MFJ MFJ-936C Bedienungsanleitung

Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop

Tuner

MFJ-936C

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

MFJ Enterprises, Inc.

300 Industrial Park Rd. Starkville, MS 39759

P: (662) 323-5869

F: (662) 323-6551

DISCLAIMER

The information in this manual is designed for user purposes only

and is not intended to supersede information contained in customer

regulations, technical manuals or documents, positional handbooks, or

other oﬃcial publications. The copy of this manual provided to the

customer will not be updated to reﬂect current data. Customers using

this manual should report errors or omissions, recommendations for

improvements, or other comments to MFJ Enterprises, 300 Industrial

Park Road, Starkville, MS 39759.

Phone: (662) 323-5869

Fax: (662) 323-6551

Business hours: M-F 8:00 AM - 4:30 PM CST/CDT.

Contents

1 RADIO FREQUENCY HAZARDS 1

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.3 RFPRECAUTIONS.................................... 3

1.4 OPERATING ENVIRONMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.5 RF RADIATION EXPOSURE CONCERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.6 OPERATING ENVIRONMENTS & GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 THE MFJ-936C 6

2.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................... 6

2.2 FEATURES......................................... 7

2.3 CONTROLS&CONNECTIONS............................. 7

3 LOOP THEORY 8

4 SYSTEM SETUP 9

4.1 LOOPCONSTRUCTION................................. 9

4.2 CONFIGURATION .................................... 10

5 SYSTEM OPERATION 10

5.1 DETAILED OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5.2 QUICK-START INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5.3 MFJ-936CACCESSORIES ................................ 14

6 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 14

List of Figures

1 An Electromagnetic Plane Wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 TheMFJ-936C ....................................... 6

4 FrontPanel ......................................... 7

5 RearPanel ......................................... 8

6 Typical MFJ-936C Conﬁguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

List of Tables

1 100W Indoor and Outdoor Operating Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 150W Indoor and Outdoor Operating Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 Eﬃcient Loop Length Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

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MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner Instruction & Technical Manual

1 RADIO FREQUENCY HAZARDS

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The following warning is printed on the back of the MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic

Loop Tuner™.

WARNING

DO NOT touch or come into contact with Loop Connectors or

Loop Antenna while transmitting

YOU CAN BE SERIOUSLY INJURED

The MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner™can, and in fact does, produce

LETHAL VOLTAGES and HIGH CURRENTS during normal operation. The high-Q circuit

produced by resonating the wire loop connected to the tuner, and matching it to the 50Ω coax

supplying RF power creates this unique operating environment.

NOTICE

It is imperative that the operator speciﬁcally follows the operating

instructions and complies with all CAUTIONS, WARNINGS, and FCC

Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio frequency (RF) Electromagnetic

Fields.

1.2 RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION

Radio frequency (RF) energy is one type of electromagnetic energy. Electromagnetic waves and

associated phenomena can be discussed in terms of energy, radiation, or ﬁelds. Electromagnetic

radiation is deﬁned as waves of electric and magnetic energy moving together, or radiating,

through space. The movement of electrical charges generates these waves. For example, the

movement of charge in a radio station antenna (the alternating current) creates electromagnetic

waves that are radiated away from the antenna and intercepted by receiving antennas. The term

electromagnetic ﬁeld refers to the electric and magnetic environment existing at some location due

to a radiating source such as an antenna.

An electromagnetic wave (Figure 1) is characterized by its wavelength (λ) and frequency (f). The

wavelength is the distance covered by one complete wave cycle. The frequency is the number of

waves passing a given point in space over a second. For example, a typical radio wave transmitted

by a 2-meter VHF station has a wavelength of about 2 meters and a frequency of about 145 million

cycles per second (145 million Hertz): one cycle/second = one Hertz, which is abbreviated Hz.

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MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner Instruction & Technical Manual

Figure 1: An Electromagnetic Plane Wave

Electromagnetic waves travel through space at the speed of light. Wavelength and frequency are

inversely related by a simple equation: frequency ×wavelength = the speed of light, or fλ =c.

Since the speed of light is a fundamental constant, High Frequency (HF) electromagnetic waves

have short wavelengths, and Low-Frequency (LF) waves have long wavelengths. The frequency

bands used for amateur radio transmissions are usually characterized by their approximate

corresponding wavelengths, such as 12, 15, 17, 20 meters, et cetera.

