National Instruments NI-488.2 Bedienungsanleitung

NI-488.2™

NI-488.2 User Manual

for Windows

NI-488.2 User Manual for Windows

June 1999 Edition

Part Number 321819D-01

Worldwide Technical Support and Product Information

www.natinst.com

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Important Information

Warranty

The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute programming

instructions, due to defects in materials and workmanship, for a period of 90 days from date of shipment, as evidenced

by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace software media that do not

execute programming instructions if National Instruments receives notice of such defects during the warranty period.

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HS488™, natinst.com™, NI-488.2™, and TNT4882™C are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation.

Product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies.

WARNING REGARDING MEDICAL AND CLINICAL USE OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS

National Instruments products are not designed with components and testing for a level of reliability suitable for use in

or in connection with surgical implants or as critical components in any life support systems whose failure to perform

can reasonably be expected to cause significant injury to a human. Applications of National Instruments products

involving medical or clinical treatment can create a potential for death or bodily injury caused by product failure, or by

errors on the part of the user or application designer. Because each end-user system is customized and differs from

National Instruments testing platforms and because a user or application designer may use National Instruments products

in combination with other products in a manner not evaluated or contemplated by National Instruments, the user or

application designer is ultimately responsible for verifying and validating the suitability of National Instruments products

whenever National Instruments products are incorporated in a system or application, including, without limitation,

the appropriate design, process and safety level of such system or application.

©National Instruments Corporation v NI-488.2 User Manual for Windows

Contents

About This Manual

Using the NI-488.2 Documentation...............................................................................xi

Accessing the NI-488.2 Online Help...............................................................xi

Conventions ...................................................................................................................xii

Related Documentation..................................................................................................xii

Chapter 1

Introduction

Setting up and Configuring Your System......................................................................1-1

Controlling More Than One Interface.............................................................1-2

Configuration Requirements ...........................................................................1-2

Chapter 2

Measurement & Automation Explorer

Overview........................................................................................................................2-1

Starting Measurement & Automation Explorer.............................................................2-2

Getting Started with NI-488.2 .......................................................................................2-2

Troubleshoot NI-488.2 Problems ..................................................................................2-4

Add a New GPIB Interface............................................................................................2-4

Delete a GPIB Interface.................................................................................................2-5

Scan for GPIB Instruments............................................................................................2-5

Instruments Not Found....................................................................................2-6

Instruments Enumeration Failed......................................................................2-6

Communicate with Your Instrument .............................................................................2-6

Basic Communication (Query/Write/Read)....................................................2-6

Advanced Communication..............................................................................2-7

View NI-488.2 Software Version..................................................................................2-8

Monitor, Record, and Display NI-488.2 Calls...............................................................2-8

View or Change GPIB Interface Settings......................................................................2-9

Windows 98/95................................................................................................2-9

Windows 2000/NT ..........................................................................................2-10

View GPIB Instrument Information ..............................................................................2-11

Change GPIB Device Templates...................................................................................2-12

Windows 98/95................................................................................................2-12

Windows 2000/NT ..........................................................................................2-13

Enable/Disable NI-488.2 DOS Support.........................................................................2-13

Windows 98/95................................................................................................2-13

Windows 2000/NT ..........................................................................................2-14

Contents

NI-488.2 User Manual for Windows vi www.natinst.com

Access Additional Help and Resources.........................................................................2-14

NI-488.2 Online Help .....................................................................................2-14

National Instruments GPIB Web Site.............................................................2-15

View or Change GPIB-ENET Network Settings (Windows 98/95 Only) ....................2-15

Assign IP Address...........................................................................................2-15

Configure Advanced IP Settings.....................................................................2-15

Update GPIB-ENET Firmware.......................................................................2-16

Chapter 3

Developing Your NI-488.2 Application

Simple Instrument Control............................................................................................3-1

Interactive Instrument Control ......................................................................................3-2

Choosing Your Programming Methodology................................................................. 3-3

Choosing a Method to Access the NI-488.2 Driver........................................3-3

NI-488.2 Language Interfaces.......................................................... 3-3

Direct Entry Access..........................................................................3-3

Choosing How to Use the NI-488.2 API ........................................................3-4

Communicating with a Single GPIB Device....................................3-4

Using Multiple Interfaces and/or Multiple Devices .........................3-5

Checking Status with Global Variables.........................................................................3-5

