QRPKits KD1JV Bedienungsanleitung
The KD1JV Tri-Bander CW transceiver
Hendricks QRP kits
www.qrpkits.com
Table of Contents
Operation:................................................................2
Power on/off: .....................................................2
Band selection: ..................................................2
Tuning: ..............................................................2
Tuning Limits: ..............................................2
RIT:................................................................2
eyer operation:.................................................2
Changing eyer speed:..................................2
Message memories:.......................................2
Storing a message:.........................................3
To send a stored message:.............................3
Message pause and stop.................................3
Setting keyer Iambic A or B mode:...............3
Straight key mode:.............................................3
Tune up mode:....................................................3
Speaker or headphones:......................................4
Circuit description:..................................................4
Microprocessor controller and DDS VFO:........4
Receiver: ............................................................4
Transmitter: .......................................................5
Parts List.................................................................6
Assembly Instructions:............................................7
Power up and test:.................................................18
Specifications:
●Any three ham bands, 80, 60, 40, 30, 20, 17 or 15 meters - choose band mix at time of order.
●5 watts o tp t on all bands with 13.8V s pply
●B ilt in Iambic keyer with 5 to 40 wpm code speed, selectable Iambic A or B modes and two 63 character
message memories.
●Receiver sensitivity, 0.2 V MSD
●DDS VFO for rock steady stability with 50 Hz and 200 Hz t ning rates
●Easy to read fo r digit LED display with leading zero s ppression.
●Rotary knob t ning
●RIT (receive incremental t ning)
●Fo r IF crystals for excellent selectivity and opposite side band rejection
●600 Hz a dio filter
●A dio derived AGC
●Small size, 6” wide, 1.5” tall and 4” deep.
●Light weight, 12 o nces.
●Modest s pply c rrent req irements, 90 ma on receive (no signal) and 600 to 800 ma on transmit at 5W o t
(c rrent depends on band, higher bands draw more c rrent)
●S pply range : 13.8 V max, 8 V min.
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Operation:
Power on/off:
Power switch is part of vol me control.
Band selection:
One of the three available bands are selected with a three position toggle switch (on-off-on).
●When a band is selected, the display will indicate the band in meters for a second. (80 for 80 meters, 40 for 40
meters, and so on)
● When a band is first selected after the rig is powered p, the defa lt start p freq ency (QRP calling freq for that
band) is loaded. S bseq ently, the last sed freq ency is loaded when switching between bands. This can be
sef l in contest sit ations.
●Freq ency is displayed as 100 kHz, 10 kHz, 1 kHz and .1 kHz (100 Hz). MHz digits are not displayed as yo
sho ld know which band yo r on.
Tunin :
Operating Freq ency is t ned sing a mechanical rotary encoder. T ning steps are 50 Hz in slow t ning rate and 200 Hz in
fast t ning rate. The 50 Hz rate is selected on power p.
●To change t ning rate: P sh and hold the t ning knob to activate the b ilt in switch. Hold closed ntil the Morse
letter “F” (for FAST) or “S” (for SLOW) ann nciates (1 second), then release.
●Since the slow t ning rate is 50 Hz and the display only shows 100 Hz digits, the display will change on every
other click of the t ning encoder.
Tuning Limits:
T ning is limited to be within the bo nds of the selected band. This incl des the phone segments, b t reception of SSB is
s ally not possible d e to receiving on the wrong sideband, the narrow IF and a dio filters sed in the rig.
RIT:
Receive integral t ning (RIT) allows changing the receive freq ency p to +/- 9.9 kHz from the transmit freq ency. When
RIT is activated, the display will change to show the difference between the c rrent transmit freq ency and the new
receive freq ency.
Normally, RIT is sed to fine t ne in a station which is not q ite on yo r freq ency, b t can also be sed when a DX or
contest station is operating “Split” and listening off their transmit freq ency. When RIT is active, it is possible to toggle
back to yo r transmit freq ency to check if it is still clear or if some one is calling yo there. While in this mode, yo can
not t ne, b t yo can transmit.
●T rning RIT on and off : short p sh of the T ning knob Display will change to RIT mode : [ r 0.0]
●Toggle back to transmit freq ency : click the <MENU> switch. Display will change to : [ r = 0.0]
60 meter operation:
If the 60 meter band is installed, operation on this band is somewhat different then “normal”. The 60 meter band consists
of five channels and CW operation is allowed only at the center freq ency of each channel. Therefore, the transmit
freq ency is fixed and can not be t ned on this band. However, the receiver freq ency can be t ned +/- 900 Hz in case the
beat note of another station doesn't q ite match and needs to be “tweaked”. T ning rate is set at 50 Hz with RIT
effectively always enabled.
