NETGEAR DGFV338 - ProSafe Wireless ADSL Modem VPN Firewall... Bedienungsanleitung

Configuring Type-of-Service (ToS) features on the DGFV338

Scope:

This document details what the packet priority (ToS) feature of the DGFV338 does.

These results were tested on a DGFV338 running firmware 2.1.1-22.

Contents:

1. What is ToS?

2. Setting up ToS on the DGFV338.

3. What changes do the ToS settings make to the packet headers?

What is Type-of-Service (ToS)?

ToS is an IP QoS (quality-of-service) mechanism, which uses certain bits in the IP header to indicate to

network devices how packets should be treated. It is up to each network device that a packet passes

through to know how to respond to the ToS bits, and if a device is not ToS-capable then the bits are

simply ignored and all packets are treated in the same way.

The DGFV338 complies with RFC1349, which defines 5 types of service:

1. Normal –Service

2. Minimize-Cost

3. Maximize-Reliability

4. Maximize-Throughput

5. Minimize-Delay

Earlier versions of ToS only defined 4 types of service, they did not include “Minimize-Cost”. The

“Minimize-Cost” ToS attempts to minimize the financial cost of passing traffic, not to be confused with

normal IP routing protocols which try to route packets based on minimum “Hops” or ”Metrics”, often

referred to as “Costs”.

Most QoS mechanisms, including ToS, essentially consist of a number of queues of different priority that

feed packets out through the physical ports of a networking device. The network device looks at the ToS

bits, and places the packet in the most appropriate queue.

Setting up ToS on the DGFV338

There are 2 places in the DGFV338 where ToS can be set:

1. When adding a Custom Service:

2. When adding an Outbound Firewall Rule:

In both cases, the same 5 ToS options are available, with “Normal-Service” as the default:

1. Normal –Service

2. Minimize-Cost

3. Maximize-Reliability

4. Maximize-Throughput

5. Minimize-Delay

So which setting takes precedence?

Q. If you create a custom service, and use that custom service when creating an outbound rule, which of

the 2 ToS settings will take precedence and determine how the packet is prioritised?

A. If the Custom Service ToS setting is “Normal-Service”, then the Outbound Rule ToS setting takes

precedence.

If the Custom Service ToS is NOT “Normal Service”, then the Custom Service ToS setting takes

precedence.

After the Outbound Rule is created, the ToS setting shown in the Outbound Services “Priority” column is

the ToS setting which has precedence, which may or may not be the same as the ToS setting that was

chosen when the Outbound Rule was being created:

What changes do the ToS settings make to the packet headers?

In the IPv4 packet header, the second byte (bits 9-16) is designated “Type Of Service” (ToS).

The use of this byte has changed as different QoS standards have been established. I shall refer to these

different standards as “Original ToS”, “RFC1349 ToS”, and “DSCP”:

Original ToS:

Precedence

Minimize

Delay

Maximize

Throughput

Maximize

Reliability

Unused

RFC 1349 ToS:

Precedence

Minimize

Delay

Maximize

Throughput

Maximize

Reliability

Minimize

Cost

Unused

Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP):

DSCP

ECT

Explicit

Congestion

Notification

Capable

Transport

ECN

Explicit

Congestion

Notification

The DGFV338 complies with RFC1349, and it’s ToS settings cause the following values to be set in the

ToS byte of packets exiting the WAN port:

Precedence

Minimize

Delay

Maximize

Throughput

Maximize

Reliability

Minimize

Cost

Unused

Decimal

Hex

DSCP

Normal

Service

Minimize

Delay

Ox10

Maximize

Throughput

0x08

Maximize

Reliability

0x04

Minimize

Cost

0x02

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