Silva 515 Bedienungsanleitung

A PRECISION INSTRUMENT

DESIGNED FOR

PROFESSIONAL USE.

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

RANGER COMPASS

model: 515

Your Silva Ranger Compass is a precision instrument made by experi-

enced specialists in this ﬁeld; it is the ﬁnest hand compass available for professional

use.Your Silva Ranger is ﬁnely crafted to withstand rigors associated with the out-

door professions. It is a rugged, durable piece of equipment that, with proper care,

will remain dependable and accurate.

We recommend that you read this manual to understand the basic functions of

the compass.When you read, keep in mind that no two compass applications are

identical. The instructions given here are intended to provide you with a working

knowledge that you will be able to apply in almost any situation.

The illustrated 360 Degree Graduations are based on standard dial graduations

of 360 degrees, in 2º increments.With this graduation North is 0º and increases

clockwise so East is 90º, South is 180º,West is 270º and 360º is again North. 0º

and 360º are the same direction.

The Silva Ranger Model 515CLQ has Quadrant Graduations.With this graduation

North is 0º and increases clockwise so East is 90º then it decreases so South is 0º

then increases so West is 90º and then decreases so North is 0º. Instructions in

this manual will apply to this graduation except when it is necessary to refer to the

proper “quadrant,” such as North 20º East, or North 15º West, or South 40º East

or South l0º West.

compass cover

luminous points

base plate

black clinometer

pointer

magnetic needle with

red north

2X magniﬁer

scale in mm

sight

mirror

sighting line

index pointer

orienting arrow with red

north end

meridian lines

liquid ﬁlled capsule

bezel with

2º graduations

scale in inches

GENERAL SUGGESTIONS

Your Silva Ranger compass may be used for ﬁnding directions with or without the

aid of the sighting mirror. LEARN BOTH WAYS.

1. When extreme accuracy required:With the sighting mirror, hold compass at eye

level with cover opened to an acute angle.

2.When quick accuracy required:With the sighting line as a direction pointer, hold

the compass at waist level with cover wide open. In either instance, the compass

must be held level enough to permit the needle to swing freely.

Always check compass function prior to using it in the ﬁeld. Be aware that expos-

ing your compass to articles with iron content (a magnetic ﬁeld) can cause the

red end of the needle to align with South, a condition called reverse polarity.

Something as simple as being placed next to a pair of scissors or knife for a length

of time, microwaves, high tension wires, stereo speakers, magnets, etc. can cause

this problem.

Asmall bubble may form in the liquid compass, but it has no inﬂuence on accuracy.

The appearance and disappearance of this bubble is due to changes in temperature

and atmospheric pressure. Bubbles larger than 1/4" diameter, however, should be

viewed with suspicion and probably are caused by a leaking capsule.

To increase their brilliance, expose the luminous points to bright light before use.

Protect your compass from high temperatures extremes.The heat expanded liquid

could damage the capsule.

THE CLINOMETER

The SILVA Ranger compasses are practical instruments for measuring angles of

inclination.The long side of the compass coincides with the slope of the terrain.

Measure an angle of inclination in the following way:

1. Open the lid completely.

2.Turn the dial so that the cardinal point “W” on the dial is set at the index pointer.

3. Hold he compass at eye level with arms out-stretched so that the clinometer

needle is hanging vertically and follows the scale in the bottom of the compass

housing.“S” on the compass should point down.

4. Let one long side of the compass coincide with the slope of the terrain— the

inclination you wish to measure.

5. Read the angle of inclination at the point of the clinometer needle.

RULES OF USE

Two separate sets of rules apply to the use of a magnetic compass. One set applies

if you work “from map to terrain.” In this case you take “map bearings.” In the fol-

lowing, Sections A, B, C, D and E deal with “from map to terrain.”

Exactly opposite rules apply if you work “from terrain to map.” In this case you use

“ﬁeld bearings,” also called “magnetic bearings” and “compass bearings,” Sections F,

G and H deal with “from terrain to map.”

The word “map” is broadly interpreted to also include charts, descriptions and even

a mental picture of the terrain.

BASIC CONDITIONS TO DETERMINE FIELD DIRECTIONS

Section A

To use the compass to indicate directions in the ﬁeld, two basic conditions must

always be accomplished.These are:

1.The dial must be set to the desired degree reading. If the degree or direction is

known, turn the dial to the correct reading at the index pointer. If the degree is

unknown, then it should be obtained from a suitable map.

