Digital Equipment PDP-11 Series Bedienungsanleitung

~nmnomn

000

processor

handbook

digtalequipmentcorporation

1975

by Digital

Equipment

Corporation

The

material

this

manual

for

informational

purposes and is

subject

change

without

notice.

Digital

Equipment

Corporation

assumes

no re-

sponsibility

for

any

errors

which

may

appear

this

handbook.

The

following

are

trademarks

Digital

Equipment

Corporation,

Maynard, Massachusetts:

DEC

FLIP CHIP

DIGITAL

LSl-11

PDP

FOCAL

DEC

CHAPTER

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

The LSl-11 Concept .

PDP-11/03

Features .

System

Architecture

Microcomputer

1.5.1 General Registers

1.5.2

The Processor

Status

Word .....

i.5.3

Instruction

Set .

LSl-11

Memory

Organization

LSl-11 BUS

1.7.1

Bidirectional

Lines

1.7

Master

Slave Relation

1.7.3

Interlocked

Communication

CHAPTER 2 SPECIFICATIONS

..........

2.1 LSl-11

Operating

Specifications

.................

2.2

PDP-11/03

Operating

Specifications ... .

2.3

H9270

Backplane Packaging and

Mounting

2.4

PDP-11/03

Packaging and

Mounting

.....

CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING MODES ....

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

Single Operand Addressing ....

Double Operand

Addressing

Direct

Addressing

3.3.1

3.3.2

Autoincrement

Mode .

3.3.3

Autodecrement

(Mode

3.3.4

Index Mode

(Mode

Deferred

(Indirect)

Addressing

...............

Use

the

as a General Register .

3.5.1

Immediate

Mode .....

3.5.2

Absolute

Addressing ......

3.5.3

Relative Addressing .

3.5.4

Relative Deferred Addressing

Use

Stack

Pointer

as General Register .

Summary

Addressing Modes

3.7.1 General Register

Addressing

..................

3.7.2

Program

Counter

Addressing

CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET

4.1

Introduction

4.2

Instruction

Formats

.........

4.3

List

Instructions

4.4

Single Operand

Instructions

............

4.5

Double Operand

Instructions

4.6

Program

Control

Instructions

iii

1-1

1-3

1-4

1-5

1-7

1-8

1-9

1-10

1-12

2-1

2-2

3-1

3-3

3-5

3-7

3-8

3-9

3-11

3-13

3-14

3-15

3-16

3-17

3-19

4-1

4-2

4-4

4-6

4-24

4-34

CHAPTER 5 PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

5.1 The Stack ·

5.2 Subroutine Linkage ....

5.2.1 Subroutine Calls

5.2.2

Argument

Transmission

5.2.3

Subroutine

Return .......................

5.2.4 LSl-11 Set Subroutine Calls

5.3

Interrupts

.....

....

... ................

5.3.1· General Principles .

5.3.2

Nesting

5.4

Programming

Peripherals

5.5 Device Registers

CHAPTER 6 EXTENDED ARITHMETIC OPTION

6.1 General ..........

6.2

Fixed Point

Arithmetic

(EIS)

.................

6.3

Floating Point

Arithmetic

(FIS) .

CHAPTER 7 CONSOLE OPERATION

7-1 General

............

7.2

Interfacing

7.3 CDT/Console Microcode

APPENDIX A

Memory

Map

....

APPENDIX B

Instruction

Timing

APPENDIX C

LSl·ll

PDP-11

Family

Computers

........

APPENDIX D

Instruction

Index

APPENDIX E

Summary

LSl-11

Instructions

.....

5·1

5-1

5.5

5-6

5.9

5·10

5-10

5-11

5·13

5-14

6·1

6-1

6-6

7·1

7-1

7-2

A·l

B·l

C·l

D·l

E·l

The LSl-11

(PDPll/03)

the

smallest

member

the

PDP-11

family

computer

systems.

offers

the

user

minicomputer

performance

in a

microcomputer

package

that

crosses

traditional

industry

barriers.

There-

fore,

the

us,er can

truly

add

computer

power

systems

previously

too

small

for

computer

application.

Yet

for

our

traditional

user,

the

boxed ver-

sion

the

LSl-11,

the

PDPll/03,

offers

completely

integrated

smaller

systems

tool

lower

cost

without

sacrificing

performance.

The

LSl-11

(PDPll/03)

maintains

traditional

PDP-11

architectural

compatibility.

This

includes

programs

64K

bytes

and

the

use

the

(optional)

floating

instruction

set

(FIS)

and

extended

instruction

set

(EIS).

Since

the

main

design

objective

the

PDP-11

family

has

always

been

optimize

total

system

performance,

the

interaction

software

and

hardware

have been

carefully

considered

every

step

the

design

process. The

initial

PDP-11 was

specified

the

ISP

language

and

ex-

tensively

simulated

and

benchmarked.

The

effort

bringing

the

LSl-11

the

marketplace

has

required

exten-

sive

design

engineering

ranging

over

many

disciplines.

