PASCO PI-8127 Bedienungsanleitung

Instruction Manual

012-10425A

Function Generator

PI-8127

Included Equipment Part Number

Function Generator

AC to 15 V DC, 1.6 A power adapter (not shown) 540-057

Examples of Compatible PASCO Equipment (See the PASCO Catalog for details)

Mechanical Wave Driver SF-9324

Open Speaker WA-9900

AC/DC Electronics Laboratory EM-8656

RLC Circuit Board CI-6512

Output

jacks

(4 mm)

Resolution

Selection

buttons

Output

Standby

button

Power

button

Liquid

Crystal

Display

(LCD)

Frequency Adjust

knob and Range

Selection button

Waveform

Selection

button

Voltage

Adjust

knob and

Selection

button

Function Generator Introduction

Introduction

The PASCO Function Generator outputs waveforms that include DC (direct current)

as well as sine, square, triangle, positive ramp, and negative ramp with a frequency

range of 0.001 Hz (hertz) to 100 kHz (kilohertz). The sine waveworm retains its form

up to a frequency of 150 kHz, but the other waveforms will show some distortion

above 100 kHz. Its 10 watt power output (up to 10 volts and up to 1 amp) makes it

useful for driving speakers, string vibrators, and circuits.

Features

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD): The liquid crystal display (LCD) shows

frequency, voltage, current, and waveform. The lower right section of the

LCD also shows other information such as the voltage offset of the out-

put, if any, whether a frequency sweep is on, and whether the output is on

standby.

Frequency/Range Selection: There are two frequency ranges: 0.001 Hz

to 999.999 Hz, and 0.001 kHz to 100.000 kHz (150 kHz for the sine

waveform). When the Function Generator is first turned on, the default

frequency is 1.000 kHz. Press the Frequency Adjust knob as if it were a button to

switch between ranges.

Output Standby: Pushing the Output Standby button disables the output without

changing settings. This allows you to change settings with the output off. Press the

button again to enable the output.

Output Current/Voltage Maximum: The maximum current or maximum voltage

can be set using a menu. This is useful when the voltage applied to a circuit needs to

be limited. The LCD displays the output voltage and current.

Offset Voltage: Any waveform can be offset up or down with a DC voltage ranging

from -10 V to +10 V, provided the peak voltage does not exceed 10 V.

Frequency Sweep: Sweep between two frequencies at a selectable rate.

Operation

Power: Connect the plug from the AC-to-15 V DC adapter to the power jack on the

lower right corner of the back panel of the Function Generator. Connect the power

cord for the adapter to an appropriate electrical outlet.

On/Off: To turn the Function Generator on, press the Power button on the

lower left corner of the front panel. Press the Power button again to turn

the Function Generator off.

Default Settings: The displayed default settings when the Function Gen-

erator is first turned on are 1.000 kHz (frequency), 0.00 V (output volt-

age), 0.00 A (output current), and sine wave (waveform). The waveform

symbol is shown at the lower left corner of the LCD.

Settings that are not shown by default are the voltage offset (0.00 V) and

the voltage limit (maximum voltage), which is 10.0 V, the short circuit current limit

(maximum current), which is 1.50 A, the backlight setting (“High”), and the sweep

setting (“Off”). See the Menus section for more information.

Power jack

Displayed Default Settings

LCD shows frequency, voltage,

current, and waveform as well as other information

such as the voltage offset and sweep condition.

Model No.PI-8127 Operation

Output: Connect a device such as a speaker, wave driver, or electrical circuit to the

output jacks at the lower right corner of the front panel.

Frequency Adjust

The Frequency Adjust knob serves two purposes. Turn the knob to change the fre-

quency. Press the end of the knob as if it were a button to toggle between the two fre-

quency ranges.

Range Selection: The default range is 0.001 kHz to 100.000 kHz or 150.000 kHz for

the sine waveform (other waveforms are distorted above 100 kHz). The other range is

0.001 Hz to 999.999 Hz. Press the end of the Frequency Adjust knob as if it were a

button to switch between ranges. The default frequency for the lower range is 1.000

Hz.

