Cisco ATM Cable Interface Processor ACIP-SM(=) Bedienerhandbuch

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Cisco Systems, Inc.

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San Jose, CA 95134-1706

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Cisco Systems, Inc.

Corporate Headquarters

Documentation Part Number:

ATM Cable Interface Processor (ACIP)

Installation and Conﬁguration

Product Numbers: ACIP-SM(=)

This publication contains instructions for installing and performing a basic conﬁguration of the

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Cable Interface Processor (ACIP). This publication contains

basic conﬁguration steps and examples.

Sections in this publication include the following:

•ATM Terms and Acronyms, page 2

•Asynchronous Transfer Mode Overview, page 3

•ACIP Description, page 4

•ACIP Installation Prerequisites, page 9

•Installing and Removing an ACIP, page 16

•Attaching Network Interface Cables to the ACIP, page 17

•Using LEDs to Check ACIP Status, page 17

•Using show Commands to Verify Interface Status, page 19

•Conﬁguring the ACIP, page 21

•Checking the Conﬁguration, page 26

•Using the Debug ATM Commands, page 27

•Examples of ATM Error Messages, page 28

•Cisco Connection Online, page 32

DOC-784256=

78-4256-01

2ATM Cable Interface Processor (ACIP) Installation and Conﬁguration

ATM Terms and Acronyms

The following are common ATM terms and acronyms for your reference:

AAL—ATM Adaptation Layer. An AAL deﬁnes the conversion of user information into cells.

AAL1 and AAL2 handle isochronous trafﬁc, such as voice and video; AAL3/4 and AAL5 pertain to

data communications through the segmentation and reassembly of packets.

ATM—Asynchronous transfer mode. A cell-switching and multiplexing technology combining the

beneﬁts of circuit switching (constant transmission delay, guaranteed capacity) with those of packet

switching (ﬂexibility, efﬁciency for intermittent trafﬁc). ATM is deﬁned by ITU-T standards.

Average-rate—The average rate, in kbps, at which a given virtual circuit (VC) will transmit data.

BISDN—Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network. A set of standards under development by

the ITU-T for services based on ATM switching and SONET/SDH transmission.

CCITT—Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (Although commonly

referred to as the CCITT, this international standards body recently adopted the name International

Telecommunication Union/Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T).

CLP—Cell loss priority.

DXI—Data exchange interface.

ILMI—Interim Local Management Interface. Described in the ATM Forum’s UNI speciﬁcation,

ILMI allows end users to retrieve a basic set of information, such as status and conﬁguration about

virtual connections and addresses, for a particular UNI.

MIB—Management Information Base.

MIC—Media interface connector.

MID—Message identiﬁer. In AAL3/4 encapsulation, the 2-byte MID ﬁeld allows multiplexing of

streams of cells on one virtual channel.

NSAP—Network Service Access Point.

OAM—Operation Administration and Maintenance (cells).

PDU—Protocol data unit. An OSI term for a packet.

Peak-rate—The maximum rate, in kbps, at which a given VC can transmit data.

PMD—Physical medium dependent. The lower half of BISDN Layer 1.

PLIM—Physical layer interface module. The PLIM contains the interface to the ATM cable. (See

the section “ACIP Interface” on page 5.)

PVC—Permanent virtual circuit.

QOS—Quality of service.

Rate queues—Rate queues deﬁne the speed at which individual VCs will transmit data to the remote

end. Every VC must be associated with one rate queue. After attachment to this rate queue, the VC

is assumed to have its peak rate set to that of the rate queue. Each rate queue can be conﬁgured

independently to a portion of the overall bandwidth available on the ATM link. The combined

bandwidths of all rate queues should not exceed the total bandwidth available.

SAR—Segmentation and reassembly.

SDH—Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. International standard for optical digital transmission at

hierarchical rates from 155 Mbps to 2.5 Gbps and greater.

SDU—Service data unit.

