Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Bedienungsanleitung

CHAPTER

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Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Troubleshooting Guide, R5.0

July 2005

General Troubleshooting

This chapter provides procedures for troubleshooting the most common problems encountered when

operating a Cisco ONS 15454 SDH. To troubleshoot specific ONS 15454 SDH alarms, see Chapter 2,

“Alarm Troubleshooting.” If you cannot find what you are looking for, contact Cisco Technical Support.

See the “Obtaining Technical Assistance” section on page xlvi for more information.

This chapter includes the following sections on network problems:

•1.1 Troubleshooting Non-DWDM Circuit Paths with Loopbacks, page 1-2—Describes loopbacks

and hairpin circuits, which you can use to test circuit paths through the network or logically isolate

faults

Note For dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) network acceptance tests, refer to the

Cisco ONS 15454 DWDM Installation and Operations Guide, as this guide also applies to DWDM

operations for SDH. For SDH network acceptance tests, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Procedure

Guide Chapter 5, “Turn Up Network.”

•1.2 Troubleshooting Electrical Circuit Paths With Loopbacks, page 1-9—Explains how to use

loopback tests described in “1.1 Troubleshooting Non-DWDM Circuit Paths with Loopbacks” to

isolate trouble on electrical circuits.

•1.3 Troubleshooting Optical Circuit Paths With Loopbacks, page 1-39—Explains how to use

loopback tests described in “1.1 Troubleshooting Non-DWDM Circuit Paths with Loopbacks” to

isolate trouble on STM-N optical circuits.

•1.4 Troubleshooting Ethernet Circuit Paths With Loopbacks, page 1-62—Explains how to use

loopback tests described in the “1.1 Troubleshooting Non-DWDM Circuit Paths with Loopbacks”

to isolate trouble on G-Series or CE-Series Ethernet circuits.

•1.5 Troubleshooting MXP, TXP, or FC_MR Circuit Paths With Loopbacks, page 1-80—Explains

how to use loopbacks tests described in“1.1 Troubleshooting Non-DWDM Circuit Paths with

Loopbacks” to isolate trouble on muxponder (MXP), transponder (TXP), or Fibre Channel

(FC_MR) circuits.

•1.6 Troubleshooting DWDM Circuit Paths With ITU-T G.709 Monitoring, page 1-96—Explains

how to utilize performance monitoring (PM) and threshold crossing alerts (TCA) to locate signal

degrades on DWDM circuit paths.

The remaining sections describe symptoms, problems, and solutions that are categorized according to

the following topics:

•1.7 Using CTC Diagnostics, page 1-104—Provides procedures and guidelines for checking card

LED readiness and downloading a diagnostic file for Cisco Technical Support (TAC).

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Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Troubleshooting Guide, R5.0

July 2005

Chapter 1 General Troubleshooting

1.1 Troubleshooting Non-DWDM Circuit Paths with Loopbacks

•1.8 Restoring the Database and Default Settings, page 1-107—Provides procedures for restoring

software data and restoring the node to the default setup.

•1.9 PC Connectivity Troubleshooting, page 1-113—Provides troubleshooting procedures for PC

and network connectivity to the ONS 15454 SDH.

•1.10 CTC Operation Troubleshooting, page 1-119—Provides troubleshooting procedures for Cisco

Transport Controller (CTC) login or operation problems.

•1.11 Circuits and Timing, page 1-132—Provides troubleshooting procedures for circuit creation

and error reporting as well as timing reference errors and alarms.

•1.12 Fiber and Cabling, page 1-136—Provides troubleshooting procedures for fiber and cabling

connectivity errors.

•1.13 Power Supply Problems, page 1-144—Provides troubleshooting procedures for power supply

problems.

1.1 Troubleshooting Non-DWDM Circuit Paths with Loopbacks

Use loopbacks and hairpin circuits to test newly created SDH circuits before running live traffic or to

logically locate the source of a network failure. All ONS 15454 SDH electrical cards, STM-N cards,

G-Series Ethernet cards, MXP, TXP cards, and FC_MR-4 cards allow loopbacks and hairpin test circuits.

Other cards that do not allow loopback include E-Series Ethernet, ML-Series Ethernet, and DWDM

cards such as Optical Booster (OPT-BST), Optical Preamplifier (OPT-PRE), Optical Service Channel

and Combiner/Splitter Module (OSC-CSM), Band Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing (AD-xB-xx.x), and

Channel Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing (AD-xC-xx.x) cards.