The basic N-chan-

nel MOS

semiconductor

densities

are

state-of-the-art,

since

the

PDP-11

requires

many

circuits.

fact,

the

4-chips

that

comprise

the

processor

have

approximately

50,000

active

elements

in an area

about

4 x

200

mils

200

mils

(0.16

square

inches).

Extensive

circuit

simulation

was

carried

out

for

the

basic

circuits

that

comprise

those

elements-using

DECsystem-10.

The

basic

logic

masks

were

laid

out

using

Applicon

system

for

computer-aided-design,

which

based on a PDP-11.

Two

levels

simulation

were

carried

out

on a

DECsystem-10

check

the

logic

(Gate Level), and

the

behavior

the

microprograms

(Register-

Transfer

Level). Finally,

complete

systems

were

simulated

(including

1/0

equipment).

All

the

preparation

the

design

and

production

computers,

be-

lieve,

necessary

support

our

main

goal:

providing

high

performance

quality

computers

the

lowest

cost

which

you,

our

users, can

apply

them.

fL~

Gordon

Bell

Vice President,

Engineering

Digital

Equipment

Corporation

CHAPTER

INTRODUCTION

1.1 THE

LSl·ll

CONCEPT

DIGITAL

introduced

the

first

PDP-11 Processor in 1970. Since

then,

fam·

ily

PDP-11

Computer

products

has been

constantly

evolving-not

just

family

processors,

but

family

peripherals, software, and ser-

vices. Today,

the

PDP-11

family

the

broadest

family

compatible

computer

products

the

market,

with

one

the

latest

additions

being

the

LSl-11.

The LSl-11 is a

16-bit

microcomputer

with

the

speed and

instruction

set

minicomputer.

Due

its

size and

unique

capabilities,

can

fit

into

almost

any

instrumentation,

data processing,

controller

configuration.

1.2

PDP-11/03

The

PDP-11/03,

3lh

19"W

13%

boxed version

the

LSl-11,

is designed as an

off-the-shelf

microcomputer

system.

consists

LSl-11

microcomputer,

modular

power supply, and a

mounting

box. The

mounting

box is designed

mount

in a

standard

19"

cabinet. For a

description

PDP-11/03

specifications,

refer

Chapter

1.3 FEATURES

The LSl-11 has

the

following

features:

•

400

Plus

Instruction

Set

than

400

instructions

make

the

LSl-11

extensive

instruction

set.

This

instruction

set

(also used by

the

PDP-11/

35,40)

permits

the

user

take advantage

standard

PDP-11 software. The

only

depar-

ture

from

the

standard

software

the

addition

two

new

instruc-

tions,

used

explicitly

access

the

processor

status

word (PSW),

De-

velopment

programs

as in

the

PDP-11

family

include

assemblers,

linkers, editors, loaders,

utility

packages,

operating

systems, and

higher

level languages.

• Extensive

Compute

Power and Small Processor Size

The processor

module

built

around

set

four

N-channel

metal

oxide

semiconductor

(MOS) chips,

which

include

control

and

data

elements

as well as

two

microcoded

read-only

memories

(microms).

The

latter

are

programmed

emulate

the

powerful

PDP-11/35,40

in-

struction

set,

along

with

routines

for

on-line

debugging

techniques

(ODT),

operator

interfacing,

and

boot-strap

loader capability. The

processor also

contains

16-bit

buffered

parallel

input/

output

(I/

bus, a

4096-word

MOS random-access

memory

(RAM), a real-time

clock

input,

priority

interrupt

control

logic, power-fail/

auto

restart, and

other

features

provide

stand-alone

operation.

The

entire

processor,

plus all

the

above-mentioned features, are

contained

on one 8.5-by-

10-inch

printed

circuit

board.

1-1

•

Modularity

The processor, memory, device interfaces, backplane, and intercon-

necting

hardware are all

modular

in design. Module selection, such as

the

type

and size

memory,

and device interfaces, enable

custom

tailoring

meet

specific

application

requirements.

• Serial and Parallel 1/0 Modules

Serial and parallel

1/0

modules

are available

for

interfacing

the

pro-

cessor bus

with

external devices. These modules

simplify

connection

peripherals when and

required, and also

facilitate

assembly

prototype

systems

without

penalizing

later

development

customized

interfaces.

• Choice

Memory

modules are offered

for

applications

requinng

storage

than

is available

with

the

4096-word

MOS random-access

memory

the

processor board. Included are a non-volatile 4096-word core mem-

ory, a 1024-word

static

RAM, a

4096-word

dynamic

RAM

which can be

automatically

refreshed by central processor microcode, and read·only

memory

(PROM/ROM)

with

capacity

maximum

4096

words in

512-word

increments

(2048

words in 256-word

increments).

•

16-Bit

Word (Two

8-Bit

Bytes)

Direct

addressing

32K

16-bit

words.

• Word

Byte Processing

Very

efficient

handling

8-bit

characters

without

the

need

rotate,

swap,

mask.

• Asynchronous Operation

System

components

run

their

highest

possible speed;

replacement

with

faster

devices means

faster

operation

without

other

hardware

software changes.

• Stack Processing

Hardware sequential

memory

manipulation

makes

easy

handle

structured

data, subroutines, and

interrupts.

