PCB Piezotronics 117B31 Bedienungsanleitung

Model 117B31

CONFORMAL BALLISTICS PRESSURE SENSOR

Installation and Operating Manual

For assistance with the operation of this product,

contact PCB Piezotronics, Inc.

Toll-free: 800-828-8840

24-hour SensorLine: 716-684-0001

Fax: 716-684-0987

E-mail: [email protected]

Web: www.pcb.com

The information contained in this document supersedes all similar information that

may be found elsewhere in this manual.

Total Customer Satisfaction – PCB

Piezotronics guarantees Total Customer

Satisfaction. If, at any time, for any

reason, you are not completely satisfied

with any PCB product, PCB will repair,

replace, or exchange it at no charge. You

may also choose to have your purchase

price refunded in lieu of the repair,

replacement, or exchange of the product.

Service – Due to the sophisticated nature

of the sensors and associated

instrumentation provided by PCB

Piezotronics, user servicing or repair is

not recommended and, if attempted, may

void the factory warranty. Routine

maintenance, such as the cleaning of

electrical connectors, housings, and

mounting surfaces with solutions and

techniques that will not harm the

physical material of construction, is

acceptable. Caution should be observed

to insure that liquids are not permitted to

migrate into devices that are not

hermetically sealed. Such devices should

only be wiped with a dampened cloth

and never submerged or have liquids

poured upon them.

Repair – In the event that equipment

becomes damaged or ceases to operate,

arrangements should be made to return

the equipment to PCB Piezotronics for

repair. User servicing or repair is not

recommended and, if attempted, may

void the factory warranty.

Calibration – Routine calibration of

sensors and associated instrumentation is

recommended as this helps build

confidence in measurement accuracy and

acquired data. Equipment calibration

cycles are typically established by the

users own quality regimen. When in

doubt about a calibration cycle, a good

“rule of thumb” is to recalibrate on an

annual basis. It is also good practice to

recalibrate after exposure to any severe

temperature extreme, shock, load, or

other environmental influence, or prior

to any critical test.

PCB Piezotronics maintains an ISO-

9001 certified metrology laboratory and

offers calibration services, which are

accredited by A2LA to ISO/IEC 17025,

with full traceablility to N.I.S.T. In

addition to the normally supplied

calibration, special testing is also

available, such as: sensitivity at elevated

or cryogenic temperatures, phase

response, extended high or low

frequency response, extended range, leak

testing, hydrostatic pressure testing, and

others. For information on standard

recalibration services or special testing,

contact your local PCB Piezotronics

distributor, sales representative, or

factory customer service representative.

Returning Equipment – Following

these procedures will insure that your

returned materials are handled in the

most expedient manner. Before returning

any equipment to PCB Piezotronics,

contact your local distributor, sales

representative, or factory customer

service representative to obtain a Return

Warranty, Service, Repair, and

Return Policies and Instructions

Materials Authorization (RMA)

Number. This RMA number should be

clearly marked on the outside of all

package(s) and on the packing list(s)

accompanying the shipment. A detailed

account of the nature of the problem(s)

being experienced with the equipment

should also be included inside the

package(s) containing any returned

materials.

A Purchase Order, included with the

returned materials, will expedite the

turn-around of serviced equipment. It is

recommended to include authorization

on the Purchase Order for PCB to

proceed with any repairs, as long as they

do not exceed 50% of the replacement

cost of the returned item(s). PCB will

provide a price quotation or replacement

recommendation for any item whose

repair costs would exceed 50% of

replacement cost, or any item that is not

economically feasible to repair. For

routine calibration services, the Purchase

Order should include authorization to

proceed and return at current pricing,

which can be obtained from a factory

customer service representative.

Warranty – All equipment and repair

services provided by PCB Piezotronics,

Inc. are covered by a limited warranty

against defective material and

workmanship for a period of one year

from date of original purchase. Contact

PCB for a complete statement of our

warranty. Expendable items, such as

batteries and mounting hardware, are not

covered by warranty. Mechanical

damage to equipment due to improper

use is not covered by warranty.

Electronic circuitry failure caused by the

introduction of unregulated or improper

excitation power or electrostatic

discharge is not covered by warranty.

Contact Information – International

customers should direct all inquiries to

their local distributor or sales office. A

complete list of distributors and offices

can be found at www.pcb.com.

Customers within the United States may

contact their local sales representative or

a factory customer service

representative. A complete list of sales

representatives can be found at

www.pcb.com. Toll-free telephone

numbers for a factory customer service

representative, in the division

responsible for this product, can be

found on the title page at the front of this

manual. Our ship to address and general

contact numbers are:

PCB Piezotronics, Inc.

3425 Walden Ave.

Depew, NY 14043 USA

Toll-free: (800) 828-8840

24-hour SensorLineSM: (716) 684-0001

Website: www.pcb.com

E-mail: [email protected]

DOCUMENT NUMBER: 21354

DOCUMENT REVISION: B

ECN: 17900

Drawing Number: 21086

Revision: NR

OPERATION MANUAL FOR

CONFORMAL BALLISTICS PRESSURE SENSOR

Series 117B

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Model 117B Conformal Sensor measures

pressure inside metallic cartridges and paper or

plastic shotshell, during firing of the round, without

drilled holes in the round.