Status Word (ibsta)..........................................................................................3-5

Error Variable (iberr) ...................................................................................... 3-7

Count Variables (ibcnt and ibcntl)..................................................................3-7

Using Interactive Control to Communicate with Devices.............................................3-7

Programming Models....................................................................................................3-8

Applications That Communicate with a Single GPIB Device........................3-8

Items to Include ................................................................................3-8

General Program Steps and Examples..............................................3-8

Applications That Use Multiple Interfaces or Communicate with

Multiple GPIB Devices................................................................................3-10

Items to Include ................................................................................3-10

General Program Steps and Examples..............................................3-10

Language-Specific Programming Instructions..............................................................3-12

Microsoft Visual C/C++ (Version 2.0 or Later) .............................................3-12

Borland C/C++ (Version 4.0 or Later)............................................................3-12

Visual Basic (Version 4.0 or Later)................................................................3-13

Direct Entry with C.........................................................................................3-13

gpib-32.dll Exports...........................................................................3-13

Directly Accessing the gpib-32.dll Exports...................................... 3-14

Running Existing NI-488.2 Applications...................................................................... 3-17

Running Existing Win32 and Win16 NI-488.2 Applications.........................3-17

Running Existing DOS NI-488.2 Applications Under Windows 98/95......... 3-17

Running Existing DOS NI-488.2 Applications under Windows 2000/NT..... 3-18

Contents

©National Instruments Corporation vii NI-488.2 User Manual for Windows

Chapter 4

Debugging Your Application

NI Spy............................................................................................................................4-1

Global Status Variables .................................................................................................4-2

Existing Applications.....................................................................................................4-3

NI-488.2 Error Codes ....................................................................................................4-3

Configuration Errors......................................................................................................4-3

Timing Errors.................................................................................................................4-4

Communication Errors...................................................................................................4-5

Repeat Addressing...........................................................................................4-5

Termination Method........................................................................................4-5

Other Errors ...................................................................................................................4-5

Chapter 5

NI Spy Utility

Overview........................................................................................................................5-1

Starting NI Spy ..............................................................................................................5-1

Using the NI Spy Online Help.......................................................................................5-2

Locating Errors with NI Spy..........................................................................................5-2

Viewing Properties for Recorded Calls .........................................................................5-2

Exiting NI Spy ...............................................................................................................5-3

Performance Considerations..........................................................................................5-3

Chapter 6

Interactive Control Utility

Overview........................................................................................................................6-1

Getting Started with Interactive Control........................................................................6-1

Interactive Control Syntax.............................................................................................6-4

Number Syntax................................................................................................6-4

String Syntax...................................................................................................6-4

Address Syntax................................................................................................6-5

Interactive Control Commands......................................................................................6-5

Status Word....................................................................................................................6-10

Error Information...........................................................................................................6-10

Count Information..........................................................................................................6-11

Contents

NI-488.2 User Manual for Windows viii www.natinst.com

Chapter 7

NI-488.2 Programming Techniques

Termination of Data Transfers ......................................................................................7-1

High-Speed Data Transfers (HS488).............................................................................7-2

Enabling HS488..............................................................................................7-2

System Configuration Effects on HS488........................................................7-3

Waiting for GPIB Conditions........................................................................................7-4

Asynchronous Event Notification in Win32 NI-488.2 Applications ............................ 7-4

Calling the ibnotify Function.......................................................................... 7-4

ibnotify Programming Example......................................................................7-5

Writing Multithreaded Win32 NI-488.2 Applications..................................................7-9

Device-Level Calls and Bus Management....................................................................7-11

Talker/Listener Applications.........................................................................................7-11

Serial Polling.................................................................................................................7-12

Service Requests from IEEE 488 Devices......................................................7-12

Service Requests from IEEE 488.2 Devices...................................................7-12

Automatic Serial Polling.................................................................................7-13

Stuck SRQ State ...............................................................................7-13

Autopolling and Interrupts................................................................7-14

SRQ and Serial Polling with Device-Level Traditional NI-488.2 Calls......... 7-14

SRQ and Serial Polling with Multi-Device NI-488.2 Calls............................7-15

Example 1: Using FindRQS .............................................................7-16

Example 2: Using AllSpoll...............................................................7-16

Parallel Polling ..............................................................................................................7-17

