Megger KMK 8 Bedienungsanleitung

Mess

- und Ortungstechnik

Measuring and Locating Technologies

Elektrizitätsnetze

Power Networks

Kommunikationsnetze

Communication Networks

Rohrleitungsnetze

Water Networks

Abwassernetze

Sewer Systems

Leitungsortung

Line Locating

User Manual

Issue: 1 (08/2011) -

Cable Fault Locator

KMK 8

CONSULTATION WITH MEGGER

The present system manual has been designed as an operating guide

and for reference. It is meant to answer your questions and solve your

problems in as fast and easy a way as possible. Please start with

referring to this manual should any trouble occur.

In doing so, make use of the table of contents and read the relevant

paragraph with great attention. Furthermore, check all terminals and

connections of the instruments involved.

Should any question remain unanswered, please contact:

Megger Limited

Seba Dynatronic

Mess- und Ortungstechnik GmbH

Archcliffe Road

Kent CT17 9EN

T: +44 1304 502100

F: +44 1304 207342

E: uks[email protected]om

Dr.-Herbert-Iann-Str. 6

D - 96148 Baunach

T: +49 9544 68 – 0

F: +49 9544 22 73

E: sales@sebakmt.com

Hagenuk KMT

Kabelmesstechnik GmbH

Megger USA

Röderaue 41

D - 01471 Radeburg / Dresden

T: +49 35208 84 – 0

F: +49 35208 84 249

E: sales@sebakmt.com

Valley Forge Corporate Centre

2621 Van Buren Avenue

Norristown, PA 19403 USA

T: +1 610 676 8500

F: +1 610 676 8610

Megger

unless Megger have before-hand declared their consent in writing. The content of this

handbook is subject to change without notice. Megger cannot be made liable for technical or

printing errors or shortcomings of this handbook. Megger also disclaims all responsibility for

damage resulting directly or indirectly from the delivery, supply, or use of this matter.

TERMS OF WARRANTY

Megger will accept a warranty claim brought forward by a customer for a

product sold by Megger under the terms stated below.

Megger guarantees that at the time of delivery Megger products are free

from faults in material and workmanship which would reduce their value

and serviceability to a large degree. This warranty does not cover any

error in the software supplied. During the warranty period Megger will

repair faulty parts or replace them with new parts or parts as new (with

the same usability and life as new parts) at their discretion.

Further warranty claims, in particular those from consequential damage,

cannot be accepted. Each component and product replaced in

accordance with this warranty becomes the property of Megger.

All warranty claims versus Megger expire after a period of 12 months

from the date of delivery. Each component supplied by Megger in the

context of warranty will also be covered by this warranty for the remaining

period of time, but at least for 90 days.

Each measure to remedy a warranty claim must be carried out

exclusively by Megger or one of their authorised service stations.

It is a precondition for accepting a warranty claim that the customer com-

plains about the fault, in a case of an immediately detectable fault within

10 days from the date of delivery.

This warranty does not cover any fault or damage caused by exposing a

product to conditions which are not in accordance with this specification,

by storing, transporting or using it improperly, or having it serviced or in-

stalled by a workshop not authorised by Megger. No claim will be ac-

cepted in case of wear and tear, will of God, or connection to foreign

components.

For any damage resulting from a violation of their duty to repair or re-

supply items, Megger can be made liable only in case of severe

negligence or intention. Any liability for slight negligence is disclaimed.

CONTENTS

1INTRODUCTION .......................................................................1-1

1.1 Application .................................................................................1-1

1.2 Application Guide for Fault Location..........................................1-4

1.2.1 Active Bridge .........................................................................1-5

1.2.2 Passive Wheatstone-Bridge ..................................................1-5

1.2.3 End to End Synchronic Measuring Method...........................1-5

1.3 General Features.......................................................................1-6

2KEYBOARD, SOCKETS AND LEDS .......................................2-1

2.1 Connectors & Balance Controls.................................................2-4

3OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS .................................................3-5