•

Direct

Memory

Access (OMA)

Inherent

the

architecture

direct

memory

access

for

multiple

de-

vices.

• 8 General-Purpose Registers

For

accumulators

address generation.

• Priority-Structured

0 System

Daisy-chained

grant

signals provide a

priority-structured

1/0 system.

• Vectored

Interrupts

Fast

interrupt

response

without

device polling.

• Single and Double Operand

Instructions

Powerful and convenient

set

programming

instructions.

• Power-Fail/Auto Restart

Whenever

power sequencing signals

indicate

impending

power loss, a microcoded power-fail sequence is

initiated.

When power

is restored,

the

processor can

automatically

return

the

run state.

Four

options

are available

for

power up sequencing.

J-2

1.4

SYSTEM

ARCHITECTURE

complete

and

powerful

microcomputer

system can be

configured

utilizing

the

KDll-F

microcomputer,

appropriate

memory,

1/0 devices,

and

interconnection

hardware.

The

LSl-11 bus

(implemented

the

H9270

card

guide

backplane

assembly)

the

interface

which

enables a

complete

system

be configured.

H9270

BACKPLANE

SERIAL PARALLEL

DEVICES

MSVll·A

11(

•

SIT RAM

LSI

·11

BUS

MSV11·8

41(•16

BIT

RAM

MMVll·AA

41(

•16

BIT

CORE

Figure 1-1 LSl-11 System

Configuration

SPECIAL

HIGH·SPfEO

USER

INTERFACES

All LSl-11

modules

connected

this

common

bus

structure

receive

the

same

interface

signals. LSl-11 bus

control

and data lines are bidirec·

tional,

open-collector

lines

which

are asserted when low. All

transactions

the

bus are asynchronous. The bus is composed

multiplexed

data/

address lines,

six

data

transfer

control

lines, six system

control

lines, and five

interrupt

and

direct

memory

access

(DMA)

control

lines.

Interrupt

and

DMA

are

implemented

with

two

daisy-chained

grant

sig-

nals which

provide

priority-structured

1/0

system. The

highest

priority

device is

the

module

electrically

located closest

the

microcomputer

module.

Only when a device is

not

asserting

a request does

pass

grant

signals

lower

priority

devices.

The LSl-11

bus

provides a vectored

interrupt

interface

for

any

device.

Device

polling

not

required in processing

interrupt

requests. When an

interrupting

device receives a

grant,

the

device passes

the

processor

interrupt

vector

which

points

a new processor

status

word

and

the

starting

address

interrupt

service

routine

for

the

device.

The

H9270

backplane

assembly

contains

all

the

wiring

for

the

LSl-11

bus, plus

standard

power

and system

control

wires.

1-3

Andere Handbücher für PDP-11 Series

Dieses Handbuch passt für folgende Modelle

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Andere Digital Equipment Computerhardware Handbücher

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment PDP-8 Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment VAXft Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment VAX 4000 Series Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment VT 14 Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment BA11-K Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment VAX 6000 Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment M7142 Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment Unibus VAX-11/780 Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment VAX 4000 Series Leitfaden

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment MS11-BC Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment PDP-11 Series Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment PDP-8/L Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment ALPHA PC Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment VAX 6000 Series Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment DF32 Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment VAX-11 /730 Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment GT44 Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment PDT 11/150 Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment PDP-9 Leitfaden

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment VAX 4000 100 Leitfaden

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment 300 Series AXP Leitfaden

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment 300 Series AXP Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment 1200 Series Bedienungsanleitung

Digital Equipment

Digital Equipment Venturis FX Bedienungs- und Wartungsanleitung

Beliebte Computerhardware Handbücher anderer Marken

EMC2

EMC2 VNX Series Betriebsanleitung

Panasonic

Panasonic DV0PM20105 Bedienungsanleitung

Mitsubishi Electric

Mitsubishi Electric Q81BD-J61BT11 Bedienungsanleitung

Gigabyte

Gigabyte B660M DS3H AX DDR4 Bedienungsanleitung

Raidon

Raidon iT2300 Bedienungsanleitung

National Instruments

National Instruments PXI-8186 Bedienungsanleitung

Hauppauge

Hauppauge WinTV-HVR-2250 Bedienungsanleitung

Kontron

Kontron CP6002 Bedienungsanleitung

Manhattan

Manhattan 702843 Bedienungsanleitung

Aphex

Aphex 230 Bedienungsanleitung

Intel

Intel NUC 12 Pro Bedienungsanleitung

Galaxy

Galaxy GHDX2-2430S-24F4D Bedienungsanleitung

Intel

Intel AXXRMFBU4 Bedienungsanleitung

Kontron

Kontron DIMM-PC/MD Bedienungsanleitung

ST X-NUCLEO-SAFEA1B Betriebsanleitung

STEINWAY LYNGDORF

STEINWAY LYNGDORF SP-1 Bedienungsanleitung

Advantech

Advantech ASMB-935 Series Bedienungsanleitung

Jupiter

Jupiter RAM PACK Bedienungsanleitung