To create a loopback on a port, the port must be in the Locked,maintenance Admin State and the

Locked-Enabled, loopback & maintenance service state.

Caution Facility (line) or terminal loopbacks can be service-affecting. To protect traffic, apply a lockout or Force

switch to the target loopback port. Basic directions for these procedures exist in the “2.10.2 Protection

Switching, Lock Initiation, and Clearing” section on page 2-260. For more information about these

operations, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Procedure Guide Chapter 15, “Maintain the Node.”

Caution On STM-N cards, a facility (line) loopback applies to the entire card and not an individual circuit.

Exercise caution when using loopbacks on an STM-N card carrying live traffic.

1.1.1 Facility Loopbacks

The following sections give general information about facility loopback operations and specific

information about ONS 15454 SDH card loopback activity.

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Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Troubleshooting Guide, R5.0

July 2005

Chapter 1 General Troubleshooting

1.1.1 Facility Loopbacks

1.1.1.1 General Behavior

A facility (line) loopback tests the line interface unit (LIU) of a card, the Front Mount Electrical

Connection (FMEC) card, and related cabling. After applying a facility loopback on a port, use a test set

to run traffic over the loopback. A successful facility loopback isolates the LIU, the Front-Mount

Electrical Card (FMEC), or the cabling plant as the potential cause of a network problem. Figure 1-1

shows a facility loopback on an E1-N-14 card.

Figure 1-1 Facility (Line) Loopback Path on a Near-End E1-N-14 Card

To test an optical card LIU, connect an optical test set to the optical port and perform a facility (line)

loopback. Or use a loopback or hairpin on a card that is farther along the circuit path. Figure 1-2 shows

a facility loopback on an STM-N card.

Figure 1-2 Facility (Line) Loopback Process on a Near-End STM-N Card

In CTC, STM-N cards with facility loopbacks show an icon (Figure 1-3). Loopback icons are not shown

on other cards in this release.

Figure 1-3 STM-N Facility Loopback Indicator

Caution Before performing a facility (line) loopback on an optical card, be sure the card contains at least two data

communications channel (DCC) paths to the node where the card is installed. A second DCC provides

a nonlooped path to log into the node after the loopback is applied, enabling you to remove the facility

loopback. Ensuring a second DCC is not necessary if you are directly connected to the ONS 15454 SDH

containing the loopback optical card.

76170

E3-12 STM-NXC

Test Set

E3-12 STM-NXC

Test Set

78261

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Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Troubleshooting Guide, R5.0

July 2005

Chapter 1 General Troubleshooting

1.1.1 Facility Loopbacks

1.1.1.2 ONS 15454 SDH Card Behavior

ONS 15454 SDH port loopbacks either terminate or bridge the loopback signal. All ONS 15454 SDH

optical, electrical, Ethernet, MXP, TXP, and FC_MR facility loopbacks are terminated as shown in

Table 1-1.

When a port terminates a facility loopback signal, the signal only loops back to the originating port and

is not transmitted downstream. When a port bridges a loopback signal, the signal loops back to the

originating port and is also transmitted downstream.

Note In Table 1-1, no alarm indication signal (AIS) signal is injected if the signal is bridged. If the signal is

terminated, an AIS is injected downstream for all cards except Ethernet cards.

The loopback itself is listed in the Conditions window. For example, the window would list the

LPBKTERMINAL condition or LPBKFACILITY condition for a tested port. (The Alarms window will

show AS-MT, which means that alarms are suppressed on the facility during loopback.)

In addition to the Conditions window listing, the following behaviors occur:

•If an electrical or optical port is in the Locked-enabled,disabled service state, it injects an AIS signal

upstream and downstream.

•When an electrical or optical port is placed in the Locked-enabled,maintenance service state before

loopback testing, the port clears the AIS signal upstream and downstream unless there is a

service-affecting defect that would also cause an AIS signal to be injected. For more information

about placing ports into alternate states for testing, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Procedure

Guide Chapter 5, “Turn Up Network.”

MXP and TXP card facility loopbacks behave differently from other ONS 15454 SDH cards. With a

client-side MXP or TXP facility loopback, the client port is in the Locked-enabled,maintenance &

loopback service state, however the remaining client and trunk ports can be in any other service state.

For MXP and TXP cards in a trunk-side facility loopback, the trunk port is in the

Locked-enabled,maintenance & loopback service state and the remaining client and trunk ports can be

in any other service state.

