @ 1 Khz
Weights 300 grams, complete unit.
120 grams, functional PCB with shielding plate excluding housing (as
OEM module for integration into third party systems)
Dimensions Mounted height 31mm
Width 88mm
Depth (including flanges) 1 7mm
Depth (excluding flanges) 142mm
Audio input specifications
Microphone inputs Gain range -12db
to +35.25db
At -12db, input voltage of 1.5Vpp clips
At +35.25db input voltage of 20mVpp clips
Typical gain setting for aviation headset: +12db
Input impedance 240 ohms A/C. 8V DC microphone
bias via 470 ohms.
Auxiliary input Gain range -15db
to + db
Maximum input level 2Vpp
Typical level required for normal volume at + db is
100mVpp.
Input impedance 47KOhm.
Audio output specifications
Output impedance 8 ohms. Suitable for connection of high impedance headphones.
Output power 0.2W low distortion. Up to 0.5W at 1% distortion.
Maximum voltage
swing
5Vpp (1W into 8 ohms)
.5Vpp into 300 ohms
Typical voltage swing
for 00 ohm aviation
headsets
1Vpp-2Vpp
Frequency response
audio power amplifier
200Hz to 20Khz at 8 ohms load, lower limit decreases with lower
loading (100uF output coupling capacitor)
Volume control range 32 steps of 3db each. Total control range = 9 db.
Notes: V1 can be operated with RX and Intercom volume set as one or these can be spit
into separate volume controls. This depends on the corrected heads or control system.
In case of spit operations, the above table applies for both audio sources.
Audio, RX and TX filters
Microphone inputs Pilot and PAX 350-2900Hz, Butterworth 4 pole BP
TX modulator 25Khz 0-2900Hz, Butterworth 4 pole LP
TX modulator 8.33Khz 0-2400Hz, Butterworth 4 pole LP
AGC 0-5Hz, Bessel 4 pole LP, step response 0.1
second to 95% of final value.
RX audio 25Khz 200-2900Hz, Butterworth 4 pole BP
RX audio 8.33Khz 200-2400Hz, Butterworth 4 pole BP
Channel filter 25Khz 0-10500Hz, Butterworth 8 pole LP + 3 pole
R/C LP at ~15Khz
Channel filter 8.33Khz 0-3900Hz, Butterworth 8 pole LP + 3 pole
R/C LP at ~15Khz
RX anti aliasing 1 Khz FIR > 0db stop band (adds to
channel filtering)
Sidetone audio filter 0-2900Hz, Butterworth 4 pole LP
Transmitter self protection
The transmitter is designed to derate output power if:
a) Temperature in the immediate surrounding of the output power transistor exceeds 90
degrees Celsius. Maximum temperature derating of power is 50% and this is reached at a
temperature of 100 degrees Celsius.
b) VSWR exceeds a value of 3.0. Power will be linearly reduced up to a maximum of 50%
reduction which is reached at a VSWR value of 5.0 (44% reflected power from antenna).
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