The electromagnetic spectrum (Figure 2) includes all of the various energies of electromagnetic

radiation ranging from extremely low frequency (ELF) ranges (with very long wavelengths) to all

the way up to x rays and γrays, which have very high frequencies and correspondingly short

wavelengths. In between these extremes lie radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible

light and ultraviolet radiation. The RF part of the electromagnetic spectrum can generally be

deﬁned as that part of the spectrum where electromagnetic waves have frequencies that range from

about 3 kilohertz (kHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz).

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MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner Instruction & Technical Manual

Figure 2: The Electromagnetic Spectrum

1.3 RF PRECAUTIONS

The FCC Oﬃce of Engineering Technology (OET) Bulletin 65, Supplement B, Evaluating

Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio frequency Electromagnetic Fields

directly impacts the use and operation of the MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop

Tuner ™. It establishes safe operating distances from the loop antenna and associated power levels

in order to permit the operator and persons that may be impacted by operation to exist in a safe

RF environment. Guidelines for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) are deﬁned in Supplement

B of the bulletin.

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Use Supplement B in connection with FCC OET Bulletin 65, Version 97-01. The infor-

mation in the supplement provides additional detailed information used for evaluating

compliance of amateur radio stations with FCC guidelines for exposure to radio frequency

electromagnetic ﬁelds. However, Supplement B users should also consult Bulletin 65 for

complete information on FCC policies, guidelines and compliance-related issues. Def-

initions of terms used in this supplement appear in Bulletin 65. Bulletin 65 can be

viewed and downloaded from the FCC’s Oﬃce of Engineering and Technology’s website

at https://www.fcc.gov/general/radio-frequency-safety-0.

1.4 OPERATING ENVIRONMENTS

Under some circumstances, such as an antenna located unusually close to humans, an indoor

antenna in a living space, or a balcony-mounted antenna a foot or so away from a neighbor’s

balcony, the FCC could require a station evaluation or take other action. Computer models of

small HF loops, for example, yield RF ﬁelds very near the antenna that are much higher than the

standard amateur radio station outdoor antenna installation ﬁelds. Therefore, when you use the

MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner™in your shack, at a portable location, or

in a hotel room, care must be taken not to exceed established MPE to yourself and others who

may encounter the RF ﬁeld associated with your operation.

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MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner Instruction & Technical Manual

1.5 RF RADIATION EXPOSURE CONCERNS

Controlled population exposure limits apply to amateur licensees and members of their immediate

household but not their neighbors. A controlled environment is deﬁned as one for which access is

controlled or restricted. In the case of a ﬁxed or portable amateur station, the licensee or grantee

is the person responsible for controlling access and providing the necessary information and

training as described in FCC OET Bulletin 65, Supplement B.

General population or uncontrolled exposure limits apply to situations in which the general public

may be exposed, or in which persons who are exposed as a consequence of their employment, such

as hotel employees or overnight residents, may not be made fully aware of the potential for

exposure or cannot exercise control over their exposure. Therefore, members of the general public

always fall under this category when exposure is not employment-related, as in the case of

residents in an area near a broadcast tower. Neighbors of amateurs and other non-household

members would normally be subject to the general population/uncontrolled exposure limits.

1.6 OPERATING ENVIRONMENTS & GUIDELINES

Tables 1 and 2 list various MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner™operating

environments, average power level, and safe distances that should provide compliance with the

FCC’s MPE recommendations and standards for controlled and uncontrolled populations.

Distance data listed is a result of computer-modeling a circular loop, which is the most eﬃcient

radiator conﬁguration. Parameters used include those listed below:

•Loop perimeter: or circumference: 20% of a full wavelength for each band

•Diameter of loop conductor: #10 gauge wire

•Height of lowest section of loop above ground: 1 meter and 3 meters feedpoint heights

•Operating frequencies: 7.175, 10.1, 14.2, 18.1, 21.2, 24.95, & 28.5 MHz

•Output power: 100 Watts average for Table 1 and 150 Watts average for Table 2

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MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner Instruction & Technical Manual

Table 1: 100W Indoor and Outdoor Operating Environment

Frequency (MHz) Controlled Population

Exposure (ft|m)

Uncontrolled Population

Exposure (ft|m)

Height (m)

7.0 1.18 0.36 1.68 0.51 1

1.25 0.38 2.48 0.75 3

10.0 1.88 0.57 2.48 0.75 1

2.28 0.69 3.04 0.92 3

14.0 2.38 0.72 3.17 0.96 1

2.54 0.77 3.17 0.96 3

18.0 2.81 0.85 3.50 1.06 1

2.87 0.87 3.56 1.08 3

21.0 3.03 0.93 4.06 1.23 1

3.07 0.93 4.95 1.50 3

24.0 3.23 0.98 5.48 1.66 1

3.37 1.02 5.51 1.67 3

28.0 3.47 1.05 6.04 1.83 1

3.47 1.05 6.04 1.83 3

Table 2: 150W Indoor and Outdoor Operating Environment

Frequency (MHz) Controlled Population

Exposure (ft|m)