Frequency Adjust: The default frequency for the default range is 1.000 kHz. Notice

that the “1” is underlined in the display. This indicates that this is the digit that will

change first when you turn the knob. For example, turn the knob one “click” to the

right (clockwise), and the frequency increases to 2.000 kHz. Each “click” to the right

(clockwise) or left (counterclockwise) will increment or decrement the digit that is

underlined in the display. When you reach 9.000 kHz, the next “click” to the right

will change the frequency to 10.000 kHz. Notice that the underline stays

below the “ones” place. Turning the frequency knob one more “click” to the

right changes the frequency to 11.000 kHz.

As a second example, if the frequency is 1.000 kHz, turning the Frequency Adjust

knob one “click” to the left (counterclockwise) does not decrease the frequency to

0.000 kHz. Instead, the frequency stays at 1.000 kHz (it is not possible to have zero

frequency). To lower the frequency, press the right-hand Resolution Selection button

to move the underline to the right (1.000 kHz) and then turn the Frequency Adjust

knob counterclockwise one “click” to decrease the frequency to 0.900 kHz.

Resolution Selection: Use the Resolution Selection buttons beneath the Frequency

Adjust knob to change the active (underlined) digit in the display. Pushing the left

button moves the underline to the left and pushing the right button moves the under-

line to the right.

Use both the Frequency Adjust knob and the Resolution Selection buttons to set the

frequency. Remember that you can push the OUTPUT STANDBY button to disable

the output while you adjust the frequency, and then push the button again to enable

the output when you have the frequency set the way you want.

Clear Feature: While adjusting the frequency, you can clear (zero) all the digits to

the right of the underline cursor by pressing the Voltage Adjust knob as if it were a

button.

Voltage Adjust

The Voltage Adjust knob serves three purposes.

• Turn the knob to change the output voltage.

• When the LCD shows the waveform list or the menu, turn the Voltage Adjust

knob to move the pointer up or down in the list or in the menu.

• Press the knob as if it were a button to select a choice from the waveform list or

from the menu.

Press the Frequency Adjust

knob to change the range.

NOTE: You can conveniently go

to the lowest frequency without

overshooting by rapidly turning

the Frequency Adjust knob.

Resolution Selection buttons

Press the Voltage Adjust

knob to select a waveform

or menu item

NOTE:

To set up the frequency, volt-

age, and other parameters

without outputting a signal,

press the OUTPUT

STANDBY button.

Make the adjustments, and

press the OUTPUT

STANDBY button again to

begin the signal.

Function Generator Operation

Voltage Adjust: To move the underline from the Frequency part of the

LCD to the Voltage part of the LCD, turn the Voltage Adjust knob one

“click” to the left or right. Notice that the underline is below the “ones”

place in the display (0.00 V). Turn the knob one “click” to the right

(clockwise) to increase the voltage output.

Each “click” to the right (clockwise) or left (counterclockwise) will incre-

ment or decrement the digit that is underlined in the display. When you

reach 9.00 V the next “click” to the right will change the voltage to 10.00

V. Notice that the underline stays below the “ones” place.

Resolution Selection: Use the Resolution Selection buttons below the Frequency

Adjust knob to change the active (underlined) digit in the voltage display. Pushing the

left button moves the underline to the left and pushing the right button moves the

underline to the right.

Use both the Voltage Adjust knob and the Resolution Selection buttons to set the volt-

age. Remember that you can push the OUTPUT STANDBY button to disable the out-

put while you adjust the voltage, and then push the button again to enable the output

when you have the voltage set the way you want.

To move the underline back to the Frequency part of the LCD, turn the Frequency

Adjust knob one “click” to the left or right.

Waveforms

Press the WAVEFORM button to open the first waveform menu. The menu shows

five choices (Sine, Square, Triangle, Positive Ramp, and Negative Ramp) with the

pointer at Sine. Turn the Voltage Adjust knob one “click” to the left (counterclock-

wise) to move the pointer from Sine to Square. Press the Voltage Adjust knob as if it

were a button to select the choice. The LCD will show the Square wave icon in the

lower left corner.

Press the WAVEFORM button again to return to the first waveform menu. Notice the

down pointing arrow at the lower left corner. This indicates that there are more

choices on the menu. Turn the Voltage Adjust knob counterclockwise to move the

pointer to Negative Ramp. Turn the knob one more “click” counterclockwise to show

the next choice in the menu, DC (or direct current). Notice that the menu now has an

“up” pointing arrow at the upper left corner as well as the down pointing arrow in the

lower left corner.

