Neumann.Berlin KM 84 Bedienungsanleitung

neumann.berlin

the microphone company

KM 84 - 48 Volt Phantom Powered

From the very start, Neumann has maintained close rela-

tions with the people using its products. The suggestions,

wishes and demmands of these important customers often

lead to the development of new standards and the intro-

duction of novel techniques. One particularly important

development began with a

visit by Neumann staff to

Oslo, Norway, in 1966.

Norwegian State Televi-

sion planned to outfit a

new station which would

use transistor-based micro-

phones. Instead of using

the German 12 Volt wire

circuit system, the engi-

neers wished to use the

station’s existing central

48 Volt DC system. Neu-

mann suggested a circuit in which the microphone could

be operated with this 48 Volt supply by dividing the volt-

age across the two modulation pins and developing the nec-

essary current in reference to the cable shield.

This system is devised by using two matching 6.8 kOhm

resistors where the positive pole of both modulation wires

are fed to these resistors and recovered in the microphone.

Due to the high degree of balance (because of the careful-

ly matched resistors), no potential difference voltage ex-

ists between the modulation wires. Thus the term “Phan-

tom Power” has come to be understood as a powering sys-

tem where no voltage is developed between the modula-

tion pins of the microphone and thus “does not appear”

unless used with a corresponding microphone.

This type of powering sys-

tem has several advantag-

es, one being particularly

important in standard ap-

plications. Phantom pow-

ering allows for the con-

nection of dynamic and

ribbon mics without dam-

age. All microphones with

a symmetrical, unground-

ed output can also be used

with this powering

scheme. Even tube micro-

phones, with their sepa-

rate power supplies, can be

connected to a Phantom

supply without problems.

The first microphone

made with this technolo-

gy was the Neumann

KM 84, a miniature mi-

crophone with a near per-

fect cardioid characteristic

(due to the excellent

KM 64 capsule it con-

tains). The circuit was

made quite small so that

the mic could be made

with a diameter of only

21 mm and a length of

110 mm. With phantom

powering, a truly “minia-

ture microphone” was now possible!

The KM 84 was designed with a 10 dB attenuation switch,

therefore allowing the microphone to be used up close with

loud instruments. By placing the pad at the gate of the field-

effect transistor (FET), this “pre-attenuation” prevents the

hot capsule signal from overloading the front end of the

amplifier. With the switch on, a sound pressure level of

130 dB can pass through without distortion.

What began as a modest interest in this new type of pow-

ering (and using a new connector for microphones) in 1966

resulted with the KM 84 as being one of the great success

stories in Neumann’s history. Following its introduction,

all microphone manufacturers began to produce or modi-

fy models for 48 volt phantom powering and this system

has since become the world standard for condenser micro-

phone powering.

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