Uncontrolled Population

Exposure (ft|m)

Height (m)

7.0 1.45 0.44 2.05 0.62 1

1.52 0.46 3.00 0.91 3

10.0 2.28 0.69 3.00 0.91 1

2.77 0.84 3.66 1.11 3

14.0 2.87 0.87 3.83 1.16 1

3.07 0.93 4.62 1.40 3

18.0 3.40 1.03 5.15 1.56 1

3.47 1.05 5.25 1.59 3

21.0 3.70 1.12 5.94 1.80 1

3.73 1.13 6.01 1.82 3

24.0 3.93 1.19 6.63 2.01 1

4.09 1.24 6.67 2.02 3

28.0 4.19 1.27 7.33 2.22 1

4.19 1.27 7.33 2.22 3

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MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner Instruction & Technical Manual

2 THE MFJ-936C

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner™(Figure 3) is a small, versatile,

high-eﬃciency device that turns any wire or coax loop into a high-eﬃciency multi-band

transmitting loop antenna system designed for a 50Ω input impedance and 150W RF power on all

modes. It consists of two primary components:

•MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner™

•Wire or Coax Loop (not included)

The MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner™has two functions. First, it uses

various lengths of wire to create a very-high-Q tuned circuit that is used as a transmitting loop

antenna. An MFJ-19 low-loss Butterﬂy capacitor with no rotating contacts (available separately

for your own homebrew projects) is the heart of this circuit. The second function is as a matching

network that matches the high-Q transmitting loop circuit to your 50Ω coaxial cable.

Figure 3: The MFJ-936C

RF grounds, radials, or a counterpoise system are not required, though a safety ground is

recommended. While the MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner™can tune any

shape loop (circle, square, rectangle or any odd shape), a wire or length of coaxial cable

approaching a quarter wavelength shaped as a circle is the most eﬃcient conﬁguration.

The MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner™uses ﬁxed-length wires or coaxial

cables which will create a Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) around 1.5:1. Exact frequency coverage

depends on each individual installation’s choice of wire or coax length and diameter, shape of the

loop, height above ground level, and operating environment.

The MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner™has a mount for either an MFJ-57B

or MFJ-58B PVC Cross assembly or your own homebrewed assembly. The assembly is inserted

into the three-quarter-inch PVC receptacle mounted on the top of the unit’s cover. Assembly takes

less than ﬁve minues from opening the packaged kit to operating! Care should be taken, to secure

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MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner Instruction & Technical Manual

the loop if wind becomes a factor in the operating environment.

2.2 FEATURES

•Powerless: No power supply required.

•Maximum Input Power: 150 Watts (all modes)

•Easy-to-Read Loop RF Current Indicator: 0-100 unitless scale with adjustable

sensitivity

•Easy-Carry Handle: Permits easy handling to/from portable location(s)

•Small Physical Proﬁle: 9.25” wide, 7.5” deep, by 4.25” tall

•Low Radiation Angle: Rivals full size dipoles.

•Quiet Reception: Extremely quiet receiving antenna. High-Q design rejects out-of-band

interference and harmonics and reduces overloading.

•Indoor Use: Perfect for apartments, hotel rooms, antenna restricted and portable locations.

2.3 CONTROLS & CONNECTIONS

The MFJ-936C Deluxe High-Eﬃciency Magnetic Loop Tuner™front panel controls and indicators

(Figure 4) function to permit matching the wire or coax loop to the coaxial line at the input of the

tuner.

Figure 4: Front-panel Controls: 1.) Tuning Control, 2.) Matching

Control, 3.) Power Range, 4.) Meter Sensitivity, 5.) SWR Meter, 6.)

Antenna Current Meter, 7.) Coax Output, 8.) PVC Mount

1. TUNING: This adjusts the Butterﬂy capacitor.

2. MATCHING: This matches the tuned loop to a 50Ω coaxial cable.

3. POWER RANGE: Push-button selectable between 30W and 300W ranges.

4. METER SENSITIVITY: This adjusts the sensitivity of the current meter.

5. SWR METER: Measures forward and reﬂected power and determines the SWR.

6. ANTENNA CURRENT METER: This displays the current passing through the antenna on

a unitless 0-100 scale.

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