DC: Press the Voltage Adjust knob to select the DC choice. Notice that the LCD

shows only voltage and current. Turn the Voltage Adjust knob to increase or decrease

the voltage (±10 V maximum).

Voltage Adjust display

Resolution Selection buttons

First WAVEFORM menu

Sine, Square, Triangle, Positive Ramp, and Negative Ramp waveforms. Frequency: 1.000 kHz. Voltage: 2.00 V.

Vertical scale: 1 V/div. Horizontal scale: 1 ms/div.

Next WAVEFORM menu

Model No.PI-8127 Operation

Continue to turn the Voltage Adjust knob counterclockwise to reveal the next five

waveform choices: External, Mod Sine, Mod Triangle, Mod Pos Ramp, and Mod Neg

Ramp. (“Mod” is an abbreviation for “modulated”.)

External Input: The External waveform choice corresponds to the use of an external

input to the Function Generator. The generator has positive and negative input jacks

on the rear panel. Maximum input voltage is ±10 V. The Function Generator amplifies

the power of the input signal up to a maximum of 10 watts (up to 1 amp at up to 10

volts), expressed as a percentage of maximum. Turn the Voltage Adjust knob to

decrease or increase the power amplification.

Modulated Waveforms: The modulated (Mod) waveform choices also correspond

to the use of an external input to the Function Generator through the input jacks on

the rear panel. When a modulated (Mod) waveform is selected, the signal produced

by the Function Generator will be multiplied by the signal from the external input.

Change the frequency of the Function Generator’s signal with the Frequency Adjust

knob. Adjust the percent modulation with the Voltage Adjust knob. The formula for

the percent modulation is based on the amplitudes of the peak (P) and the trough (T)

of the modulated signal.

When the percent modulation is 100%, the trough amplitude is zero.

Menus

Press the MENU button to show the list of choices: V Offset (voltage offset), V Limit

(voltage limit), I Limit (short circuit current limit), Backlight, and Sweep. The pointer

is at V Offset. Turn the Voltage Adjust knob to move the pointer up or down among

the choices. Press the Voltage Adjust knob as if it were a button to select a choice.

DC voltage

adjust

screen

Last WAVEFORM menu

External

waveform

display

Mod Sine

waveform

display

percent modulation P - T

P +T

------------100×=Mod Sine waveform. Input signal

is 1 kHz at 2.00 V. Mod Sine signal

is 0.100 kHz at 100%.

MENU choices

Percent

modulation

Function Generator Operation

V Offset (voltage offset): The default voltage offset in the Voltage Offset display is

0.00 V. Use the Voltage Adjust knob and the Resolution Buttons to increase or

decrease the DC voltage. Any waveform can be offset up or down with a DC voltage

ranging from -10 V to +10 V, provided the peak voltage does not exceed 10 V.

V Limit (voltage limit): The default maximum voltage in the Voltage Limit display

is 10.00 V. Use the Voltage Adjust knob and the Resolution Selection buttons to

change the maximum voltage from 10.00 V to another voltage. The minimum voltage

is 0.00 V.

I Limit (current limit): The default maximum current in the Current Limit display is

1.50 A. Turn the Voltage Adjust knob to change the maximum current from 1.50 A to

1.10 A or to 0.55 A. Press the Voltage Adjust knob as if it were a button to select the

current limit. Setting the maximum current is useful when there needs to be a limit to

the current applied to a circuit. This is a safety feature to protect against short circuit

overload.

Backlight: The default backlight setting is “High”. Use the Voltage Adjust knob to

select the menu choice. Press the Voltage Adjust knob as if it were a button to toggle

(switch) to the other choice: “Low”. The Low setting is useful when the Function

Generator is in a darkened environment.

Sweep: Turn the Voltage Adjust knob so the pointer is next to Sweep and then press

the knob as if it were a button to select the choice. The default setting is “Off”.

The Sweep menu options offer several ways to tailor the output signal for specific

needs. The Sweep function is set up so that the output signal begins at a specific fre-

quency (Initial) and ends at another specific frequency (Final). The ‘sweep’ between

frequencies can be set to last for a certain time (Duration), and the step frequency

(Step) can also be set for a specific amount..

The Sweep function can be set to one of the following:

• Off: The default setting.

Press the MENU button or the

Voltage Adjust knob to return

to the MENU choices.

