Nautel NX100 Programmierhandbuch
NX100 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms
Issue 3.2 2016-02-08 Page 1-1
Section 1: Responding to alarms
This section provides instructions you need when performing troubleshooting on the NX100
transmitter. This section includes the following topics:
•Corrective maintenance
•Electrostatic protection - see page 1-3
•Identifying an alarm - see page 1-4
•Responding to alarms - see page 1-20
•Troubleshooting RF power modules - see page 1-29
•OtherModule Replacement Procedures - see page 1-19
If none of the procedures and alarms described in this section address your problem, contact Nautel
for assistance.
Corrective maintenance
Corrective maintenance procedures consist of identifying and correcting defects or deficiencies that
arise during transmitter operation. Local and/or remote alarm signals are generated when a
malfunction occurs. If an alarm condition is caused by a malfunction in the RF power stage, the
transmitter may maintain operation at a reduced RF output level. The nature of the fault – and station
policy – will dictate whether an immediate maintenance response is necessary. Fault analysis and
rectification may be conducted from three different levels, with a different technical competence level
required for each: on-air troubleshooting, remote or local, and off-air troubleshooting.
On-air troubleshooting
On-air troubleshooting can be performed from a remote location, or locally at the transmitter site.
CAUTION:
The transmitter contains many solid state devices that may be damaged if
subjected to excessive heat or high voltage transients. Every effort must be taken
to ensure that circuits are not overdriven or disconnected from their loads while
turned on.
NX100 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms
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Remote troubleshooting
Remote on-air troubleshooting consists of monitoring the transmitter's radiated signal using an on-air
monitor, and observing the status of each remote fault alarm indicator. Information obtained from
these sources should enable an operator to decide whether an alarm response may be deferred to a
more convenient time, an immediate corrective action must be taken, or if a standby transmitter must
be enabled (if one is available). It is recommended that the significance of remote indications, and the
appropriate responses, be incorporated into a station's standard operating procedures. Refer to
“Identifying an alarm” on page 1-4 to determine the remedial action required for a given fault.
Local troubleshooting
Local on-air troubleshooting consists of monitoring the transmitter's integral meters and fault alarm
indicators. Analysis of this data will normally identify the type of fault, and in most cases will
determine what corrective action must be taken. Refer to “Identifying an alarm” on page 1-4 to
determine the remedial action required for a given fault.
The power amplifier stage contains an integral modular reserve (IMR) feature. This feature permits
the transmitter to operate at a reduced RF output level when a malfunction occurs in one of its power
modules. Station operating procedures will dictate whether a reduced RF output level is acceptable.
When a reduced RF output level can be tolerated, replacement of the defective RF power module
may be deferred to a convenient time.
A defective RF power module may be removed from the transmitter for servicing, while the
transmitter is operating, provided that the conditions in the removal instructions detailed in
“Removing an RF power module” on page 1-24 are met.
Off-air troubleshooting
Off-air troubleshooting must be performed when the replacement of a defective RF power amplifier
module, or routine on-air calibration adjustments, will not restore operation.
It is recommended that the transmitter’s output be connected to a precision 50 :resistive dummy
load (rated for at least the maximum transmitter power rating) before starting off-air troubleshooting
procedures. If an appropriate dummy load is not available, troubleshooting for a majority of faults
can be performed with RF power stage turned off. The transmitter may remain connected to its
antenna system for these procedures.
NOTE:
Reduce the RF output level to a minimal value when troubleshooting faults in the power
amplifier stage while the transmitter’s RF output is connected to the antenna system.
NX100 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms
Issue 3.2 2016-02-08 Page 1-3
Electrostatic protection
The transmitter's assemblies contain semiconductor devices that are susceptible to damage from
electrostatic discharge. The following precautions must be observed when handling an assembly
which contains these devices.
Electrical discharging of personnel
Personnel should be electrically discharged by a suitable grounding system (e.g., anti-static mats,
grounding straps) when removing an assembly from the transmitter, and while handling the assembly
for maintenance procedures.
Handling/Storage
An assembly should be placed in an anti-static bag when it is not installed in a host transmitter, or
when it is not undergoing maintenance. Electronic components should be stored in anti-static
materials.
Tools/Test equipment
Testing and maintenance equipment – including soldering and unsoldering tools – should be suitable
for contact with static sensitive semiconductor devices.
Stress current protection
Every precaution should be taken to ensure the static sensitive semiconductor devices are protected
from unnecessary stress current. This is achieved by ensuring that current is not flowing when an electrical
connection is broken, and that voltages are not present on external control/monitoring circuits when they are connected.
CAUTION:
Electrostatic energy is produced when two insulating materials are rubbed
together. A person wearing rubber-soled shoes, walking across a nylon carpet or a
waxed floor, can generate an extremely large electrostatic charge. This effect is
magnified during periods of low humidity. Semiconductor devices such as
integrated circuits, field-effect transistors, thyristors and Schottky diodes may be
damaged by this high voltage unless adequate precautions are taken.
NX100 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms
Page 1-4 Issue 3.2 2016-02-08
Identifying an alarm
The best way to identify an alarm is by viewing the front panel’s Transmitter Status page
(Figure 1.1). If an alarm exists, the Status button at the bottom of the AUI display will be red. Press
or click the Status button to go to the Transmitter Status page.
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1. View the list of active faults by pressing the Alarms tab. Alarms are listed by their origin
(Device column), then by name (Alarm column), and then by severity [a single yellow !
indicates low severity (RF output not affected), a single orange ! indicates medium severity
(RF output is reduced), two red ! indicates high severity (RF output is inhibited); see Level
column]. See “List of current alarms” on page 1-5.
2. Attempt to clear any latching alarms by pressing the Reset button on the bottom banner of
the page. If the alarm persists, it will not be cleared from the display.
3. Refer to Table 1.1 on page 1-6 for troubleshooting tips on the offending alarm(s), which may
also reference replacement and subsequent re-calibration procedures. Note the origin of the
alarm (i.e., contained within Controller, Exciter, Rack # or Module # sub-system folders).
NX100 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms
Issue 3.2 2016-02-08 Page 1-5
4. If the troubleshooting and subsequent replacement of a suspect PWB or RF power module
does not remove the fault condition, contact Nautel.
List of current alarms
If an alarm exists and is being recognized by the transmitter, it is displayed under the Alarms tab of
the transmitter status page (see Figure 1.1 on page 1-4). The Device name indicates the sub-system
origin of the alarm. The sub-systems that can be displayed are:
– Controller: All alarms in this sub-system apply to the controller.
– Exciter A: All alarms in this sub-system apply to exciter A.
– Exciter B: All alarms in this sub-system apply to exciter B.
– Rack #: All alarms in this sub-system apply to the associated rack (or cabinet).
– Module #: All alarms in this sub-system apply to the associated RF power module.
Table 1.1 on page 1-6 contains a column for most Alarms that can occur, sorted alphanumerically for
each sub-system. The Description and Troubleshooting Action column provides a brief description
of the alarm, troubleshooting tips and a cross-reference to more detailed troubleshooting, as
applicable.
NOTE:
Before undertaking any troubleshooting, record all AUI meter readings and note if any other
alarms are displayed on the Transmitter Status page. Record all alarms. The most
convenient way to do this is by using a web browser over a LAN connection to save screen shots
of critical status, meter and alarm pages. From the Meters page, press the information (!)
button for each sub-device (Controller, Exciter and Module) to view (and save) detailed
information.
NX100 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms
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