ATM Cable Interface Processor (ACIP) Installation and Configuration 3

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Overview

SONET—Synchronous Optical Network. An ATM UNI speciﬁcation and American National

Standards Institute (ANSI) standard (T1.105-1988) for optical digital transmission at hierarchical

rates from 51.840 Mbps (STS-N) to 2.5 Gbps and greater.

SONET OC3—Optical Carrier-3 speciﬁcation.

SSCOP—Service Speciﬁc Connection Oriented Protocol. SSCOP Resides in the service speciﬁc

convergence sublayer of the ATM adaptation layer. SSCOP is used to transfer variable-length

service data units between users of SSCOP, and provides for the recovery of lost or corrupted SDUs.

SSCS—Service speciﬁc convergence sublayer.

SVC—Switched virtual circuit.

UNI—User-to-Network Interface. An ATM interface deﬁned by the ATM Forum for public and

private ATM network access.

VC—Virtual circuit. Point-to-point connections to remote hosts/routers. Each ATM VC has the

following characteristics associated with the VC: peak rate, average rate, cell quota, quality of

service (QOS), AAL mode (AAL3/4 or AAL5), encapsulation type (LLC/SNAP, NLPID, SMDS,

MUX, QSAAL). The VC characteristics are deﬁned when the VC is created.

VCD—Virtual circuit descriptor.

VPI/VCI—Virtual path identiﬁer/virtual channel identiﬁer. ATM virtual connection information. A

virtual path is a generic term for a bundle of virtual channels that have the same end point.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Overview

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) uses cell-switching and multiplexing technology that

combines the beneﬁts of circuit switching (constant transmission delay and guaranteed capacity)

with those of packet switching (ﬂexibility and efﬁciency for intermittent trafﬁc). ATM is a

connection-oriented environment. All trafﬁc to or from an ATM network is prefaced with a virtual

path identiﬁer (VPI) and virtual channel identiﬁer (VCI). A VPI/VCI pair is considered a single

virtual circuit (VC). Each VC is a private connection to another node on the ATM network. Each VC

is treated as a point-to-point mechanism to another router or host and is capable of supporting

bidirectional trafﬁc.

Each ATM node is required to establish a separate connection to every other node in the ATM

networkthatit must communicatewith. All suchconnections are establishedusing a PVCor an SVC

with an ATM signaling mechanism. This signaling is based on the ATM Forum UNI Speciﬁcation

V3.0.

Note The ACIP uses PVC connections with AAL5. There is one PVC for each active subscriber

modem. PVCs are created automatically; there is no need for user intervention.

Each VC is considered a complete and separate link to a destination node. Users can encapsulate

data as they see ﬁt across the connection. The ATM network disregards the contents of the data. The

only requirement is that data be sent to the ACIP card in the speciﬁc ATM adaptation layer (AAL)

format.

An AAL deﬁnes the conversion of user information into cells. The AAL segments upper-layer

information into cells at the transmitter and reassembles them at the receiver. AAL3/4 and AAL5

support data communications. AAL3/4 is supported as of Cisco IOS Release 10.2 and later.

4ATM Cable Interface Processor (ACIP) Installation and Conﬁguration

ACIP Description

An ATM connection transfers raw bits of information to a destination router/host. The ATM router

takes the common part convergence sublayer (CPCS) frame, carves it up into 53-byte cells, and

sends these cells to the destination router or host for reassembly. Forty-eight bytes of each cell are

used for the CPCS data; the remaining 5 bytes are used for cell routing. The 5-byte cell header

contains the destination VPI/VCI, payload type, cell loss priority (CLP), and header error control.

Unlike a LAN, which is connectionless, ATM requires certain features to provide a LAN

environment to the users. One such feature is broadcast capability. Protocols wanting to broadcast

packets to all stations in a subnet must be allowed to do so with a single call to Layer 2. In order to

support broadcasting, the router allows the user to specify a particular VC as a broadcast VC. When

the protocol passes a packet with a broadcast address to the ATM driver, the packet is duplicated and

sent to each VC marked as a broadcast VC. This method is known as pseudobroadcasting.