Press the MENU button again

to return to the screen before

the MENU button was

pressed the first time.

Voltage

Offset

display

Voltage

Limit

display

Current

Limit

display

NOTE: As the current approaches

the limit, “Overcurrent” will be dis-

played at the bottom of the LCD. The

“Overcurrent” warning will be dis-

played at approximately 1.2 A for the

1.50 A limit, 1.0 A for the 1.10 A limit,

and 0.5 A for the 0.55 A limit.

Backlight Low

Sweep options

Model No.PI-8127 Operation

• Single: The frequency ‘sweeps’ from the initial frequency to the final frequency

one time.

• Repeat: The frequency ‘sweeps’ between the initial and final frequencies repeat-

edly.

• Bidir (bidirectional): The frequency sweeps from the initial frequency to the final

frequency and then back to the initial frequency repeatedly.

Press the Voltage Adjust knob as if it were a button to ‘step through’ the Sweep

choices. Press the MENU button to return to the previous display, or use the Voltage

Adjust knob to move the pointer to another choice.

Initial: The default initial frequency is 100.000 Hz. Turn the Voltage Adjust knob so

the pointer is next to ‘Initial’ and then press the knob to select the choice. Use the Fre-

quency Adjust knob and the Resolution Selection buttons to set the initial frequency.

Remember that you can press the Frequency Adjust knob as if it were a button to

switch frequency ranges. Press the Voltage Adjust knob again to return to the menu of

Sweep options. .

Final: The default final frequency is 500.000 Hz. As with the initial frequency, use

the Voltage Adjust knob to select the choice, and the Frequency Adjust knob and Res-

olution Selection buttons to set the final frequency. Press the Voltage Adjust knob as

if it were a button to return to the menu of Sweep options. .

Duration: The default duration for the sweep is 5 seconds. As with the initial fre-

quency, use the Voltage Adjust knob to select the choice. Use the Voltage Adjust knob

and the Resolution Selection buttons to change the duration time. The minimum is 1

second and the maximum is 9999 seconds (2 h, 46 min, 39 s). Press the Voltage

Adjust knob as if it were a button to return to the menu of Sweep options..

Step: The default step frequency is ‘None’. This means that the default frequency

sweep will be continuous from the initial to the final frequency. As with the initial fre-

quency, use the Voltage Adjust knob to select ‘Step’ and press the knob as if it were a

button. Use the Frequency Adjust knob and the Resolution Selection buttons to

change the step frequency. The range for the step frequency is from 0.001 Hz to

100.000 kHz (or 150 kHz for the Sine waveform). In general it is best to pick a step

frequency that is less than the difference between the initial and final frequencies.

Press the Voltage Adjust knob as a button to return to the menu of Sweep options.

Press the MENU button to exit the menu of Sweep options, and press the MENU but-

ton again to exit the main menu.

Standby: When a sweep function other than ‘Off’ is selected, the genera-

tor automatically goes into the ‘Standby’ condition. That is, the generator

will not output its signal until the OUTPUT STANDBY button is pressed.

Press the OUTPUT STANDBY button again to disable the output..

The Example display shows Frequency at 100.000 Hz, Voltage at 2.00 V,

output current at 0.00 A, V Offset (voltage offset) at 1.00 V, Sine wave-

form, Sweep function is ‘On’, and the generator’s output is on ‘Standby’.

Sweep bidirectional

Initial Frequency display

Final Frequency display

Duration display

Remember, you can press the

Frequency Select knob as if it were a

button to switch the frequency range.

Step

Frequency

display

In general it is best to

pick a step frequency that

is less then the difference

between the initial and

final frequencies.

Example display

Function Generator Some Suggested Uses

Other

Current

Several displays show the root mean square (‘rms’) output current (0.00A rms). The

Function Generator calculates the true root mean square of the output current, not just

the peak current divided by the square root of two. The output current depends on the

output voltage and the resistance of the device or circuit to which the generator is con-

nected. For example, if you set the generator to output 5.00 V DC and connect the

output to a 10 ohm resistor, the output current display will show approximately 0.50A

rms. If you change to a Sine Wave, the current will read 0.707 x 0.5A = 0.35A rms.

Trigger Output

On the rear panel is a BNC connector labeled TRIGGER OUT (TTL). If you want to

trigger an oscilloscope synchronously with the generator output, just connect the

TRIGGER OUT (TTL) connector to the external trigger of the oscilloscope (cable not

included).

