Malvern Mastersizer Series Bedienungsanleitung
Getting Started
Getting Started
MAN 0101 Issue1.3 August 1997
©
Malvern Instruments Ltd. 1995, 1997.
Malvern Instruments makes every effort to ensure that this document is correct. However,
due to Malvern Instruments policy of continual product development we are unable to
guarantee the accuracy of this, or any other document after the date of publication. We
therefore disclaim all liability for any changes, errors or omissions after the date of
publication.
No reproduction or transmission of any part of this publication is allowed without the express
written permission of Malvern Instruments Ltd.
Head office:
Malvern Instruments Ltd.
Spring Lane South,
Malvern.
Worcestershire. WR14 1XZ
U.K.
Tel + [44] (0) 1684-892456
Fax + [44] (0) 1684-892789
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Tygon is a registered trademark of Cole Parmer Instruments Company Limited.
Printed in England
Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to this manual
Welcome 1-1
Systems covered by this manual 1-1
Access to the instrument 1-2
Assumed information 1-3
Windows terms 1-3
Menu commands 1-5
Where to find information 1-5
Other reading 1-7
Chapter 2 - Getting to know your system
Introduction 2-1
A typical system 2-1
The optical unit 2-2
The transmitter 2-2
The sample area 2-4
The receiver 2-7
Differences between the long and standard bench Mastersizers 2-9
The Malvern software 2-10
The Mastersizer program group 2-10
Finding your way around the screen 2-11
Modes of operation 2-15
Menu mode 2-15
Easy mode 2-15
Program mode 2-16
Getting help 2-16
CONTENTS
GETTING STARTED
Page i
On-line help 2-16
The F1 Function key 2-17
The Help menu 2-17
The Help window 2-17
Jumps and Popups 2-18
Status line 2-19
Reporting Problems 2-19
Chapter 3 - How the Mastersizer works
Introduction 3-1
What does the Mastersizer do? 3-1
How does the Mastersizer do it? 3-2
How to make a measurement 3-4
How to analyse the measurement data 3-6
The analysis model 3-6
The presentation 3-6
Calculating the result 3-7
Viewing the result 3-8
Saving the result 3-8
Chapter 4 - Making a measurement
Introduction 4-1
General measurement advice 4-1
Sample preparation 4-2
Cleanliness of the optical system 4-2
Choosing a range lens 4-3
Size range of your sample 4-3
Sample dispersion method 4-5
As general advice 4-5
CONTENTS Getting Started
Page ii
MAN 0101
Avoiding lens cut off (Vignetting) 4-5
Always measure a background 4-6
Making a measurement 4-6
Instrument preparation 4-6
Document the measurement 4-8
An introduction to the measure windows 4-8
Align the system 4-10
Take a background measurement 4-11
Add the sample 4-11
Measure the sample 4-13
Chapter 5 - Analysing the measurement data
Introduction 5-1
Choosing the correct analysis mode 5-1
Choosing the correct presentation 5-3
The Malvern presentation grid 5-3
Methods of selecting a presentation 5-5
When is the presentation important? 5-6
Selecting a presentation 5-7
Special Presentations 5-8
Calculating the result 5-8
Chapter 6 - Viewing and printing the results
Introduction 6-1
Views 6-1
Reports 6-3
Overview of the standard views and reports 6-4
Understanding printing 6-6
Selecting fonts for graphs and tables 6-7
CONTENTS
GETTING STARTED
Page iii
The Graph fonts 6-7
The Table fonts 6-7
Installing and selecting a printer 6-8
Changing print settings 6-9
Printing from the Mastersizer 6-9
Chapter 7 - Interpreting the results
Introduction 7-1
Fundamental concepts 7-1
Results are volume based 7-1
Equivalent spheres 7-2
Derived distribution parameters 7-3
Understanding the tables and graphs 7-4
Chapter 8 - Automating the process
Introduction 8-1
Setting up a sequence 8-1
Chapter 9 - Sample preparation
Introduction 9-1
Representative sampling 9-1
Considerations for dry samples 9-2
Considerations for wet samples 9-3
Choice and preparation of the dispersant 9-3
Surfactants and admixtures 9-5
Surfactants 9-5
Admixtures 9-6
Slurries 9-6
The use of ultrasonics 9-6
CONTENTS Getting Started
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MAN 0101
Samples with unstable concentrations 9-7
Bubbles 9-7
Summary of sample preparation 9-8
Chapter 10 - Advanced result processing
Modifying results 10-1
Killing channels 10-1
Killing data channels 10-1
Killing result channels 10-3
Using the Kill cursors 10-4
Shape correction - Changing the size calibration 10-4
Extending the result 10-6
Transforming result type 10-7
Blending results 10-8
Multiple modifications 10-9
Tromp curve analysis 10-9
Chapter 11 - Maintenance
Introduction 11-1
Replacing the sample tubing 11-1
Replacing fuses 11-2
Cleaning the covers 11-3
Cleaning the optics 11-4
Cleaning the cell windows 11-4
Cleaning the range lenses 11-6
Cleaning the beam expander 11-7
Appendix A - Specification
Introduction A-1
CONTENTS
GETTING STARTED
Page v
Particle sizing specification A-1
Optical unit specification A-2
Computer requirements (minimum) A-4
Mastersizer programme specification A-5
Software Revision Level A-6
Appendix B - Chemical compatibility
Introduction B-1
Components in contact with sample and dispersant B-1
Wet sample measurements B-1
Dry sample measurements B-1
Spray measurements B-2
Appendix C - Remote interlock
Remote interlock C-1
Appendix D - Estimating the absorption
Introduction D-1
Estimating the absorption using concentration measurements D-1
Appendix E - Advice for continuous sprays
Introduction E-1
Arrange for the spray to be extracted E-1
Use the correct optical configuration E-1
Positioning the spray nozzle E-1
Don’t spray the optical unit E-2
Ensure the spray is stable during measurement E-2
CONTENTS Getting Started
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MAN 0101
Appendix F - Malvern addresses
Malvern subsidiaries F-1
Appendix G - EMC performance
Statement of EMC performance G-1
Statement of EMC performance for the Mastersizer S G-1
Equipment under test G-1
Test conditions G-1
EMC performance G-2
Statement of EMC performance for the Mastersizer X G-3
Equipment under test G-3
Test conditions G-3
EMC performance G-3
CONTENTS
GETTING STARTED
Page vii
CONTENTS Getting Started
Page viii
MAN 0101
Dieses Handbuch passt für folgende Modelle
6
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