Table 1-1 ONS 15454 SDH Card Facility Loopback Behavior

Card/Port Facility Loopback Signal

DS3i-N-12 Terminated

E1-N-14 Terminated

G-Series Ethernet Terminated1

1. G-Series facility loopback is terminated and no AIS is sent downstream. However,

the Cisco Link Integrity signal continues to be sent downstream.

MXP, MXPP trunk ports Bridged

MXP, MXPP client ports Terminated

TXP, TXPP trunk ports Bridged

TXP, TXPP client ports Terminated

STM1-E in STM1-E mode Terminated

STM1-E ports 9-12 in E4 mode2

2. For the STM1-E card, only Ports 9 through 12 can be placed in E4 mode.

Terminated

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Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Troubleshooting Guide, R5.0

July 2005

Chapter 1 General Troubleshooting

1.1.2 Terminal Loopbacks

The following sections give general information about terminal loopback operations and specific

information about ONS 15454 SDH card loopback activity.

1.1.2.1 General Behavior

A terminal loopback tests a circuit path as it passes through the XC-VXL cross-connect card loops back

from the card with the loopback. Figure 1-4 shows a terminal loopback on an STM-N card. The test-set

traffic comes into the electrical card and goes through the cross-connect card to the STM-N card. The

terminal loopback on the STM-N card turns the signal around before it reaches the LIU and sends it back

through the cross-connect card to the E1-N-14 card. This test verifies that the cross-connect card and

terminal circuit paths are valid, but does not test the LIU on the STM-N card.

Figure 1-4 Terminal Loopback Path on an STM-N Card

In CTC, STM-N cards with terminal loopbacks show an icon (Figure 1-5). Loopback icons are not shown

on other cards in this release.

Figure 1-5 Terminal Loopback Indicator

Figure 1-6 shows a terminal loopback on an E1-N-14 electrical card. The test-set traffic comes in on the

STM-N card and goes through the cross-connect card to the E1-N-14 card. The terminal loopback on the

E1-N-14 card turns the signal around before it reaches the LIU and sends it back through the

cross-connect card to the STM-N card. This test verifies that the cross-connect card and terminal circuit

paths are valid, but does not test the LIU on the E1-N-14 card.

Figure 1-6 Terminal Loopback Process on an E1-N-14 Card

76177

STM-N

Test Set

XCE3-12

E3-12

Test Set

XC STM-N

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Chapter 1 General Troubleshooting

1.1.2 Terminal Loopbacks

1.1.2.2 ONS 15454 SDH Card Behavior

ONS 15454 SDH port loopbacks can either terminate or bridge the loopback signal. In the

ONS 15454 SDH system, all optical, electrical, Ethernet, MXP, TXP, and FC_MR facility loopbacks are

terminated as shown in Table 1-2. During terminal loopbacks, some ONS 15454 SDH cards bridge the

loopback signal while others terminate it.

If a port terminates a terminal or facility loopback signal, the signal only loops back to the originating

port and is not transmitted downstream. If the port bridges a loopback signal, the signal loops back to

the originating port and is also transmitted downstream.

ONS 15454 SDH card terminal loopback bridging and terminating behaviors are listed in Table 1-2.

Note In Table 1-2, no AIS signal is injected if the signal is bridged. If the signal is terminated, an applicable

AIS is injected downstream for all cards except Ethernet cards.

Bridged E1-N-14 and STM-N terminal loopback examples are shown in Figure 1-7 and Figure 1-8.

Figure 1-7 Terminal Loopback on an E1-N-14 Card with Bridged Signal

Table 1-2 ONS 15454 SDH Card Terminal Loopback Behavior

Card/Port Terminal Loopback Signal

DS3i-N-12 Bridged

E1-N Terminated

G-Series Ethernet Terminated1

1. G-Series Ethernet terminal loopback is terminated and Ethernet transmission is

disabled. No AIS is inserted for Ethernet, but a TPTFAIL alarm is raised on the

far-end Ethernet port.

