LEGO Architecture United Nations Headquarters Bedienungsanleitung

UnitedNationsHeadquarters

NewYorkCityNYUSA

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United Nations

Headquarters

Standing on the eastern shore of Manhattan, on the

banks of New York City’s East River, the United Nations

Headquarters has become an acclaimed modernist

architectural landmark. In an ambitious attempt to match

the United Nations’ own spirit of international cooperation,

it was created through the collaborative eﬀort of a

multinational team of leading architects that included,

amongst others, Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier.

Situé sur la rive est de Manhattan, au bord de l’East

River à New York, le siège des Nations Unies est

devenu un célèbre monument architectural moderniste.

Dans une tentative ambitieuse de reproduire l’esprit

de coopération internationale des Nations Unies, il fut

créé grâce au travail de collaboration d’une équipe

internationale d’architectes de premier plan, notamment

Oscar Niemeyer et Le Corbusier.

Le siège des Nations Unies

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©United Nations Photos

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History

The United Nations organization was oﬃcially formed in

October 1945 as the Second World War came to an end.

In December of that year, the Congress of the United

States unanimously resolved to invite the United Nations

to establish its permanent home in the USA. Thereafter, a

special United Nations site committee studied possible

locations in such places as Philadelphia, Boston and San

Francisco.

While consideration was given to areas north of New

York City, crowded Manhattan had not been seriously

investigated. A last-minute oﬀer of $8.5 million by John

D. Rockefeller, Jr., for the purchase of the present site

was accepted by a majority of the General Assembly in

December 1946.

The site chosen by the United Nations was a 17 acre

(69,000m2) run-down area of slaughterhouses, light

industry and a railroad barge landing. Once the site

was agreed upon, the next task was to design the

Headquarters itself. Delegates decided that the United

Nations home should be the joint project of leading

architects from many countries. Wallace K. Harrison of

the United States was appointed chief architect and

given the title of Director of Planning. A ten-member

Board of Design Consultants was selected to assist him,

composed of architects nominated by member States.

The members of the Board were Nikolai G. Bassov

(Soviet Union); Gaston Brunfaut (Belgium); Ernest Cormier

(Canada); Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, better known as

Le Corbusier (France); Liang Seu-Cheng (China); Sven

Markelius (Sweden); Oscar Niemeyer (Brazil); Sir Howard

Robertson (United Kingdom); G. A. Soilleux (Australia);

and Julio Vilamajo (Uruguay). The Director and the Board

began their work early in 1947 from an oﬃce in the

Rockefeller Center. Some 50 basic designs were created,

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criticized, analyzed and reworked. The planners had to

take into account the structure of the United Nations

with its General Assembly, three main Councils and

permanent Secretariat.

©United Nations Photos

L’Organisation des Nations Unies fut oﬃciellement

formée en octobre 1945 à la ﬁn de la Deuxième Guerre

mondiale.

En décembre de la même année, le Congrès des États-

Unis vota à l’unanimité d’inviter les Nations Unies à

établir leur siège permanent aux États-Unis. Un comité

spécial pour le site des Nations Unies étudia par la

suite d’éventuels emplacements à des endroits tels que

Philadelphie, Boston et San Francisco.

Des espaces au nord de New York furent envisagés,

mais la zone surpeuplée de Manhattan ne fut pas

sérieusement étudiée. À la dernière minute, une oﬀre de

8,5 millions de dollars de John D. Rockefeller Jr., pour

l’achat du site actuel, fut acceptée à la majorité par

l’Assemblée générale en décembre 1946.

Histoire

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Le site choisi par les Nations Unies était un espace

abandonné de 69 000 m2 comprenant des abattoirs, des

industries légères et un débarcadère. Une fois le site

choisi, il fallut créer le siège. Les délégués décidèrent que

le siège des Nations Unies devait être le projet commun

de célèbres architectes venant de nombreux pays.

L’américain Wallace K. Harrison fut désigné architecte

en chef et reçut le titre de Directeur de la planiﬁcation.

Un comité de dix consultants fut sélectionné pour l’aider,

composé d’architectes nommés par les États membres.

Les membres du comité étaient Nikolai G. Bassov

(Communauté des États indépendants - ancienne

Union soviétique); Gaston Brunfaut (Belgique); Ernest

Cormier (Canada); Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, plus

connu comme Le Corbusier (France); Liang Seu-Cheng

(Chine); Sven Markelius (Suède); Oscar Niemeyer (Brésil);

Sir Howard Robertson (Royaume-Uni); G. A. Soilleux

(Australie); et Julio Vilamajo (Uruguay). Le directeur et le

comité commencèrent leur travail au début de 1947, dans

un bureau du Rockefeller Center. Environ 50 concepts

de base furent créés, critiqués, analysés et retravaillés.

Les organisateurs devaient également tenir compte

de la structure des Nations Unies avec son Assemblée

générale, ses trois Conseils principaux et son Secrétariat

permanent.

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From the 50 designs evaluated by the Board, scheme 32,

submitted by the Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer, was

initially selected as the most interesting plan.

Niemeyer’s original idea for the site included three

structures standing free, with a fourth lying low behind

them along the river’s edge. He chose to split the councils

from the Assembly Hall, creating a grand public plaza in

between the two areas.

The only board member who wasn’t completely won

over by Niemeyer’s elegantly articulated composition

was Swiss-born Le Corbusier. His design, scheme nr 23,

had proposed a single block in the center of the site

containing both the Assembly Hall and the diﬀerent

councils.

Le Corbusier approached Niemeyer and suggested

repositioning the Assembly Hall to the center of the site.

Although this would radically change his idea of a large,

open civic square, Niemeyer accepted the modiﬁcation

and both architects re-submitted a joint plan, which is the

building complex that can be seen today.

The original budget for the project was ﬁrst estimated

at $85 million, but savings and re-workings of the plan

reduced this to $65 million. The United States Government

provided an interest-free loan for the whole amount to

cover the entire construction costs.

With the plans approved and the ﬁnance in place,

the decision to carry them out moved ahead quickly.

Nineteen months later, on 21 August 1950, the ﬁrst

Secretariat workers moved into their new oﬃces.

As the chosen site was relatively small, bounded on

one side by the East River Drive (later the Franklin D.

Roosevelt East River Drive) and on the other by the East

River itself,

Design & Construction

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it was obvious that a tall building would be required to

house all of the oﬃces. Niemeyer’s 39-story Secretariat

Building was controversial in its time, but has since

become an icon for the modernist style of the complex.

The exterior facings of the 550-foot tall (167.6 m) Secretariat

Building were made exclusively of aluminum, glass and

marble. Wide areas of green-tinted glass were unbroken

by conventional setbacks. In contrast, the windowless

north and south facades of the building were faced with

2,000 tons (1814 metric tons) of Vermont marble.

In keeping with the international character of the United

Nations, materials for the Headquarters were selected

from many lands. Limestone for the facings of the

Assembly and Conference Buildings came from the United

Kingdom; marble from Italy; oﬃce furniture and shelving

from France; chairs and fabrics from Czechoslovakia (now

the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic) and Greece;

carpets from England, France and Scotland. In addition,

tables were purchased from Switzerland and various

woods for interior ﬁnishing came from Belgium, Canada,

Cuba, Guatemala, the Philippines, Norway and Zaire (now

the Democratic Republic of the Congo).

©Wikipedia

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