3.1 Start up and general rules .........................................................3-5

3.2 Calibration..................................................................................3-6

3.3 Storage and Recall of Measuring Results .................................3-8

3.4 Provided Special Actions after Measurements..........................3-9

4TDR MEASUREMENTS............................................................4-1

4.1 Principles of Operation ..............................................................4-1

4.2 Settings before Measurement....................................................4-3

4.3 Test of a Single Pair...................................................................4-6

4.4 Waveform Evaluation.................................................................4-7

4.5 Location of Cross Talk Points ....................................................4-8

4.6 Comparison of Two Pairs ..........................................................4-8

4.7 Comparison to Stored Result.....................................................4-9

4.8 Application Guide (General Hints for TDR) .............................4-10

4.9 Typical Waveforms ..................................................................4-11

4.10 Obtaining the Missing V/2 ...................................................4-15

5ACTIVE BRIDGE.......................................................................5-1

5.1 Interference Voltage Measurement (AC and DC)......................5-1

5.2 Resistance Measurements ........................................................5-2

5.2.1 Loop Resistance Measurement (2 WIRE).............................5-2

5.2.2 Loop Resistance Measurement (2-WIRE & GND) ................5-4

5.2.3 Resistance Difference Measurement ....................................5-5

5.2.4 Insulation Resistance Measurement .....................................5-6

5.3 Capacitance Measurements ......................................................5-8

5.3.1 Capacitance Measurement (2 WIRE)....................................5-9

5.3.2 Capacitance Measurement (2 WIRE&GND) .......................5-10

5.3.3 Capacitive Balance Measurement.......................................5-12

5.4 DC Fault Location with MURRAY Method...............................5-13

5.5 DC Fault Location with Küpfmüller Method .............................5-15

5.6 DC Fault Location with 3 Point Method ...................................5-18

5.7 DC Fault Location with repeated KÜPFMÜLLER method.......5-20

5.8 AC Fault Location with Interruption Measurement ..................5-23

5.9 AC Fault Location with repeated KÜPFMÜLLER method .......5-24

6PASSIVE BRIDGE ....................................................................6-1

6.1 Principles of Operation ..............................................................6-1

6.2 Loop Resistance Measurement.................................................6-2

6.3 Insulation Resistance Measurement .........................................6-3

6.4 Resistance Difference Measurement ........................................ 6-5

6.5 DC Fault Location with MURRAY Method................................. 6-7

6.6 DC Fault Location with 3 Point Method ...................................6-10

6.7 DC Fault Location with Küpfmüller Method .............................6-14

6.8 AC Fault Location with Küpfmüller Method .............................6-18

6.9 Capacitive Balance Measurement...........................................6-22

7END TO END SYNCHRONOUS MEASUREMENT..................7-1

8PRE MEASUREMENTS............................................................8-1

8.1 Survey of Pair Condition............................................................8-1

8.2 AC DC Voltage Measurement ...................................................8-3

8.3 Loop Resistance Measurement.................................................8-4

8.4 Insulation Resistance Measurement .........................................8-5

8.5 DC Current Measurement ......................................................... 8-6

8.6 Cable Temperature Measurement............................................. 8-7

9AUTOMATIC TEST SEQUENCES ........................................... 9-1

9.1 Automatic Quick Test.................................................................9-1

9.2 Automatic Quality Test...............................................................9-2

10 BATTERY MANAGER ............................................................10-1

10.1 Battery Capacity Indication..................................................10-1

10.2 Normal Charging .................................................................10-1

10.3 Fast Charging......................................................................10-2

10.4 Regenerating Charge Process............................................10-2

10.5 Initial Charging ....................................................................10-2

10.6 Automatic Battery Switch-Off ..............................................10-3

10.7 Battery Life Expectancy.......................................................10-3

10.8 Charging During Measurement ...........................................10-3

11 USB PORTS............................................................................11-1

11.1 Result Transfer from KMK 8 to USB flash drive..................11-2

11.2 Result Transfer from USB flash drive to KMK 8..................11-3

12 STATUS & OPTIONS..............................................................12-1

13 UPGRADE (KMK8U.EXE) ......................................................13-1

14 DEMOPROGRAMM (KMK8D.EXE)........................................14-1