60 meter display: When 60 meters is selected the display will show the channel n mber selected and the receiver offset
freq ency in 100 Hz increments. [ C1 .0 ] A min s sign will appear if yo t ne below the channel center freq ency.
Channel selection: Advance thro gh the channels by p shing on the t ning knob. The next channel after 5 will roll over
back to channel 1. Convention is to start on Channel 1 to find an open channel.
Menu switch: This works as s al.
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60 Meter channel frequencies:
Channel 1 : 5.3320 MHz USA only
Channel 2 : 5.3480 MHz USA only
Channel 3 : 5.3585 MHz USA only
Channel 4 : 5.3730 MHz USA only
Channel 5 : 5.4050 MHz International
60 Meters is a shard band with Homeland Sec rity and other government agencies. There co ld be voice or digital mode
operation on these channels and they have priority. Please listen before transmitting to ens re the channel is clear or QRT
if other signals appear while operating.
Keyer operation:
The Tri-bander incl des a b ilt in Iambic keyer with a speed range of 5 to 40 wpm. The keyer can be programmed to se
either A or B iambic modes. Two message memories are also incl ded. Keyer operation is controlled by the p sh b tton
switch located nder the display 100's digit and will be referred to as “the MENU Switch”
Changing Keyer speed:
To active speed change, click and release the keyer switch (short click). After a short pa se, (a delay to allow sending
keyer message), the display will now indicate the c rrent code speed as [ C x.x ]. Use the paddle to change speed. Dot =
down, Dot = down. Pa sing for a second will a tomatically exit the change speed mode and revert to normal operation.
Message memories:
Two message memories are available. Each message length can be p to 63 characters, incl ding word spaces.
toring a message:
Click and hold closed the <MENU> switch ntil the Morse letter “M” is en nciated by the side tone. The display will blank
with dashes [ - - -. -]when the switch is released to indicate yo r in this mode.
1. Start entering in yo r message via the paddle. Letter and word spaces are a tomatically inserted when the
applicable pa se is detected. The pa se length is the “ideal” spacing of 3 dots for a letter and 7 dots for a word.
Since many people don't pa se long eno gh between letters and words in normal on air sending, the best way to
ins re a space is inserted is to pa se a little longer than yo r sed to for letters and m ch longer for words. A
little practice will likely be needed to master the timing.
2. Once yo have completed entering yo r message, click the keyer switch. The message yo j st entered will be
repeated via the side tone so yo can check to see how it so nds and if yo made any mistakes.
3. If a mistake was made: Restart the proced re by clicking the keyer switch again. The letters “EM” will be
en nciated by the side tone.
4. To store the message: Tap either the Dot or Dash paddle. Dot will store into message 1 location and Dash to
message 2 location. The letters “MS” (message stored) will be en nciated by the side tone. Once a message
stored, normal operation of the rig is restored.
To send a stored message:
Click the <MENU> switch and then q ickly tap either the dot or dash paddle.
Message pause and stop.
●To pause a message, close the DOT paddle. If a character is being sent when the paddle is closed, the pa se will
start when that character has finished sending.
●To stop a message, close the DASH paddle. Again, if a character is being set when the paddle is closed, it will
finish sending.
etting keyer Iambic A or B mode:
The defa lt Iambic mode is B mode. This can be switched to A mode by holding closed the <MENU> switch for three (3)
seconds. After the keyer memory f nction letter “M” has been ann nciated, the next f nction will be the toggling of the
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Iambic mode. If A is c rrently enabled, B will be toggled on, the letter “B” will be ann nciated and the display will show
[b . ]. Conversely, if B is c rrently enabled, the letter “A” will be ann nciated, the display will show [A .] for a second and
then escape to normal operation.
The difference between A and B modes:
When sing Iambic keying, holding closed both paddles will alternately send dots and dashes, with the first element being
determined by which paddle was closed first. The difference between A and B modes is what happens after the paddles are
released.
●In A mode, if both paddles are open d ring a inter-element space the keyer simply stops sending.
●In B mode, an extra and opposite element is sent from the last element being sent when the paddles are
released. This extra element always sent if both paddles are sensed to be closed at the same time. This means
care m st be taken to release one paddle before closing the other if this extra element is not desired.
Strai ht key mode:
Straight key mode is activated if the Dash inp t is gro nded when yo t rn on the rig. This a tomatically happens if a
mona ral phone pl g (normally sed with a straight key) is inserted into the stereo paddle jack.