ACIP Description

The ATM Cable Interface Processor (ACIP) (see Figure 1) provides a single ATM network interface

for a Cisco 7500 series router by providing a direct connection between the router’s high-speed

Cisco Extended Bus (CyBus) and external equipment. The ACIP can be connected directly to a

TeraLink 1000 cable headend, or through a Cisco Lightstream 1010 ATM switch or other external

ATM network equipment. The physical layer interface module (PLIM) on the ACIP provides a

SONET/SDH (STS-3C) interface connection.

Figure 1 ACIP with the UNI 155-Mbps Interface

ACIP Features The ACIP supports the following features:

•Multiple rate queues.

•Reassembly of up to 512 buffers simultaneously. Each buffer represents a packet.

•Up to 2,048 virtual circuits.

•Transfer rates per VPI limited to ﬁxed values provided by the cable headend.

•Exception queue, which is used for event reporting. Events such as CRC errors are reported to

the exception queue.

•Raw queue, which is used for all raw trafﬁc over the ATM network. Raw trafﬁc includes

Operation Administration and Maintenance (OAM) cells and Interim Local Management

Interface (ILMI) cells. (ATM signaling cells are not considered raw.)

H2337

UNI 155

U111, microcode ROM

TX RX

ENABLED

RX Carrier

RX Cells

ATM Cable Interface Processor (ACIP) Installation and Configuration 5

ACIP Description

ACIP Interface The ACIP’s ATM interface is full duplex. You must use the appropriate ATM interface cable to

connect the ACIP with external ATM equipment. (Refer to the section “ACIP Cables, PLIM, and

Connections,” on page 7, for descriptions of ATM cables and connectors.) The ACIP provides an

interface to ATM switching fabrics for transmitting and receiving data at rates of up to 155 Mbps

bidirectionally; the actual rate is determined by the PLIM. The ACIP supports a PLIM that connects

to the following physical layer: SONET/SDH 155 Mbps, multimode ﬁber optic—STS-3C (or

STM-1).

SONET Distance Limitations

The SONET speciﬁcation for ﬁber-optic transmission deﬁnes two types of ﬁber: single mode and

multimode; however, the ACIP supports multimode ﬁber only. Modes can be thought of as bundles

of light rays entering the ﬁber at a particular angle. Multimode ﬁber allows multiple modes of light

to propagate through the ﬁber. Because multiple modes of light propagating through the ﬁber travel

different distances depending on the entry angles, causing them to arrive at the destination at

different times (a phenomenon called modal dispersion), single-mode ﬁber is capable of higher

bandwidth and greater cable run distances than multimode ﬁber.

The typical maximum distances for multimode transmissions, as deﬁned by SONET, are in Table 1.

If the distance between two connected stations is greater than these maximum distances, signiﬁcant

signal loss can result, making transmission unreliable.

Table 1 SONET Maximum Fiber-Optic Transmission Distances

Power Budget To design an efﬁcient optical data link, evaluate the power budget. The power budget is the amount

of light available to overcome attenuation in the optical link and to exceed the minimum power that

the receiver requires to operate within its speciﬁcations. Proper operation of an optical data link

depends on modulated light reaching the receiver with enough power to be correctly demodulated.

Attenuation, caused by the passive media components (cables, cable splices, and connectors), is

common to both multimode and single-mode transmission.

The following variables reduce the power of the signal (light) transmitted to the receiver in

multimode transmission:

•Chromatic dispersion (spreading of the signal in time because of the different speeds of light

wavelengths)

•Modal dispersion (spreading of the signal in time because of the different propagation modes in

the ﬁber)

Attenuation is signiﬁcantly lower for optical ﬁber than for other media. For multimode transmission,

chromatic and modal dispersion reduce the available power of the system by the combined

dispersion penalty (dB). The power lost over the data link is the sum of the component, dispersion,

and modal losses.

Table 2 lists the factors of attenuation and dispersion limit for typical ﬁber-optic cable.

Transceiver Type Maximum Distance between Stations1

1. Table 1 gives typical results. You should use the power budget calculations to

determine the actual distances.