15 SETTINGS ...............................................................................15-1

16 LOOP CLOSING DEVICE KLC 8 ...........................................16-1

17 INTELLIGENT SLAVE KMK 80S (OPTIONAL) .....................17-1

18 SPECIFICATIONS...................................................................18-3

18.1 General Specifications.........................................................18-3

18.2 TDR .....................................................................................18-5

18.3 Active Bridge .......................................................................18-7

18.4 Passive Bridge...................................................................18-11

18.5 Pre Measurements ............................................................18-15

18.6 Quick Test .........................................................................18-19

18.7 Quality Test .......................................................................18-20

19 SCOPE OF DELIVERY AND OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES ...19-1

1-1

1 INTRODUCTION

This Operating Manual is intended to help the user in operating

Cable Fault Locator KMK 8 explaining the operation rules. While following

the instructions as given below, it is recommended to use the demo

program found on the CD inside the carrying case. Running the demo

under WINDOWS will show you the front panel of the instrument with

display and keyboard. By clicking with the mouse on the keyboard, the

“virtual” KMK 8 will behave as the real instrument, helping the user to

carry out complete measuring procedures, but of course only “virtually”.

1.1 Application

KMK 8 hand-held small size instrument is intended to test the quality of

telecom cables during installation and to locate cable faults. That

combined instrument provides the followings:

•Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR)

•Active bridge for comfortable automatic, and accurate DC, AC

fault location and resistance, capacitance measurements on lines

with only small interference voltages

•Passive Wheatstone bridge for DC, AC fault location and

resistance, capacitive measurements on lines with heavy interfer-

ence voltages

•A voltage measurement module for measurements of AC and DC

interference voltages at cable systems.

•Voltage meter module to measure the DC and AC interference

voltages on the line

•Warning and information-systems continuously informing the user

about interference voltages to ensure the best measurement

accuracy.

•Remote control system for the far end loop closing device

1-2

In TDR mode KMK 8 can be used, to locate…

•Open ends

•Shorted conductors

•Water damage

•Screen faults (interruption)

•Loose connectors

•Crimp faults

•Simple or double split

•Branches

•Capacitance networks

•Unwanted loading coils

•Change of cable type

In active bridge mode KMK 8 provides:

DC fault location methods like:

•Murray,

•3 Point

•Küpfmüller

•Repeated Küpfmüller

AC fault location methods like:

•Line break

•Repeated Küpfmüller

The measurement of parameters like:

•Loop resistance

•Resistance difference

•Insulation resistance

•Cable capacity

•Capacitive unbalance

•AC, DC voltage

In passive bridge mode KMK 8 provides:

DC fault location methods like:

•Murray,

•Küpfmüller

•3 Point

AC fault location methods like:

•Küpfmüller

•Capacitive unbalance

1-3

End to End synchronous current measurement with

•Graaf method using the DC interference voltages for fault location

The measurement of parameters like:

•Loop resistance

•Resistance difference

•Insulation resistance

KMK 8 provides remote control for far end devices like:

•KLC 8 loop closing device to close or open the loop during the

measurement (e.g fault location with Küpfmüller method).

•KMK 80S slave unit to measure the current at the far end in case

of fault location with Graaf method

1-4

1.2 Application Guide for Fault Location

We are talking about cable fault when the insulation resistance of one or

more pairs (between wire and wire or between wire and ground)

becomes too low.

That usually occurs after strong rains wetting the insulation material in

discrete points (typically not along the whole cable).

During the trouble shooting the first task is to locate that points. The

name of this process is “DC Fault Location”.

Performing calculations KMK 8 always supposes that there is only one

faulty point on the tested cable.

In the opposite case the cable should be split into sections containing

only one faulty point so as to measure them one by one.

The fault location can be disturbed when the fault resistance

interconnects the faulty wire with a DC voltage source (e.g. an active pair

using DC voltage).

The applicable fault location method depends on the characteristics of

cable fault. In PRE MEASUREMENT,S/PAIR CONDITION survey mode

KMK 8 provides an extremely useful help for the user to find the best

method.

From the point of view of interference voltages the cable faults can be

included into three groups:

•The AC interference voltages are low and the DC voltage isn’t

intermittent

•The AC interference voltages are high but the DC voltage isn’t

intermittent

•The AC and DC interference voltages are extremely high and

intermittent

KMK 8 offers three fault location methods for the above mentioned three

groups:

•Active bridge - when the interference voltages are low

•Passive Wheatstone bridge - when the interference voltages are

high but moderately intermittent

•End to End synchronic measurement - when the interference

voltages are extremely high and intermittent (Graaf method)

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