The sensor is mounted flush with the chamber walls,

matching the curvature exactly. The expanded

cartridge or shotshell transmits forces through the thin

wall to the sensor.

The Model 117B is a conventional charge output

type sensor using synthetic quartz as the piezoelectric

sensing material.

An alignment guide now standard on all 117B

Models, simplifies installation by automatically

controlling rotational alignment of the sensor, leaving

only the depth adjustment consideration.

2.0 DESCRIPTION

Refer to enclosed installation drawing for outline

dimensions and physical description.

The basic sensor is a probe design with captivated

hollow clamp nut. The clamp nut rotates

independently of the probe body and serves to lift the

sensor out of the mounting port as it is unscrewed.

The alignment device consists of a pin and slotted

clamp assembly which fits tightly over the collar of

the sensor.

The hardened steel pin is accurately aligned with the

axis of the diaphragm curvature and when assembled

into a precisely drilled mating hole in the barrel or

calibration chamber, achieves near perfect rotational

alignment of sensor diaphragm.

The slotted clamp arrangement allows for tolerance in

the location of the guide pin hole in an axial direction

on the test barrel or calibration adaptor.

The precise depth adjustment is obtained by the use

of the correct thickness spacer selected from a set of 9

spacers of various thicknesses supplied with each

sensor.

Once the proper thickness spacer is found, removal

and re-installation now becomes a routine matter.

3.0 INSTALLATION

3.1 PORT PREPARATION

Prepare mounting port in accordance with installation

drawing 117-20 (XX)-90 supplied as part of this

manual.

NOTE: The installation port for the 117B is identical

to that for the 117A.

Drill guide pin hole as shown in installation drawing,

paying particular attention to locating C/L of hole

exactly on C/L of barrel.

Do not use a drill that is worn, as this may cause the

hole to be slightly undersized and the guide pin may

bind as it is drawn into the hole.

It is extremely important that the guide pin hole be

drilled parallel to the sensor mounting port to permit

the guide pin to move freely into the hole.

NOTE: Each model variation of the 117B is designed

to fit in a specific location (measured from the bolt

face) on a specific ammunition caliber. Changing

location and/or caliber will cause a mismatch of

diaphragm curvature with cartridge case diameter

since most cartridge cases are tapered.

3.2 INSTALLING THE SENSOR

After mounting holes have been prepared, proceed

with installation as follows:

1. On most models of 117B, it is not important

which side of the sensor is mounted toward

the muzzle.

However, on certain types of ammunition

(such as 20 mm cannon) which have a severe

taper, the diaphragm has a matching taper in

Drawing Number: 21086

Revision: NR

OPERATION MANUAL FOR

CONFORMAL BALLISTICS PRESSURE SENSOR

Series 117B

the curvature. In these latter cases, the

sensor forward side is identified with the

legend “FWD”etched on the guide collar to

which the slotted clamp is attached. The

clamp must be removed to find this legend.

If it does not appear, the sensor may be

mounted with either side toward the muzzle.

2. Loosen slotted clamp, but do not remove

clamp.

3. Select the middle thickness (.014) spacer

from the set of nine (065A19) supplied and

place it around sensor barrel.

4. Begin threading the sensor clamp nut into

the threaded mounting port, sliding slotted

clamp fore and aft as needed to allow guide

pin to fully enter hole.

Continue to turn clamp nut into hole by hand

or using 5/16 open end wrench.

Do not tighten when sensor bottoms.

5. Now tighten the screw closing slotted clamp.

6. Using open end wrench, tighten sensor

clamp nut.

NOTE: It is not necessary to put large amounts of

torque on this nut since a pressure seal is not

necessary. Approximately 5 to 10 ft. lbs. is

sufficient.

7. Now inspect flushness of diaphragm with

inside surface of chamber. This can be

accomplished visually in most cases.

If the diaphragm extends too deeply into the

chamber, select a thicker spacer and repeat

mounting procedure.

If the diaphragm is too deeply recessed,

select a thinner spacer and remount.

Once the proper thickness is found for

perfect flushness, the sensor may be

removed and reinstalled using this same

spacer and the proper depth will be achieved

each time.

NOTE: For best accuracy of results, use

same charge amplifier for calibration and for

actual operation. Use long TC for

calibration, medium or short TC for best

drift free operation.

4.0 POLARITY

Polarity of the Model 117B is negative i.e., the

charge output is negative for increasing pressure

input, making it compatible with inverting type

charge amplifiers.

5.0 CALIBRATION

Calibration of the Models 117B is facilitated by a

calibration adaptor which exactly matches the

chamber dimensions of the cartridge under test. An

actual cartridge case is hydraulically pressurized with

reference pressure to obtain a point-by-point sensor

calibration.

These calibration adaptors can be fabricated by the

user or can be purchased from PCB as our Model

090B calibration adaptor. Simply specify caliber and

longitudinal location of sensor.

For most rimfire applications, the sensor is located

.25 inches forward of the boltface.

