Brüel & Kjær 2425 Benutzerhandbuch

Electronic

Voltmeter

• 0.5

- 0.5

MHz

-60

1 M!l 47

Typ

2425

Briiel & Kjier

Copenhagen

40 30 20

Electronic Voltmeter

Type 2425

A mains

battery

operated

precision

instrument, measuring

true

RMS, Average

+Peak, - Peak

Max Peak voltage

levels from 100

V to 300 V

over

the

0.5

500 kHz range.

Included

are a Peak Hold mode and

time

constants giving Fast and

Slow

meter

damping

characteristics

. The

the Average Fast mode are in

accordance

with

the ANSI Standard

C16. 5-

1961

for

volume ("vu")

measurements.

ELECTRONIC VOLTMETER TYPE 2425

August 1972

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

......................................

CONTROLS

..........................................

2.1.

Front

Panel

.......

..........................

2.2.

Rear

Panel

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3. OPERATION

........................................

3.1. Preliminary

...

....

. .

....................

Mounting

.......

......

.....................

Mains Voltage and

Fuse

selection

................

Meter

Scale

Installation

.......................

Grounding Precautions

........................

3.2. Measurement Terms and their Applications

........

RMS

......................................

Average

....

...............................

Peak

.............

........................

"dBV"

and

"dBm"

...........................

"Volume"

.....

............................

3.3. Voltage Measurements

........................

3.4.

dBV

and dBm Measurements

...................

3.5. Volume Measurements

........................

3.6. AC OUTPUT Socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.7.

Use

DIN

socket

...........................

Output

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Connection

External

TIME

CONSTANTS

.......

Remote Meter

Reset

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Battery operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

DESCRIPTION

.......................................

4.1.

4.2.

Amplifier

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Input

Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Output

Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Meter

Circuit

...............................

Input

Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RMS Rectifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Peak

Rectifier

Average Rectifier

...........................

Meter

Amplifier

............................

4.3. Power Supply

..............................

4.4. Overall Characteristics

.......................

Dynamic

Range

............................

Frequency and

Phase

Characteristics

............

Influence

Phase

Characteristics on

Measurement Accuracy

........................

APPLICATIONS

......................................

5.1. Recording

..................................

AC Recording

...............................

DC Recording

...............................

5.2.

Use

a Compressor

Amplifier

..................

ACCESSORIES

.......................................

7. SPECIFICATIONS

....................................

INTRODUCTION

The

Electronic

Voltmeter

Type

2425

a precision instrument for

true

RMS, Average,

+Peak,

-Peak

and Max. Peak measurements

signals with

voltage levels from

100

J.J.V

300

the

0.5

500

kHz frequency

range.

basically a wide range measuring amplifier with calibrated gains

-50

dB, which are selectable

steps

give twelve voltage

measurement ranges

1 mV

300

V full scale.

The

gains are factory

preset, eliminating

the

need

further

calibration by

the

user and

therefore

make

the

2425

extremely

simple instrument

operate.

For R

measurements

the

meter circuit

the

2425

includes a

true

RMS

rectifier with a measurement accuracy

±0.5

dB for signals with

crest factors

5 (

dB above FSD). Rectifiers are also included

for

Average, and for

+Peak,

-Peak

and Max. Peak measurements.

The

Peak

rectifier has

two

selectable rise

times

enabling signals with peak

durations

short as

J.).sec

be measured. For measurements

non-repetitive signals

a Peak Hold mode

also provided.

facilitate accurate reading

the

display meter

the

rectifiers contain

electrical

time

constants

giving

"Fast"

"Slow"

meter damping character-

istics which

the

RMS

mode correspond

averaging times

0.27 and

3.0

seconds respectively and in

the

Peak modes correspond

decay

times

2.7 and

seconds respectively. Facilities are also provided for

connection

external

time

constants

permitting

the

choice

further

averaging and

q~cay

times.

The

time

constant

the

Average

Fast

mode gives

meter

damp-

ing

characteristics

accordance with

the

ANSI

Standard

16.5-1961

for

volume

("vu")

measurements, enabling

the

2425

be used as a volume

indicator for measurements

audio frequency transmission

telephone

lines.