MXP, MXPP trunk ports Bridged

MXP, MXPP client ports Terminated

TXP, TXPP trunk ports Bridged

TXP, TXPP client ports Terminated

STM1-E in STM1-E mode Terminated

STM1-E ports 9-12 in E4 mode2

2. For the STM1-E card, only Ports 9 through 12 can be placed in E4 mode.

Bridged

Source

ONS Node

Destination

ONS Node

XCE1N STM-N E1NXCSTM-N

Test Set

120194

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Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Troubleshooting Guide, R5.0

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Chapter 1 General Troubleshooting

1.1.2 Terminal Loopbacks

Figure 1-8 Terminal Loopback on an STM-N Card with Bridged Signal

G-Series Ethernet cards placed in terminal loopback have different performance monitoring behavior

from other ONS 15454 SDH cards. (For more information about performance monitoring counters, see

the Chapter 4, “Performance Monitoring.”) Setting a terminal loopback on the G-Series card might not

stop the Tx Packets counter or the Rx Packet counters on the CTC card-level view Performance >

Statistics page from increasing. The counters can increment even though the loopbacked port has

temporarily disabled the transmit laser and is dropping any received packets.

The Tx Packet statistic continues to increment because the statistic is not based on the packets

transmitted by the Tx laser but on the Tx signal inside the G-Series card. In normal Unlocked-enabled

port operation, the Tx signal being recorded does result in the Tx laser transmitting packets, but in a

terminal loopback this signal is being looped back within the G-Series card and does not result in the Tx

laser transmitting packets.

The Rx Packet counter might also continue to increment when the G-Series card is in terminal loopback.

Receive (Rx) packets from any connected device are dropped and not recorded, but the internally looped

back packets follow the G-Series card’s normal receive path and register on the Rx Packet counter.

MXP and TXP card facility loopbacks have different service state behaviors and requirements from other

ONS 15454 SDH cards. The cards can simultaneously maintain different service states. The following

behaviors also occur:

•For TXP and TXPP client-side facility loopback, the client port is in the

Locked-enabled,maintenance & loopback service state and the trunk port must be in

Unlocked-enabled service state.

•For MXP and MXPP cards with a client-side terminal loopback the client port is in the

Locked-enabled,maintenance & loopback service state and remaining client and trunk ports can be

in any service state.

•In MXP or TXP trunk-side terminal loopbacks, the trunk port is in the Locked-enabled,maintenance

& loopback service state and the client ports must be in Unlocked-enabled service state for complete

loopback functionality. A facility loopback affects all client ports because it is performed on the

aggregate signal.

The loopback itself is listed in the Conditions window. For example, the window would list the

LPBKTERMINAL condition or LPBKFACILITY condition for a tested port. (The Alarms window will

show AS-MT, which means that alarms are suppressed on the facility during loopback.)

In addition to the Conditions window listing, the following behaviors occur:

•If an electrical or optical port is in the Locked-enabled,disabled service state, it injects an AIS signal

upstream and downstream.

•When an electrical or optical port is placed in the Locked-enabled,maintenance service state before

loopback testing, the port clears the AIS signal upstream and downstream unless there is a

service-affecting defect that would also cause an AIS signal to be injected. For more information

about placing ports into alternate states for testing, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Procedure

Guide Chapter 5, “Turn Up Network.”

Source

ONS Node

Destination

ONS Node

XCSTM-N STM-N STM-NXCSTM-N

Test Set

120195

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Chapter 1 General Troubleshooting

1.1.3 Hairpin Circuits

A hairpin circuit brings traffic in and out on an electrical port rather than sending the traffic onto the

optical card. A hairpin loops back only the specific VC3 or VC4 circuit and does not cause an entire

optical port to loop back, thus preventing a drop of all traffic on the optical port. The hairpin allows you

to test a specific VC circuit on nodes running live traffic. Figure 1-9 shows the hairpin circuit path on an

E1-N-14 card.

Figure 1-9 Hairpin Circuit Path on an E1-N-14 Card

1.1.4 Cross-Connect Loopbacks

A cross-connect (XC) loopback tests an STM-N circuit path as it passes through the cross-connect card

and loops back to the port being tested without affecting other traffic on the optical port. Cross-connect

loopbacks are less invasive than terminal or facility loopbacks. Facility and terminal loopback testing

and circuit verification often involve taking down the whole line; however, a cross-connect loopback

allows you to create a loopback on any embedded channel at supported payloads of VC3 granularity and

higher. For example, you can loop back a single STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, etc. on an optical facility

(line) without interrupting the other synchronous transport signal (STS) circuits.

This test can be conducted locally or remotely through the CTC interface without on-site personnel. It

takes place only on an STM-N card and tests the traffic path on that VC (or higher) circuit through the

port and cross-connect card. The signal path is similar to a facility loopback.