Tune up mode:
It is sometimes handy to be able to temporarily key the transmitter on and off man ally with the paddle for meas ring
power o tp t or allowing an a tot ner to do its thing (tho gh this is not recommended).
This mode is activated by clicking and holding the <MENU> switch closed for 2 seconds. The letter “T” will be first
en nciated and then display will change to a character which sort of looks like a “t” when the switch is released and t ne
mode becomes active.
The transmitter can now be keyed on and off with the paddle. When done, exit back to normal operation by clicking the
<MENU> switch again.
Speaker or headphones:
There is s fficient a dio o tp t power to drive a small 8 ohm speaker. Care sho ld be taken when sing headphones to
keep the vol me t rned now when t ning aro nd the band. Altho gh the a dio AGC action will limit the vol me of strong
stations, this can still be too m ch when sing headphones.
Power supply voltages and fusing:
Power s pply voltage to the Tri-bander sho ld be between 13.8 and 9.5 volts. A physical f se is not incl ded in the board
or rig case. As a safety preca tion, there is a narrow section of pcb track between the power jack positive o tp t terminal
and D3, the reverse polarity protection diode. Sho ld a short on the raw DC inp t s pply occ r, this narrow section of track
sho ld b rn o t and will need to be repaired after the fa lt is fo nd. Since this is a one time only protection feat re, sing
a f sed s pply (1 A) is highly recommended.
High WR warning:
Operating this transmitter into a high SWR can res lt in damage to the PA MOSFETS. Open circ it is fine, short circ it is
okay for short periods (co ple of seconds), b t highly reactive loads need to be avoided. Damaging SWR can res lt when
sing an antenna t ner as yo r trying to find a match. A to-t ners can be a problem as they search for a match. The best
way to avoid this sit ation is to se a resistive SWR bridge. Red cing power is also acceptable, b t the only way to do that
is to red ce the s pply voltage to the rig. This can be done by switching a 10 ohm, 1 watt resistor in series with the power
s pply positive lead, sing a toggle switch.
Circuit description:
Microprocessor controller and DDS VFO:
The heart of the rig is the microprocessor controller and DDS VFO. An Atmel MEGA48 processor is sed for the controller.
The MEGA48 controls the DDS VFO, drives the freq ency display, implements the keyer f nctions, controls transmit and
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receive switching and prod ces the side tone. An Analog Devices AD9834 DDS chip is sed for the VFO. Using a 60 MHz
clock, direct freq ency o tp t to 21 MHz is possible.
Receiver:
The receiver is a classic SA612 circ it, widely sed in QRP rigs. The 1st mixer inp t is do ble t ned for good image and o t
of band signal rejection. A fo r crystal IF filter sing matched crystals provides good selectivity and opposite side band
rejection. The se of fo r crystals and low profile HU-49US crystals res lts in noticeably better performance than three
crystal filters sing the tall, HU-49U crystals.
The o tp t of the prod ct detector, U2 is first amplified by a differential inp t amplifier, U3b. The second section of U3a is
sed as an a dio band pass filter with a pass band centered at 600 Hz. This a dio filter, in addition to removing high
freq ency hiss, adds some gain. The a dio is m ted d ring transmit by the series connected N-channel JFET Q5.
U8, a LM386 a dio amp provides final gain. In addition to headphones, it is able to drive a small, 8 ohm speaker. An a dio
AGC circ it is b ilt aro nd the a dio amp to limit the o tp t vol me to help protect yo r ears if the vol me is t rned all
the way p and yo t ne across a strong station. The o tp t level is limited to 800 mv p-p or abo t 10 mw rms.
AGC Circ it: The a dio o tp t of U8 is co pled to base of Q9. Q9 has a little bias voltage of abo t 400 mv applied to it via
the resistor divider R19/R17. This allows AGC action to start when the a dio level from U8 starts to exceed 400 mv instead
of 600 mv, the normal t rn on voltage for a NPN silicon transistor. Q7 is a P-channel JFET and is sed to atten ate the
a dio signal going into U8 from the vol me control. A 22K resistor, R15 is in series with the vol me control wiper and the
inp t to U8 so that Q7 has a dropping resistor to work against if the vol me control is t rned all the way p.
As the a dio o tp t level of U8 starts to exceed 400 mv, Q9 starts to t rn on, red cing the voltage at Q7's gate and
thereby starting to t rn Q7 on and atten ate the inp t signal to the amplifier. The gate voltage of Q7 will find a level at
which it will keep the o tp t voltage of U8 at 400 mv peak. C41 at Q7's gate holds the AGC voltage steady.