For use

the

2425

as a calibrated amplifier for recording purposes,

a compressor amplifier for regulating

the

output

measurement systems,

both

AC and

outputs

are available from

the

instrument. For field

laboratory measurements

the

2425

may be operated from a mains or bat-

tery

supply.

CONTROLS

2.1. FRONT PANEL

Range

1---+-·•

1 Mn 41

Meter

Function

Input--+-

METER:

Fig.2.

Front

Panel

the

2425

A moving coil indicating meter with mirrored

back

avoid parallax errors. The meter has

three interchangeable meter scales. These are:

SA 0162. This scale

provided with

the

in-

strument and has two voltage ranges and one

range.

The

voltage ranges are calibrated

from 0

10 V and 0

31.6 V respectively,

where

10V

and

31.6V

represent full scale.

The

range

calibrated from

-20

where 0

represents full scale.

POWER ON:

RANGE

SA 0163. This scale

available

separate

order. It

similar

SA 0162,

but

also in-

cludes a range for

m measurements (see sec-

tion

3.2.4).

The

range

calibrated from

-20

to+

2 dBm re

0.775

V which corresponds

power level

600

n line.

SA 0168. This scale

also available

sepa-

rate order.

has

two

ranges,

one

calibrated

"vu"

for

volume

measurements (see sec-

tion

3.2.5)

the

other

calibrated

percentage

modulation

for broadcasting purposes.

The

range

calibrated

from

-20

to+

and

the

percentage

modulation

range from 0

100%.

change

the

meter

scales refer

sec-

tion

3.1.3.

Push-button

On/Off

switch

for

power. When

set

"On"

(i.e. inner position) and an AC

mains supply

connected

the

POWER

INPUT

socket

the

rear

the

instrument,

the

meter

scale lamps should light.

Two

push-button

switches actuating

the

input

attenuator

the

2425.

They

are used

con-

junction

with

the

RANGE

push-button

for

the

selection

the

V and mV voltages ranges

the

instrument.

The

two

RANGE SELEC-

TOR I

push-buttons

are mechanically inter-

linked so

that

only

one

range may be selected

a time.

Six

push-button

switches actuating a 0

attenuator

for

the

selection

six dif-

ferent

mV voltage ranges

conjunction

with

the

RANGE I push-buttons.

The

values

marked

the

push-button

refer

the

input

voltage (V

mV)

for

full scale deflection

the

meter.

The

dB value marked above each

push-button

are

re 1 V.

The

RANGE

SELECTOR

push-buttons

are all mechan-

ically interlinked so

that

only

one

range may

be selected

a time.

INPUT:

METER FUNCTION:

METER DAMPING:

BNC

input

socket for application

the

signal

be measured.

The

input impedance

1 MQ

parallel with 47

pF.

The

socket accepts

the

BNC

plug

& K

Type

JP 0035) provided.

Four

push-button switches for selection

"RMS",

"Avg." (Average),"+

Peak","

-Peak"

and "Max. Peak" meter characteristic. The

required characteristic

selected by pressing

the

appropriate push-button

that

it locks

into its inner position.

For

"Max

Peak" push-

the

"+Peak"

and

"-Peak"

push-buttons

simultaneously so

that

both

are locked in

their

inner positions.

The

Peak push-button

modes are used

conjunction with

the

PEAK

HOLD switch

the

instrument.

Two position switch for

the

selection

time

constants giving

"Fast"

and

"Slow"

meter

damping characteristics for

"RMS",

"Aver-

age" and

"Peak"

measurements.

The

Fast

mode should

only

be used

for

measurements

signals with frequency

components

above

Hz, whilst

the

"Slow"

mode can be used

for measurements

frequency

components

down

0.5

Hz.

For

the

"RMS"

mode

the

METER FUNC-

TION push-buttons,

the

time

constants

the

Fast and Slow modes give averaging times

0.27 and

3.0

seconds respectively.

For

the

"Peak"

modes

the

METER

NC-

TION push-buttons

the

time constants

the

Fast and Slow modes give decay times

2.7

and

seconds respectively.

The

rise time

for

"Peak"

measurements

less

than

psec and

500

psec respectively for

the

Fast and Slow

modes.

For

"vu"

measurements using

the

"Avg"

METER FUNCTION mode,

the

damping char-

acteristics

the

meter with

the

"Fast"

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