Implementing a Parallel Poll...........................................................................7-17

Parallel Polling with Traditional NI-488.2 Calls..............................7-17

Parallel Polling with Multi-Device NI-488.2 Calls..........................7-19

Appendix A

GPIB Basics

Appendix B

Status Word Conditions

Appendix C

Error Codes and Solutions

Appendix D

Windows 98/95: Troubleshooting and Common Questions

Contents

©National Instruments Corporation ix NI-488.2 User Manual for Windows

Appendix E

Windows 2000/NT: Common Questions

Appendix F

Technical Support Resources

Glossary

Index

Figures

Figure 1-1. Linear and Star System Configuration..................................................1-1

Figure 1-2. Example of Multiboard System Configuration.....................................1-2

Figure 2-1. Measurement & Automation Explorer..................................................2-2

Figure 2-2. Viewing Documentation on Your CD...................................................2-3

Figure 2-3. NI-488.2 Troubleshooting Wizard ........................................................2-4

Figure 2-4. NI-488.2 Communicator .......................................................................2-7

Figure 2-5. NI-488.2 Calls Recorded by NI Spy .....................................................2-9

Figure 2-6. Properties Dialog Box in Windows 98/95.............................................2-10

Figure 2-7. GPIB Configuration Utility in Windows NT ........................................2-11

Figure 3-1. NI-488.2 Communicator .......................................................................3-2

Figure 4-1. NI-488.2 Calls Recorded by NI Spy .....................................................4-2

Figure 5-1. NI-488.2 Calls Recorded by NI Spy .....................................................5-2

Figure 6-1. Instrument Address in Measurement & Automation Explorer .............6-2

Figure A-1. GPIB Address Bits ................................................................................A-2

Tables

Table 2-1. Measurement & Automation Explorer Instrument Information............2-12

Table 3-1. Status Word Layout...............................................................................3-6

Table 6-1. Syntax for Device-Level Traditional NI-488.2 Calls in

Interactive Control.................................................................................6-5

Contents

NI-488.2 User Manual for Windows x www.natinst.com

Table 6-2. Syntax for Board-Level Traditional NI-488.2 Calls in

Interactive Control ................................................................................6-7

Table 6-3. Syntax for Multi-Device NI-488.2 Calls in Interactive Control........... 6-8

Table 6-4. Auxiliary Functions in Interactive Control...........................................6-9

Table A-1. GPIB Handshake Lines.........................................................................A-3

Table A-2. GPIB Interface Management Lines ......................................................A-3

Table B-1. Status Word Layout ..............................................................................B-1

Table C-1. GPIB Error Codes.................................................................................C-1

Table D-1. Device Manager Status Codes..............................................................D-3

©National Instruments Corporation xi NI-488.2 User Manual for Windows

About This Manual

This manual describes the features and functions of the NI-488.2 software

for Windows. You can use the NI-488.2 software for Windows with

Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT version 4.0, or Windows 2000.

This manual assumes that you are already familiar with Windows.

Using the NI-488.2 Documentation

The following NI-488.2 documentation is available on your NI-488.2 for

Windows CD:

•The Getting Started card briefly describes how to install the NI-488.2

software and your GPIB hardware.

•This manual, NI-488.2 User Manual for Windows, describes the

features and functions of the NI-488.2 software for Windows.

•The NI-488.2 Function Reference Manual for Windows describes the

NI-488.2 API.

•The GPIB Hardware Guide contains detailed instructions on how to

install and configure your GPIB hardware. This guide also includes

hardware and software specifications and compliance information.

To view these documents online, insert your NI-488.2 for Windows CD.

When the NI-488.2 Software for Windows screen appears, select the

View Documentation option. The View Documentation Wizard helps you

find the documentation that you want to view. You can also view these

documents at http://www.natinst.com/manuals/.

Accessing the NI-488.2 Online Help

The NI-488.2 for Windows Online Help addresses questions you might

have about NI-488.2, includes troubleshooting information, and describes

the NI-488.2 API. You can access the NI-488.2 online help as follows:

1. Select Start»Programs»National Instruments NI-488.2»Explore

GPIB.

2. Expand the DevicesandInterfaces directory by clicking on the + next

to the folder.

3. Right-click on your GPIB interface and select NI-488.2 Help from the

drop-down menu that appears.

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