One common problem with a dio derived AGC circ its is “th mping” d e to the circ it being a little slow to act on the
leading edge of a signal and then “over shooting”, red cing the gain too m ch. The circ it sed here is remarkably free of
those ndesirable effects.
Transmitter:
The transmitter is as simple as it can get. The AD9834 DDS chip incl des a b ilt in comparator, which when enabled d ring
transmit, directly prod ces a sq are wave o tp t. This is then b ffered by three OR gates in parallel, sing a high speed
74AC02 logic chip, which in t rn drives three BS-170 MOSFET's in parallel.
The sq are wave drive to the MOSFETs prod ces fast t rn on and t rn off times. This, combined with the low “ON”
resistance and impedance matching achieved by the Low Pass o tp t filter, res lts in a reasonably high PA efficiency of
abo t 75%. This makes it possible to prod ce 5 watts of o tp t power sing three plastic TO-92 devices with no heat
sinking. Something not easily achieved with a traditional analog amplifier chain sing bi-polar transistors. The se of a
high speed logic gate to drive the PA also res lts in a constant drive level, independent of freq ency, allowing a f ll 5 watt
o tp t on the higher bands with o t complicated freq ency compensation or drive adj stment controls.
The PA is keyed on and off with a P-channel MOSFET. A 0.01 fd cap between the Gate and Drain o tp t prod ces a 5 ms
rise and fall time to the keyed voltage for key click s ppression. The se of a MOSFET here instead of a PNP transistor
res lts in less voltage drop, easier control of the rise and fall times d e to the high impedance gate inp t.
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Parts List
QTY VALUE Markings/type QTY VALUE Markings/type
1 10 ohms BRN/BLK/BLK/GLD 3 BS-170 MOSFET TO-92
1 51 OHMS GRN/BRN/BLK/GLD 1 J-171 P-channel j-fet TO-92
4 270 OHMS RED/VOL/BRN/GLD 1 2N3819 N-channel j-fet TO-92
1 470 OHMS YEL/VOL/BRN/GLD 1 2N3904 NPN TO-92
4 1 K BRN/BLK/RED/GLD 3 2N7000 MOSFET TO-92
11 2.2 K RED/RED/RED/GLD 1 FQPF27P06 P-CHN MOSFET TO-220F
1 7.5 K VOL/GRN/RED/GLD 2 78L05 5V, 100 ma reg lator
3 10 K BRN/BLK/ORG/GLD 2 1N4148 SS diode
1 15 K BRN/GRN/ORG/GLD 1 1N4756B 47 V 1W zener
3 22 K RED/RED/ORG/GLD 1 1N5817 1A shottky diode
1 33 K ORG/ORG/ORG/GLD 2 SA612A 8 pin DIP mixer/osc
2 47 K YEL/VOL/ORG/GLD 1 LM358N 8 pin DIP d al op amp
4 100 K BRN/BLK/YEL/GLD 1 LM386 8 pin DIP A dio amp
1 220 K RED/RED/YEL/GLD 1 74AC02N 14 pin DIP q ad OR gate
2 470 K YEL/VOL/YEL/GLD 1 ATMEGA 48 28 pin DIP microprocessor
2 1MEG BRN/BLK/GRN/GLD 1 4 digit led M ltiplex display
1 10 K Vol me with switch 4 DPDT DIP relay 5V
2 3.3 Hy GRN/GRN/GLD/GLD - RFC 4 8 pin DIP socket
2 10 Hy BRN/BLK/BLK/GLD - RFC 1 14 pin DIP socket
1 30 pfd Green trimmer cap 1 28 pin DIP socket 0.3” width
3 22 pfd 22 NPO disk 5 4.91520 MHz HU-49US crystal matched
1 47 pfd 47 NPO disk 1 FT37-43 Black, ferrite toroid core
8 100 pfd 101 NPO disk 1 2.5 mm Power Jack, PC mo nt
2 470 pfd 471 disk 1 6 mm x 13 mm TACK switch
7 0.001 Fd 102 disk 1 16 pin, right angle SIP pin strip
3 0.01 Fd 103 Film 1 Rotary Encoder w/sw
19 0.1 Fd 104 MONO, X7R 1 DPDT toggle Center off (on-off-on)
2 3.3 Fd/16V Al m electrolytic 2 Stereo panel jack
2 10 Fd/16V Al m electrolytic 1 BNC panel jack
2 47 Fd/16V Al m electrolytic 1 5 feet Ins lated hook p wire, #24
1 220 fd/16V Al m electrolytic 1 Front panel PCB
1 1 foot #28 magnet wire 1 Main PCB
1 270 ohm 0805 Pre-mo nted SMT part 1 Case, top
1 3.6 K 0805 Pre-mo nted SMT part 1 Case, bottom
1 0.1 fd 0805 Pre-mo nted SMT part 1 Red film
1 1000 pfd 0805 Pre-mo nted SMT part 1 Small knob
4 0.01 fd 0805 Pre-mo nted SMT part 1 Large knob
1 22 pfd 0805 Pre-mo nted SMT part 1 Tilt stand bale
1 60.00 MHz osc Pre-mo nted SMT part 2 Bale mo nting blocks
1 AD9834 DDS Pre-mo nted SMT part 7 # 4-40 1/4” pan head screws
1 3.3V reg Pre-mo nted SMT part 2 # 4-40 1/4” flat head screws
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Assembly Instructions:
The q ickest and easiest way to b ild the rig is in “layers”. The lowest profile parts are installed first, s ch as resistors and
diodes, then higher profile parts s ch as capacitors and so on. Once the board is pop lated with all the parts, testing will
be done by inserting the vario s Integrated Circ it chips one at a time and testing the associated stages they are sed
with.