For center fire cartridges a location .175 inches back

from the cartridge shoulder is preferred. Consult PCB

for recommendations on sensor locations if questions

arise.

Since most cartridge cases are tapered and diameter is

dependent upon longitudinal location, this location

may not be changed after the sensor is fabricated

since it is essential for proper operation that the

sensor curvature exactly match chamber curvature.

Drawing Number: 21086

Revision: NR

OPERATION MANUAL FOR

CONFORMAL BALLISTICS PRESSURE SENSOR

Series 117B

5.1 LOW-END NONLINEARITY

It will be noticed during calibration, especially with

metallic cartridges, that a certain amount of pressure

is necessary before linear output is attained from the

conformal sensor.

This is due to the fact that since the cartridge cases

are made nominally smaller in diameter than the

chamber to allow easy insertion and extraction, the

case must be expanded slightly by the internal

pressure before force can be transmitted to the sensor.

See the enclosed guide “An Improved Technique for

Utilization of Conformal Ballistics Sensor Calibration

Data”for methods of dealing with this topic.

6.0 MAINTENANCE

It is essential for normal operation of the Model 117B

that the insulation resistance be maintained above

1012 ohms. If insulation resistance should deteriorate,

wipe connector with clean cloth or paper wipe dipped

in a solvent compatible with Teflonsuch as

isopropyl alcohol, then bake in oven at 250F for ½

hour.

Drawing Number: 21086

Revision: NR

OPERATION MANUAL FOR

CONFORMAL BALLISTICS PRESSURE SENSOR

Series 117B

Drawing Number: 21086

Revision: NR

OPERATION MANUAL FOR

CONFORMAL BALLISTICS PRESSURE SENSOR

Series 117B

Drawing Number: 21210

Revision: NR

AN IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR

UTILIZATION OF CONFORMAL BALLISTICS

SENSOR CALIBRATION DATA

The PCB Series 117B Conformal Ballistics Sensor

(patented) measures chamber pressure in a novel

manner.

The sensitive surface of the sensor, when properly

installed in the gun chamber, conforms or blends in

precisely with the inside surface of the chamber actually

forming a portion of the wall adjacent to the cartridge

case.

When the round is fired, the pressure builds up rapidly

inside the case, obturating the case outward against the

chamber. The force, transmitted through the thin

cartridge case wall stresses the sensor crystals producing

an output charge analogous to chamber pressure.

An exclusive calibration technique has been developed

in conjunction with the conformal sensor, consisting of a

simulated gun chamber which positions the sensor at the

same location as in the test barrel and provides for

hydraulic pressurizations of an actual cartridge case.

Using this system and a reference standard pressure

source, a point by point calibration is performed on

samples of the actual lot of ammunition under test to

take into account transmissibility characteristics of the

cartridge case for each lot of ammunition.

Because a certain amount of pressure is required to fully

obturate the cartridge case in the test chamber, a rather

severe non-linearity is exhibited over the first several

thousand psi of input pressure, i.e. until the cartridge

case is pressed firmly against the inside chamber walls.

Figure 1 illustrates a typical calibration result with .22

caliber rimfire ammunition.

Figure 1: Typical calibration graph

Conformal sensor with .22 caliber rimfire.

As shown in figure 1, the best straight line that can be

drawn through the majority of the data points in the

linear portion of the curve, does not pass through the

origin.

Because of this, the widely accepted zero based best

straight line method of linearity determination cannot be

applied to the conformal sensor. Also, the actual

sensitivity of this sensor may only be specified at one

input pressure level since the sensitivity is not a

constant, but varies with input pressure level.

This paper outlines a simple alternative approach to

utilization of conformal sensor data.

The most universally accepted method of defining

conventional sensor nonlinearity is the full scale error

band method used in conjunction with the zero based

best straight line.

Drawing Number: 21210

Revision: NR

AN IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR

UTILIZATION OF CONFORMAL BALLISTICS

SENSOR CALIBRATION DATA

Figure 2: Zero based best straight

line method of linearity determination.

To utilize the zero based best straight line method, the

corresponding value of the sensor output is plotted for

each value of input measurand up to full scale as shown

in Figure 2.

A straight line, intercepting the origin as shown, is fitted

to the data points by equalizing the error between the

points below the line and the points above the line.

Error bands, as delineated by the instrument

specification are constructed as shown in figure 2.

Typically, plus and minus one or two percent of full

scale is specified for quartz sensors.

An acceptable instrument is then defined as one whose

data points all fall within this error band.

The "sensitivity" of an instrument so calibrated is simply

the full scale output (charge or voltage) divided by full

scale input pressure, where F.S. output is determined by

the straight line as defined above.

input.S.F output.S.F

ySensitivit (Eq. 1)

The units for sensitivity are commonly pC/psi or

mV/psi.

Note that in this case, the sensitivity is identical to the

slope of the line, since the line does intersect the origin

by previous definition.

The general equation for a straight line in terms of the

dependent variable is:

y = mx + b (Eq. 2)

Figure 3

b in equation 2 is the y axis intercept.

m is the slope of the line defined as:

12 xx yy

tanθm



 (Eq. 3)

Equation 2, expressed in terms of the independent

variable x is:

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