2.Without changing the dial setting, the entire compass must be positioned so that

the orienting arrow lines up with the magnetic needle and the red end of needle

lies between the two orienting points.

When both conditions are fulﬁlled, the desired direction is indicated by the sighting

line or by the sight.

DETERMINE DIRECTIONS WITHOUT THE SIGHT

Section B

To fulﬁll the two conditions described in Sect. A:

Set dial according to Sect.A (1)

• With the dial set, open the cover wide and hold it waist high in front of you.

The sight and sighting line should be pointing ahead of you not back toward

your body.The sighting line now acts as a pointer.

• Turn yourself and compass together until the orienting arrow is lined up with

the magnetic needle.This accomplishes Sect.A (2) and the sighting line now

will be pointing the correct direction.

• While still holding the compass, imagine a line extending exactly straight out from

the sighting line.Your objective lies along that imaginary line.

DETERMINE DIRECTIONS WITH A SIGHT

Section C

To fulﬁll the two conditions described in Sect. A:

Set the dial according to Sect.A (1).

• Hold the compass at eye level and adjust the cover to a 50º—70º opening. The

mirror should reﬂect a top view of the compass dial.

• While looking in the mirror, move your sighting eye sideways until you see the

sighting line intersect one of the two luminous points.

• Without changing the relationship between compass and eye, pivot yourself and

compass together until you see, in the mirror, that the orienting arrow is lined

up with the magnetic needle and the red end of needle is between the orient-

ing points.This accomplishes Sect.A (2).Your direction or objective will now lie

straight beyond the sight.

NOTE: Be sure to keep the base plate level so magnetic needle can turn freely.When

sighting uphill or downhill, lower the sighting eye in relation to the compass.

NOTE: A greater than 70º cover opening will increase the parallax effect and could

cause as much as a 5º reading error.

OBTAIN A BEARING FROM A MAP

Section D

We state in Sect.A, that one of the two conditions for using the Silva Ranger is to

set the dial at the desired degree reading. If this degree or bearing is not known, it

can be determined from a map.Your compass is also a protractor with a transpar-

ent bottom in the dial housing.Two steps are required:

1. Lay the compass on the map so either the inch scale or the millimeter scale

is exactly on (or parallel with) the line on the map you wish to travel, and the

hinged cover points in the direction of travel.

2. Hold the compass in position on the map, turn the dial so the meridian lines of

the compass are exactly parallel with any meridian (North-South) line on the

map, and the letter “N” on top of the dial is toward North on the map.

Remove the compass from the map.These two steps set your compass for the

degree reading to your destination.This reading may be read at the index pointer.

You fulﬁlled the ﬁrst basic condition in Sect.A. Proceed to Sect. B or C.

ABOUT DECLINATION

Section E

The magnetic needle in a compass is attracted by the magnetism of the Earth.This is

why it always points to the constantly shifting Magnetic North where the magnetic

lines of force come together.There is another “North Pole.” True North is static

and located geographically, maps and directions usually are based on True North.

declination map

for North America

Magnetic declination is the angle between True North and Magnetic North.The

amount of declination at any given point depends on the location of that point on

the continent.Where True and Magnetic North are in the same direction, the dec-

lination is zero. In North America a line of zero declination runs roughly from west

of Hudson Bay down along Lake Michigan to the Gulf Coast in western Florida.

At any point west of that line, your compass needle will point east of True North.

This is called “Easterly Declination.” At any point east of that zero line, your com-

pass needle will point west of True North.This is called “Westerly Declination.” In

North America, magnetic declination varies from 30º east in Alaska to 30º west in

Labrador. See diagram on page 9.

Allow for Declination

Where accuracy is not critical, ignore magnetic declination, especially in areas where

the declination is minor.You may also ignore it when the compass is used without

reference to maps and is based on ﬁeld bearings only.

When the compass is used with a map or in connection with map bearings, adjust-

ment should be made.There are two methods to accomplish this:

1.Temporary Method.You must redo every time you wish to apply it.

Find the amount of declination in their area and whether it is easterly or westerly.

This information is on topographic maps of the area.

Take your bearing from the map as described in Sect. D. and observe the degree

reading at the index pointer.

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