The XC loopback breaks down the existing path and creates a new cross-connect—a hairpin—while the

source of the original path is set to inject a line-side “MS-AIS” condition, page 2-190. The loopback

signal path and AIS injection are shown in Figure 1-10.

STM-N

Test Set

XCE1N

120191

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Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Troubleshooting Guide, R5.0

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Chapter 1 General Troubleshooting

1.2 Troubleshooting Electrical Circuit Paths With Loopbacks

Figure 1-10 NE with SDH Cross-Connect Loopback Function

When creating cross-connect loopbacks, consult the following rules:

•You can create a cross-connect loopback on all working or protect optical ports unless the protect

port is used in a 1+1 protection group and is in working mode.

•If a terminal or facility loopback exists on a port, you cannot use the cross-connect loopback.

1.2 Troubleshooting Electrical Circuit Paths With Loopbacks

Facility (line) loopbacks, terminal (inward) loopbacks, and hairpin circuits are often used to test a circuit

path through the network or to logically isolate a fault. Performing a loopback test at each point along

the circuit path systematically isolates possible points of failure. These procedures apply to DS-3 and

E-1 electrical cards.

The example in this section tests an electrical circuit on a two-node multiplex section-shared protection

ring (MS-SPRing). Using a series of facility loopbacks, terminal loopbacks, hairpins, and where

appropriate cross-connect loopbacks (on optical paths carrying electrical circuits), the path of the circuit

is traced and the possible points of failure are tested and eliminated. A logical progression of five

network test procedures applies to this sample scenario:

Note The test sequence for your circuits will differ according to the type of circuit and network topology.

West to east direction (left to right):

1. A facility (line) loopback on the source-node electrical card (DS-3 or E-1)

2. A hairpin on the source-node electrical port

3. An XC loopback on the destination-node STM-N virtual concatenation (VC, carrying the electrical

circuit)

4. A terminal (inward) loopback on the destination-node electrical port

East to west direction (right to left):

1. A facility (line) loopback on the destination-node electrical port

2. A hairpin on the destination-node electrical port

3. An XC loopback on the source-node STM-N VC (carrying the electrical circuit)

4. A terminal (inward) loopback on the source-node electrical port

124542

External signals from

and to other equipment

Internal signals to and from

other equipment in the NE

OOS

O/E

E/O

RAIS

Equipment to perform

framing, scrambling, etc.

(such as signal terminating equipment)

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Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Troubleshooting Guide, R5.0

July 2005

Chapter 1 General Troubleshooting

1.2.1 Perform a Facility (Line) Loopback on a Source Electrical Port (West to East)

Note Facility, hairpin, and terminal loopback tests require on-site personnel.

1.2.1 Perform a Facility (Line) Loopback on a Source Electrical Port (West to

East)

The facility (line) loopback test is performed on the node source port in the network circuit; in this

example, the E1-N-14 port is the source. Completing a successful facility (line) loopback on this port

isolates the cabling, the electrical card, and the FMEC card as possible failure points. Figure 1-11 shows

an example of a facility loopback on a source E1-N-14 port.

Figure 1-11 Facility Loopback on a Circuit Source E1-N-14 Port

Caution Performing a loopback on an Unlocked circuit is service-affecting. To protect traffic, apply a lockout or

Force switch to the target loopback port. For more information about these operations, refer to the

Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Procedure Guide Chapter 15, “Maintain the Node.”

Note Electrical facility (line) loopbacks do not transmit an AIS condition in the direction away from the

loopback. Instead of an AIS, a continuance of the signal transmitted to the loopback is provided.

Complete the “Create the Facility (Line) Loopback on the Source Electrical Port” procedure on

page 1-10, then test and clear the loopback as instructed.

Create the Facility (Line) Loopback on the Source Electrical Port

Step 1 Connect an electrical test set to the port you are testing.

Step 2 Use appropriate cabling to attach the Tx and Rx terminals of the electrical test set to the FMEC

connectors or electrical connection panel for the port you are testing. The Tx and Rx terminals connect

to the same port.

Step 3 Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 4 In node view, double-click the card to display the card view.

Step 5 Click the Maintenance > Loopback tab.

Step 6 Choose Unlocked,maintenance from the Admin State column for the port being tested.

Source

ONS Node

Destination

ONS Node

E1N STM-NXC STM-N E1NXC

Test Set

120192

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