Before yo start assembly, it is helpf l to sort the parts into types and val es. Using a n mber of paper or plastic picnic
bowls to sort the parts into is a good idea to keep parts from getting lost on the bench. If yo loose, damage or are
missing a part, send a message to [email protected] for a replacement. Please specify the part type and val e. For
example, instead of saying yo need R22, say yo need a 1K resistor. Otherwise, we will have to look p the parts list for
the kit and fig re o t what R22 is and that can delay getting yo that part.
In general, parts are n mbered on the board in rows, starting with the lowest part n mber in the pper left corner of the
board (this is the back end), and then r n left to right and then zig-zag down the board to the front end. Parts will be
inserted in that order. Part val es are labeled on the parts placement diagram for easy reference. There are two placement
diagrams incl ded. The first is in color, which makes the vario s parts types stand o t better, b t wo ld se a lot of ink to
print o t. A second, ink jet friendly diagram is also incl ded. At least one of these diagrams sho ld be printed o t for easy
reference as yo b ild p the board. Note that the band specific parts have no val e labeled. See band table for val es
later in man al.
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Ink jet friendly diagram:
8
9
Cabinet preparation:
Before starting on the board assembly, the cabinet sho ld be prepared first. This way, it will be ready to go when yo finish
b ilding the board.
1. Clean the cabinet.
2. (optional) paint the cabinet.
3. Apply decals.
●When labeling the band select switch, note that the center position sho ld be the lowest freq ency band.
4. Attach tilt stand bale to bottom of cabinet.
5. Attach Red film over display c to t. Trim edges as req ired to clear mo nting st ds. Hole for switch can be made
with paper p nch. Tape in place.
Decal instructions:
The decals are applied in the same manor as model decals. C t aro nd each gro p of text or symbols yo wish to apply. It
doesn’t have to be perfect as the backgro nd film is transparent. Use the pict re on the first page as a g ide for where
the decals go. Be s re to get the correct spacing away from the holes, as it is very easy to do a great decal installation and
have a portion covered p with a knob.
Thoroughly clean the surface of the panel to remove any oils or contamination. Use dish washing liquid soap
and water (rise well), denatured alcohol or paint thinner. We have found that moving the decals into position
on bare aluminum chassis is difficult, due to the brushed surface, so we advise pre-coating the chassis with
the Krylon clear before applying the decals. (Unless you have elected to paint the chassis first).
1. Trim aro nd the decal.
2. After trimming, place the decal in a bowl of l kewarm water, with a small drop of dish soap to red ce the s rface
tension, for 10-15 seconds.
3. Using tweezers, handle caref lly to avoid tearing. Start to slide the decal off to the side of the backing paper, and
place the ns pported edge of the decal close to the final location.
4. Hold the edge of the decal against the panel, with yo r finger, and slide the paper o t from nder the decal. Yo
can slide the decal aro nd to the right position, as it will float slightly on the film of water. Use a knife point or
something sharp to do this.
5. When in position, hold the edge of the decal with yo r finger and gently sq eegee excess water o t from nder
the decal with a tiss e or paper towel. Work from the center, to both sides. Remove any b bbles by blotting or
wiping gently to the sides. Do this for each decal, and take yo r time.
6. Allow to set overnight, or speed drying by placing near a fan for a few of ho rs.
7. When dry, spray two light coats of matte finish, Krylon, clear to seal and protect the decals, and allow to dry in
between coats.
●All decals come with two complete sets, in case yo mess one p.
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Andere QRPKits Transceiver Handbücher