Multimode Up to 1.5 miles (3 kilometers)

6ATM Cable Interface Processor (ACIP) Installation and Conﬁguration

ACIP Description

Table 2 Typical Fiber-Optic Link Attenuation and Dispersion Limits

Approximating the ACIP Power Margin

The LED used for a multimode transmission light source creates multiple propagation paths of light,

each with a different path length and time requirement to cross the optical ﬁber, causing signal

dispersion (smear). Higher order mode loss (HOL) results from light from the LED entering the ﬁber

and being radiated into the ﬁber cladding. A worst case estimate of power margin (PM) for

multimode transmissions assumes minimum transmitter power (PT), maximum link loss (LL), and

minimum receiver sensitivity (PR). The worst case analysis provides a margin of error, although not

all of the parts of an actual system will operate at the worst case levels.

The power budget (PB) is the maximum possible amount of power transmitted. The following

equation lists the calculation of the power budget:

PB = PT – PR

PB = –18.5 dBm – (–30 dBm)

PB = 11.5 dB

The power margin calculation is derived from the power budget minus the link loss, as follows:

PM = PB – LL

If the power margin is positive, as a rule, the link will work.

Table 3 lists the factors that contribute to link loss and the estimate of the link loss value attributable

to those factors.

Table 3 Estimating Link Loss

After calculating the power budget minus the data link loss, the result should be greater than zero.

Results less than zero may have insufﬁcient power to operate the receiver.

Limits Multimode

Attenuation 1.0 dB/km

Dispersion 500 MHzkm1

1. The product of bandwidth and

distance must be less than 500

MHzkm.

Link Loss Factor Estimate of Link Loss Value

Higher order mode losses 0.5 dB

Clock recovery module 1 dB

Modal and chromatic dispersion Dependent on ﬁber and wavelength used

Connector 0.5 dB

Splice 0.5 dB

Fiber attenuation 1 dB/km

ATM Cable Interface Processor (ACIP) Installation and Configuration 7

ACIP Description

For the ACIP, the signal must meet the worst case parameters listed in Table 4.

Table 4 ACIP SONET Signal Requirements

Multimode Power Budget Example with Sufﬁcient Power for Transmission

The following is an example multimode power budget calculated based on the following variables:

•Length of multimode link = 3 kilometers (km)

•4 connectors

•3 splices

•Higher order loss (HOL)

•Clock recovery module (CRM)

Estimate the power budget as follows:

PB = 11.5 dB – 3 km (1.0 dB/km) – 4 (0.5 dB) – 3 (0.5 dB) – 0.5 dB (HOL) – 1 dB (CRM)

PB = 11.5 dB – 3 dB – 2 dB – 1.5 dB – 0.5 dB – 1 dB

PB = 3.5 dB

The value of 3.5 dB indicates that this link would have sufﬁcient power for transmission.

Multimode Power Budget Example of Dispersion Limit

Following is an example with the same parameters as the previous example, but with a multimode

link distance of 4 km:

PB = 11.5 dB – 4 km (1.0 dB/km) – 4 (0.5 dB) – 3 (0.5 dB) – 0.5 dB (HOL) – 1 dB (CRM)

PB = 11.5 dB – 4 dB – 2 dB – 1.5 dB – 0.5 dB – 1 dB

PB = 2.5 dB

The value of 2.5 dB indicates that this link would have sufﬁcient power for transmission. But,

because the dispersion limit on the link (4 km x 155.52 MHz > 500 MHzkm), this link would not

work with multimode ﬁber. In this case, single-mode ﬁber would be the better choice.

ACIP Cables, PLIM, and Connections

An ACIP interface cable is used to connect your router to an ATM network. For SONET/SDH

(STS-3C) multimode connections, use one multimode duplex SC-type connector (see Figure 2) or

two single SC-type connectors. (See Figure 3.)