USB Port for Firmware Update

Next to the TRIGGER OUT (TTL) connector on the rear panel is a USB port. The

USB port allows a USB cable (not included) to be connected from a computer to the

Function Generator so that its firmware can be updated. Go to

www.pasco.com/downloads for instructions.

Some Suggested Uses

In addition to the usual uses of a function generator such as providing sine wave sig-

nals for electronics laboratories, the PI-8127 Function Generator is particular suited

for experiment in waves and acoustics.

Drive a speaker - or several speakers - with the Function Generator. Accurately set the

frequency to any level in the acoustic range or beyond. This makes it particularly con-

venient for experiments such as measuring the speed of sound, observing the interfer-

ence and diffraction of sound waves, and investigating acoustic resonance in a cavity.

Use the Function Generator with the PASCO Resonance Tube (see www.pasco.com)

to investigate resonant modes and the speed of sound in a closed or open tube.

Use the Function Generator with the PASCO Sonometer and Driver/Detector Coils to

measure resonant frequencies and harmonics and the location of nodes and antinodes

on a wire.

The built-in amplifier makes it an ideal device for driving mechanical

wave experiments. Use the generator with a PASCO Mechanical Wave

Driver to examine the resonance modes in a vibrating wave cord. Experi-

ment with the motion of waves in two dimensions by using sand on the

thin metal plates of the PASCO Chladni Plate Kit.

Use the generator with the PASCO Coupled Harmonic Oscillators to study

coupled harmonic motion of two or more gliders on an air track.

Connect the Function Generator to a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit such

as the PASCO RLC Circuit Board and measure the voltage across the

resistor as the generator drives the circuit with a square wave.

The name “root mean square”

comes from the fact that it is the

square root of the mean of the

squares of the values.

USB Port

Voltage across the resistor in a resistor-capacitor

circuit driven by a square wave.

Model No.PI-8127 Specifications

Specifications

Technical Support

For assistance with any PASCO product, contact PASCO at:

Limited Warranty

For a description of the product warranty, see the PASCO catalog.

granted to non-profit educational institutions for reproduction of any part of this manual, providing the reproductions are used only in

their laboratories and classrooms, and are not sold for profit. Reproduction under any other circumstances, without the written con-

sent of PASCO scientific, is prohibited.

Trademarks

PASCO, PASCO scientific, DataStudio, PASPORT, Xplorer, and Xplorer GLX are trademarks or registered trademarks of PASCO sci-

entific, in the United States and/or in other countries. For more information visit www.pasco.com/legal. Windows is a registered trade-

mark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Mac is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in

the U.S. and other countries.

Product End of Life Disposal Instructions:

This electronic product is subject to disposal and recycling regulations that vary by country and region. It is

your responsibility to recycle your electronic equipment per your local environmental laws and regulations to

ensure that it will be recycled in a manner that protects human health and the environment. To find out where

you can drop off your waste equipment for recycling, please contact your local waste recycle/disposal service,

or the place where you purchased the product.

The European Union WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) symbol (to the right) and on the prod-

uct or its packaging indicates that this product must not be disposed of in a standard waste container.

Input Power 15 V at 1.6 A

Voltage Output ±10 V at up to 1 A

Frequency Range DC to 100 kHz with two ranges: 0.001 Hz to 999.999 Hz and

0.001 kHz to 100.000 kHz (150 kHz for Sine Wave)

Frequency Resolution 0.001 Hz for the lower range and 1 Hz for the upper range

Offset Voltage ±10 V

External Voltage Input ±10 V Maximum

Trigger Output TTL compatible (0 to 5 V)

Waveforms Sine, Square, Triangle, Positive Ramp, Negative Ramp, DC,

Mod Sine, Mod Square, Mod Pos Ramp, Mod Neg Ramp

Default Displays Frequency, Voltage, Current, Waveform

Display LCD Graphics Monochrome, 128 by 64 pixels, 2-level

Backlight

Address: PASCO scientific

10101 Foothills Blvd.

Roseville, CA 95747-7100

Phone: 916-786-3800 (worldwide)

800-772-8700 (U.S.)

Fax: (916) 786-3292

Web: www.pasco.com

Email: [email protected]

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