Parameter Multimode

PT –15

PR –28

PB –13

8ATM Cable Interface Processor (ACIP) Installation and Conﬁguration

ACIP Description

Figure 2 Duplex SC-Type Connector

Figure 3 Simplex SC-Type Connector

The multimode cable connects to the SC connector on the PLIM. (See Figure 4.)

Figure 4 SONET Multimode SC Duplex PLIM

The SONET multimode SC-type duplex connector is shipped with a dust plug. (See Figure 5.)

Remove the plug by pulling on the plug as you squeeze its sides.

Figure 5 SONET ATM Multimode Fiber-Optic Transceiver and Dust Plug

H2214

H2399

H2210

H1983

ATM Cable Interface Processor (ACIP) Installation and Configuration 9

ACIP Installation Prerequisites

Before you begin the ACIP installation, review the guidelines in this section to ensure a successful

installation, to avoid injuring yourself, or to avoid damaging the equipment. This section also

provides a list of parts and tools you will need to perform the installation.

ACIP Software Prerequisites

To ensure correct operation of the ACIP, Cisco IOS Release 11.2(7)P or later is required.

Hardware and Host Router Prerequisites

The following list describes speciﬁc hardware and host router prerequisites:

•Note that the ACIP is not supported in Cisco 7500 series routers with an RSP4 installed. Only

RSP1s and RSP2s can be used with the ACIP.

•Note that the ACIP is not supported in the Cisco 7000 series routers: Cisco 7000 and Cisco 7010.

•You must use the ACIP in the following Cisco 7500 series routers:

—Cisco 7505 (see Figure 6)

—Cisco 7507 (see Figure 7)

—Cisco 7513 (see Figure 8)

The Cisco 7500 series routers provide high reliability, availability, serviceability, and performance,

and supports multiprotocol, multimedia routing, and bridging with a wide variety of protocols and

any combination of available electrical interfaces and media. Network interfaces reside on modular

interface processors (such as the ACIP), which provide a direct connection between the high-speed,

1.067-gigabits-per-second (Gbps) Cisco Extended Bus (CyBus) and external networks. The

Cisco 7507 and Cisco 7513 each have two CyBuses for an aggregate bandwidth of 2.134 Gbps.

Figure 6 shows the rear of the 5-slot Cisco 7505 router. In the Cisco 7505, one slot (4) is reserved

for the Route Switch Processor (RSP1), which contains the main system processor and performs

packet switching functions. Slots 0 through 3 are for interface processors, including the ACIP.

(There are no restrictions on slot locations or sequence; you can install an ACIP in any available

interface processor slot.)

Figure 6 Cisco 7505, Interface Processor End

H2761

RSP slot

DC OK LED

Power switch

Chassis

grounding

receptacles

Power receptacle AC-input power supply

EJECT

SLOT 0

SLOT 1

NORMAL

CPU HALT

RESET

AUX.

CONSOLE

ROUTE SWITCH PROCESSOR

ENABLE

Interface processor slot 1

Interface processor slot 2

Interface processor slot 0

Interface processor slot 3

10 ATM Cable Interface Processor (ACIP) Installation and Conﬁguration

ACIP Installation Prerequisites

Figure 7 shows the rear of the 7-slot Cisco 7507 router. In the Cisco 7507, up to two slots (2 and 3)

are reserved for the Route Switch Processor (RSP2), which contains the system processor and

performs packet switching functions. Slots 0 and 1, and 4 through 6 are for interface processors,

including the ACIP. (There are no restrictions on slot locations or sequence; you can install an ACIP

in any available interface processor slot.)

Figure 7 Cisco 7507, Interface Processor End

ENABLE

EJECT

SLOT 0

SLOT 1

NORMAL

CPU HALT

RESET

AUX.

CONSOLE

ROUTE SWITCH PROCESSOR 2

SLAVE

MASTER

SLAVE/MASTER

H3888

Slot 0 1234 5 6

Upper

power supply

Chassis

grounding

receptacles

Lower

power supply

DC FAIL

AC POWER

DC FAIL

AC POWER

RSP slots

Captive

installation screw

Captive

installation screw

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